物性仪测定肉嫩度的研究

试验对使用高精密度的TA-X12物性仪穿透测定的不同嫩度肉的曲线进行细致的研究。比较不同嫩度肉的不同穿透数据参数(包括三个极值点、恒定值和曲线所包围的面积)与感官对照值之间的相关性,试验结果表明:用物性仪的穿透法测得的第一个极值点的力来反映肉的嫩度较为适当。

一种新型热物性测量系统的研究

设计了一种动态测定物质相变点附近热物性的新型检测系统 ,通过这一检测系统对熔点温度较高的金属及合金相变点附近的热物性进行了测定 ,填补了国内外相关文献的空白。

12个杏品种(系)果实品质的比较研究

以12个杏品种(系)为试验材料,对其单果重、纵径、横径、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、硬度、黏附性、内聚性、弹性、胶黏性、咀嚼性、破裂力、破裂位移、破裂功、果肉硬度、果肉做功、脆性共17项指标进行测定,进行相关性分析,并通过主成分分析计算得分及排序,进一步进行系统聚类分析。结果显示:不同品种(系)间各性状指标存在显著差异,内聚性和破裂位移变异系数较小,其他各指标变异系数均在20%以上;相关性分析结果表明,17项指标间存在一定的相关性和信息重叠,其中22对性状的相关系数达到极显著水平,21对性状的相关系数达到显著水平;主成分分析结果表明,前4个因子特征值均大于1,代表了17项指标的88.161%的信息,根据主成分得分以及权重,在4个主成分上的得分靠前的品种(系)分别是15-2-8、国之鲜和山黄杏,综合得分靠前的品种(系)是红玉、15-2-8、鸡蛋杏、沙金红和国之鲜;聚类分析结果表明,12个杏品种(系)可聚为4类,第1类以珍珠油杏为代表,可溶性固形物含量高,黏附性大,单果重小;第2类以金太阳为代表,可滴定酸含量、破裂位移和破裂功高;第3类以早橙为代表,弹性最大;第4类以15-2-8为代表,质地硬脆,咀嚼性好。研究结果为杏果实品质评价和分类提供了理论基础,为进一步选育特色、优质杏新品种提供依据。

正交试验优化传统腐竹制作工艺

采用物性测定仪及色差仪法结合产品的出品率等指标,对影响腐竹得率和品质的工艺条件进行研究,确定最佳的腐竹生产工艺流程。单因素试验和正交试验结果表明,影响腐竹得率和品质的因素分别为:浆液pH值、脂肪/蛋白质比率,糖类/蛋白质比率,揭膜温度、打浆豆水比。对影响揭膜过程的工艺条件进行正交试验,最终确定腐竹标准工艺条件为原料大豆蛋白质含量34.42%、脂肪17.52%、总糖15.77%、水分11.91%、揭膜浆液pH 8.0、脂肪/蛋白质0.2、糖类/蛋白质0.3、揭膜温度85℃、打浆豆水比1∶7。此时腐竹得率为49.02%(对干豆),明度49.72,抗拉强度3.46 MPa,延伸率11.18%,腐竹水分含量9.12%,蛋白质含量46.89%,脂肪含量26.09%,总糖含量12.09%,各项指标符合相关标准。实验所得腐竹与文献报道结果相比,在得率和明度基本保持不变的情况下,抗拉强度提高18.60%,延伸率提高6.93%。

蒸煮大米质构特性测定方法分析

米饭的质构特性被认为是大米食用品质中最重要的因素,对食品的质构进行评价的最基本的方法是感官评价,但是,评价结果受到很多因素的影响。本研究利用物性仪对不同产地的大米蒸煮后的质构特性进行测定,采用ANOVA对测定结果进行统计分析,确定这种方法测定的硬度的结果具有显著的差异,粘度的测定结果也具有显著的差异性。结果证明,采用物性仪对米饭的质构特性进行分析,是一种简便可行的评价方法。

肉类弹性测定方法的研究

文章阐述了使用高精密度的ＴＡ－ＸＴ２ｉ物性仪测定肉类弹性的方法。比较了不同测定方法的弹性数据与感官对照值之间的相关性，试验结果表明用一次压缩过程中的最大力来表示肉的弹性较为恰当。

V_C对面条品质的影响

VC是面条生产中常用的品质改良剂。通过面团混合试验仪(Mixolab)分析、面条物性仪(TPA)试验和感官评价,研究VC对面条品质的影响。试验结果表明:Vc能明显影响到面团的流变学特性及面条的流变学性质和感官品质。随着VC添加量的增加,面团的形成时间和稳定时间均减小,面条的硬度、胶着性和咀嚼度也均呈减小趋势。感官分析结果显示,VC添加量在100 mg/L^200 mg/L为宜。

山药营养面条的研制

通过正交试验和感官评价方法,得到山药面条的最佳配方为山药粉2%,食盐1%,复合添加剂0.2%。各因素对山药面条的影响顺序为山药粉>复合添加剂>食盐,通过检测和观察面条烹煮特性、物性指标和微观结构,对山药面条品质性状进行了分析和评价。山药营养面条品质好,具有山药清香,营养丰富。

Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Prepared by Electrodeposition in a Modified Simulated Body Fluid

Hydroxyapatite coatings were directly prepared on anodized titanium by electro-deposition method in a modified simulated body fluid.The configuration,structure and bioactivity of the coating were investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction analyzer(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectros-copy(FTIR)techniques.The results demonstrated that pure and homogeneous hydroxyapatite coating can be obtained without any post-treatment.The prepared coating showed good bioactivