生物反馈、电刺激联合盆底肌锻炼对产后盆底康复的疗效探讨

目的探究产后接受生物反馈、电刺激与盆底肌锻炼对盆底康复的影响。方法选取该院2012年4月—2015年12月收治的400例足月分娩产妇,按照开始接受治疗的时间分为4组,每组100例,对照组不接受治疗措施,产后42、60、90 d组接受反复的生物反馈、电刺激与盆底肌锻炼。对4组盆底肌肌力、阴道肌电压与尿失禁情况进行对比。结果对照组与产后90 d组相比,产后60 d组与产后42 d组产妇的盆底肌肌力得到有效恢复,且产后42 d组(Ⅱ级占1%、Ⅲ级占2%、Ⅳ级占44%、V级占53%)的恢复效果最好(P<0.05);对照组与产后90 d组阴道肌电压μV与尿失禁发生率的对比,产后60 d组与产后42 d组产妇的阴道肌电压与尿失禁发生率有效改善,且产后42 d组的阴道肌电压(20.17±8.40)μV与尿失禁发生率4%改善效果最佳(P<0.05),且产后42 d组的阴道肌电压与尿失禁发生率改善效果最佳(P<0.05)差异有统计学意义。结论产妇及早接受生物反馈、电刺激与盆底肌锻炼,可使盆底肌肌力有效提高,尿失禁发生率有效降低。

家畜卵泡抑制素的研究进展

抑制素 (Inhibin,INH) ,是一种主要由动物性腺 (卵巢的颗粒细胞和睾丸的支持细胞 )分泌的异二聚体糖蛋白激素 ,由两个三硫键连接两个不同的亚单位 (α和 β)构成 ,对垂体促卵泡素FSH的分泌、合成起选择性负反馈调节物作用。卵泡抑制素免疫中和技术能特异性地刺激机体FSH分泌 ,促进配子生成 ,进而提高动物生殖能力。本文主要就家畜卵泡抑制素的研究进展以及其对家畜生殖的影响作一综述。

Virtual Plant Modeling Based on Mutual Feedback of Function-structure

[Objective] To study virtual plant modeling based on mutual feedback of function-structure.[Method] With the analysis of the shortcomings of current virtual plant modeling method,the modeling with the idea of function-structure mutual feedback was put forward,and the steps of this modeling were elaborated,including the determination of morphological structure model,biomass production model,biomass allocation model,organ reconstruction model,and the integration method of function model and morphological structure model.[Results] The breakthrough of function-structure mutual feedback based mechanism from the boundaries of physiological ecology model and morphological structure model can solve the difficulty of data transmission between the two models and build an integrated model from the two,which can effectively reflect the incidence relation between plant morphology and function,and more suitable for the growth mechanisms of plants.This modeling approach has significant advantages in the dynamic simulation of plant growth.[Conclusion] The virtual plant modeling based on function-structure mutual feedback provides basis for the simulation of plant growth status in the next stage,and has important significance for the accurate simulation of the dynamic growth process of plant.

Biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defecation

Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or failure to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is believed to be a behavioral disorder because there.are no associated morphological or neurological abnormalities, and consequently biofeedback training has been recommended for treatment. Biofeedback involves the use of pressure measurements or averaged electromyographic activity within the anal canal to teach patients how to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is often combined with teaching the patient more appropriate techniques for straining （increasing intra-abdominal pressure） and having the patient practice defecating a water filled balloon. Tn adults, randomized controlled trials show that this form of biofeedback is more effective than laxatives, general muscle relaxation exercises （described as sham biofeedback）, and drugs to relax skeletal muscles. Moreover, its effectiveness is specific to patients who have dyssynergic defecation and not slow transit constipation. However, in children, no clear superiority for biofeedback compared to laxatives has been demonstrated. Based on three randomized controlled studies in the last two years, biofeedback appears to be the preferred treatment for dyssynergic defecation in adults.

Chronic proctalgia and chronic pelvic pain syndromes:New etiologic insights and treatment options

This systematic review addresses the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of several chronic pain syndromes affecting the pelvic organs:chronic proctalgia, coccygodynia, pudendal neuralgia, and chronic pelvic pain. Chronic or recurrent pain in the anal canal, rectum, or other pelvic organs occurs in 7% to 24% of the population and is associated with impaired quality of life and high health care costs. However, these pain syndromes are poorly understood, with little research evidence available to guide their diagnosis and treatment. This situation appears to be changing:A recently published large randomized,controlled trial by our group comparing biofeedback, electrogalvanic stimulation, and massage for the treatment of chronic proctalgia has shown success rates of 85% for biofeedback when patients are selected based on physical examination evidence of tenderness in response to traction on the levator ani muscle-a physical sign suggestive of striated muscle tension. Excessive tension (spasm) in the striated muscles of the pelvic floor appears to be common to most of the pelvic pain syndromes. This suggests the possibility that similar approaches to diagnostic assessment and treatment may improve outcomes in other pelvic pain disorders.

Therapeutic effect of different treatment methods on functional anorectal pain

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of oral traditional Chinese medicine （Jiaweitiaoqi decoction）, electroacupuncture, biofeedback, and combined treatment on functional anorectal pain （FAP）. Methods： A total of 200 patients with FAP were randomly divided into 4 groups, with 50 patients in each group. Group 1 was given oral Jiaweitiaoqi decoction; group 2 was given electroacupuncture at the lumbosacral acupoints; group 3 was given biofeedback training; and group 4 was given combined treatment. The numeric rating scale （NRS）, Short Form-36 （SF-36） quality of life scale, static pressure of the anal canal, and maximum systolic pressure were observed in the 4 groups. Results： The observation indices of the 4 groups were all improved after treatment compared with those before treatment, and the fourth group showed the most obvious improvement. Regarding NRS scores, the static pressure of the anal canal, and maximum systolic pressure, group 4 had lower values than the other 3 groups （P 〈 0.05 for all）. In the SF-36 quality of life score, group 4 showed a higher value than the other 3 groups （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： Non-drug therapy including acupuncture and physical exercise can enhance the clinical efficacy of single Chinese medicine in the treatment of FAP .

Controlling Chaotic Behavior in a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Linear Feedback

The spatial structure of a Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） loaded into an optical lattice potential is investigated and the spatially chaotic distributions of the condensates are revealed. A method of chaos control with linear feedback is presented in this paper. By using the method, we propose a scheme of controlling chaotic behavior in a BEC with atomic mirrors. The results of the computer simulation show that controlling the chaos into the stable states could be realized by adjusting the coefficient of feedback only if the maximum Lyapunov exponent of the system is negative.

ERRFI1在成年昆明小鼠脑组织中的表达定位研究

目的:探讨ErbB受体反馈抑制物1(ERRFI1)在成年昆明小鼠脑组织不同部位的mRNA和蛋白质表达情况。方法:选用成年健康雌性昆明小鼠,取脑组织的额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶、丘脑、小脑和海马等部位,采取RT-PCR、real time RT-PCR检测ERRFI1 mRNA在各脑区的表达情况;采取Western Blot检测ERRFI1蛋白质在各脑区的表达情况;再采取免疫组织化学技术的方法对不同部位脑组织ERRFI1蛋白质进行表达与定位情况的研究。结果:ERRFI1 mRNA在小鼠脑组织的额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶、丘脑、小脑和海马等部位均有表达,且表达没有显著差异;而ERRFI1蛋白质在小脑的表达显著高于额叶、顶叶、枕叶、颞叶、丘脑和海马(P<0.05);免疫组化结果显示,ERRFI1在大脑皮质及脑干的部分神经元、海马少数锥体细胞及颗粒细胞、海马分子层及多形层的胶质细胞、小脑的部分神经元、浦肯野细胞、高尔基细胞等呈阳性表达,嗅球的小球周细胞、僧帽细胞、颗粒细胞等也呈阳性。结论:ERRFI1在成年昆明小鼠的脑组织中广泛表达。

超高建筑荣超经贸中心通风防排烟设计

本文详细介绍了深圳荣超经贸中心通风防排烟设计。就避难层通风、加压送风系统的分段、竖向排烟系统的设置、注意事项等进行了阐述。

On Chaotification of Discrete Lagrange Systems

This paper is concerned with chaotification of discrete Lagrange systems in one dimension, via feedback control techniques. A chaotification theorem for discrete Lagrange systems is established. The controlled systems are proved to be chaotic in the sense of Devaney. In particular, the systems corresponding to the original systems and designed controllers are only required to satisfy, some mild assumptions.

Mechanism of plant-soil feedback in a degraded alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau

Although biotic and abiotic factors have been confirmed to be critical factors that affect community dynamics,their interactive effects have yet to be fully considered in grassland degradation.Herein,we tested how soil nutrients and microbes regulated plant-soil feedback(PSF)in a degraded alpine grassland.Our results indicated that soil total carbon(STC;from 17.66 to 12.55 g/kg)and total nitrogen(STN;from 3.16 to 2.74 g/kg)exhibited significant(P<0.05)decrease from non-degraded(ND)to severely degraded(SD).Despite higher nutrients in ND soil generating significantly(P<0.05)positive PSF(0.52)on monocots growth when the soil was sterilized,a high proportion of pathogens(36%)in ND non-sterilized soil resulted in a strong negative PSF on monocots.In contrast,the higher phenotypic plasticity of dicots coupled with a higher abundance of mutualists and saprophytes(70%)strongly promoted their survival and growth in SD with infertile soil.Our findings identified a novel mechanism that there was a functional group shift from monocots with higher vulnerability to soil pathogens in the ND fertile soil to dicots with higher dependence on nutritional mutualists in the degraded infertile soil.The emerging irreversible eco-evolutionary in PSF after degradation might cause a predicament for the restoration of degraded grassland.

Inactivation of Cipc alters the expression of Per1 but not circadian rhythms in mice

Circadian clocks are comprised of self-sustained transcriptional/translational feedback loops, which regulate the rhythms of physiology and behavior in mammals. CLOCK-interacting protein, Circadian(CIPC), has been indicated as an additional negative-feedback regulator of the circadian clock in vitro, although its physiological roles in circadian clock are unknown. Here, we generated Cipc homozygous knockout(Cipc-/-) mice and assessed the resultant circadian phenotypes. Surprisingly, the m RNA expression profiles of core clock genes in the liver of Cipc-/- mice showed no significant differences from that in wild-type mice except for Per1. Cipc-/- mice displayed normal locomotor rhythm and entrained activity pattern in both 12:12 light-dark cycle and constant dark cycle. Furthermore, deletion of Cipc in lungs and adipose tissues did not influence their peripheral clock. The results from this work provided more conclusive data suggesting that CIPC is not critically required for basic clock function.

Current plant diversity but not its soil legacy influences exotic plant invasion

Current plant diversity can influence exotic plant invasion,but it is unclear whether there is a legacy effect of plant diversity on exotic plant invasion.As plant diversity can affect soil microbial communities and physio-chemical properties,which may cascade to impact subsequent exotic plant growth,we hypothesize that the soil legacy effect of plant diversity can influence exotic plant invasion.We conducted a plant–soil feedback experiment.In the conditioning phase,we trained soils by monocultures of 12 plant species from three functional groups(4 grasses,3 legumes and 5 forbs)and mixtures of 8 randomly selected species with all three functional groups from this 12-species pool.In the test phase,we grew the invasive plant Bidens pilosa with a co-occurring native grass(Arthraxon hispidus),with a co-occurring native forb(Pterocypsela indica)or with both in each type of the conditioned soils.The performance of B.pilosa relative to its native competitors varied depending on the functional type of both conditioning plant species in the conditioning phase and competing plant species in the test phase.Diversity of the conditioning plants did not influence the growth difference between B.pilosa and its native competitors.However,increasing diversity of the competing plant species reduced the performance of B.pilosa relative to its native competitors.Our results suggest that current plant diversity can reduce exotic plant invasion through increasing growth inequality between invasive and native plants,but the soil legacy effect of plant diversity may have little impact on exotic plant invasion.

Effects of neurofeedback on the short-term memory and continuous attention of patients with moderate traumatic brain injury： A preliminary randomized controlled clinical trial

Purpose： There are some studies which showed neurofeedback therapy （NET） can be effective in clients with traumatic brain injury （TBI） history. However, randomized controlled clinical trials are still needed for evaluation of this treatment as a standard option. This preliminary study was aimed to evaluate the effect of NET on continuous attention （CA） and short-term memory （STM） of clients with moderate TBI using a randomized controlled clinical trial （RCT）. Methods： In this preliminary RCT, seventeen eligible patients with moderate TBl were randomly allo- cated in two intervention and control groups. All the patients were evaluated for CA and STM using the visual continuous attention test and Wechsler memory scale-4th edition （WMS-IV） test, respectively, both at the time of inclusion to the project and four weeks later. The intervention group participated in 20 sessions of NFT through the first four weeks. Conversely, the control group participated in the same NF sessions from the fifth week to eighth week of the project. Results： Eight subjects in the intervention group and five subjects in the control group completed the study. The mean and standard deviation of participants＇ age were （26.75 ~ 15.16） years and （2Z60 ＋_ 8.17） years in experiment and control groups, respectively. All of the subjects were male. No significant improvement was observed in any variables of the visual continuous attention test and WMS-IV test between two groups （p _~ 0.05）. Conclusion： Based on our literature review, it seems that our study is the only study performed on the effect of NET on TBl patients with control group. NET has no effect on CA and STM in patients with moderate TBI. More RCTs with large sample sizes, more sessions of treatment, longer time of follow-up and different orotocols are recommended.

Plant diversity promotes soil fungal pathogen richness under fertilization in an alpine meadow

Aims The effects of fertilization on fungal plant pathogens in agricultural soils have been studied extensively.However,we know little about how fertilization affects the relative abundance and richness of soil fungal plant pathogens in natural ecosystems,either through altering the soil properties or plant community composition.Methods Here,we used data from a 7-year nitrogen(N)addition experiment in an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to test how N addition affects the relative abundance and richness of soil fungal plant pathogens,as determined using Miseq sequencing of ITS1 gene biomarkers.We also evaluated the relative importance of changes in soil properties versus plant species diversity under N addition.Important Findings Using general linear model selection and a piecewise structural equation model,we found that N addition increased the relative abundance of soil fungal plant pathogens by significantly altering soil properties.However,higher host plant species richness led to higher soil fungal plant pathogen richness,even after excluding the effects of N addition.We conclude that the relative abundance and richness of soil fungal plant pathogens are regulated by different mechanisms in the alpine meadow.Continuous worldwide N inputs(through both fertilizer use and nitrogen deposition)not only cause species losses via altered plant species interactions,but also produce changes in soil properties that result in more abundant soil fungal plant pathogens.This increase in pathogen relative abundance may seriously threaten ecosystem health,thus interrupting important ecosystem functions and services.

Extinction in a discrete Lotka-Volterra competitive system with the effect of toxic substances and feedback controls

In this paper, we consider a discrete Lotka-Volterra competitive system with the effect of toxic substances and feedback controls. By using the method of discrete Lyapunov function and by developing a new analysis technique, we obtain the sufficient conditions which guarantee that one of the two species will be driven to extinction while the other will be permanent. We improve the corresponding results of Li and Chen [Extinction in two-dimensional discrete Lotka Volterra competitive system with the effect of toxic substances, Dynam. Contin. Discrete Impuls. Syst. Ser. B Appl. Algorithms 15 （2008） 165-178]. Also, an example together with their numerical simulations shows the feasibility of our main results. It is shown that toxic substances and feedback control variables play an important role in the dynamics of the system.

Rectal-prolapse repair in men is safe,but outcomes are not well understood

Introduction:Rectal prolapse is a condition that occurs infrequently in men and there is little literature guiding treatment in this population.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surgical approach and outcomes of rectal-prolapse repair in men.Methods:A retrospective multicenter review was conducted of consecutive men who underwent rectal-prolapse repair between 2004 and 2014.Surgical approaches and outcomes,including erectile function and fecal continence,were evaluated.Results:During the study period,58 men underwent rectal-prolapse repair and the mean age of repair was 52.7624.1 years.The mean follow-up was 13.2 months(range,0.5–117 months).The majority of patients underwent endoscopic evaluation(78%),but few patients underwent anal manometry(16%),defecography(9%)or ultrasound(3%).Ten patients(17%)underwent biofeedback/pelvic-floor physical therapy prior to repair.Nineteen patients(33%)underwent a perineal approach(most were perineal proctosigmoidectomy).Thirty-nine patients(67%)underwent repair using an abdominal approach(all were suture rectopexy)and,of these,77%were completed using a minimally invasive technique.The overall complication rate was 26%including urinary retention(16%),which was more common in patients undergoing the perineal approach(32%vs.8%,P=0.028),urinary-tract infection(7%)and wound infection(3%).The overall recurrence rate was 9%,with no difference between abdominal and perineal approaches.Information on sexual function was missing in the majority of patients both before and after surgery(76%and 78%,respectively).Conclusion:Rectal-prolapse repair in men is safe and has a low recurrence rate;however,sexual function was poorly recorded across all institutions.Further studies are needed to evaluate to best approach to and functional outcomes of rectal-prolapse repair in men.

Similarity in fine-to-total root mass ratio leads to comparative plant-soil feedbacks between co-occurring native and invasive plants

Aims Soil biota can affect plant-plant interactions and non-native plant invasions via plant-soil feedback(PSF).Understanding the drivers underlying interspecific variations in PSF is im portant for predicting the role of soil biota in non-native plant invasions.Recent studies found that PSF could be predicted by plant traits.The success of plant invasions is also linked with plant traits,suggesting a potential linkage between PSF and plant invasion via plant traits,but has not yet been tested.Here,we compared PSF between six phylogenetically paired co-occurring native and invasive plants,and explored the potential linkage between PSF with plant root traits.Methods We conducted a two-phase PSF experiment.Field collected soils were conditioned by the six plant species for 3 months firstly,then seedllings of these plants were grown in living or sterilized soils that had been conditioned by conspecific vs.heterospecific(the conge ner/confamilial species)individuals.We estimated effects of biota in conspecific(conspecific PSF)or heterospecific(heterospecific PSF)soils relative to sterilized soils,and the relative effects of biota in conspecific vs.heterospecific soils(PSF-away)on plant biomass.Important Findings In general,soil biota suppressed plant growth,and there were no differences in conspecific PSF,heterospecific PSF and PSF-away between native and invasive plants.PSF increased with rising plant fineto-total root mass ratio in the presence of soil biota,and its value was comparable between native and invasive plants.Our results indicate that similarity in plant fine-to-total root mass ratio that predicted PSF may have partially led to the comparable PSFs between these native and invasive plants.Studies exploring the linkages among plant traits,PSF and plant invasions with more plants,in particular phylogenetically distant plants,are needed to improve our understanding of the role of soil biota in plant invasions.

An invading annual plant benefits less from soil biota and has reduced competitive power with a resident grass

Aims Interactions between plants and their soil biota,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)in particular,may play a vital role in the establishment and the range expansion of exotic plants in new environments.However,whether there are post-introduction shifts in dependence on AMF and how dependency interacts with competition remains poorly understood.Methods We conducted a common garden greenhouse experiment to examine how native(USA)and invasive(China)populations of the plant species Plantago virginica,respond to soil biota,and whether these responses change in the presence of a competitor.Important Findings We found that while native populations consistently had a higher AMF colonization rate and benefited from AMF in both biomass and seed production,invasive populations received less benefit from AMF,and even showed reduced biomass with AMF in the presence of a competitor.This low mycorrhizal dependency in invasive populations correlated with greater suppression by an indigenous competitor for the invader.The different responses of the invasive and native populations to AMF suggest that alteration of mycorrhizal dependency has occurred during the invasion of P.virginica into China.Our findings suggest that this reduced dependency incurs a cost during interspecific competition.

PASSIVE CONTROL OF HUMAN BODY COMPLEX SINGULAR SYSTEMS

Due to the complexity of interaction among constituents inside the whole system, it is difficult to establish accurate mathematics models to describe and analyze the complex systems exactly. There are few attempts concerning on the moving process of endocrine disruptor in human bodies, which have been the polluted material worldwide related to the reproduction, existence and development of human being. Focusing on such two challenging issues, a multi-compartment model of endocrine disruptor Benzene moving in the human body complex system is established in this paper. Furthermore, passivity of this model is described systematically. A feedback controller for this descriptor biological complex system is used under the station of strict passivity, and an example of the controller is given for a particular instantiation of the model.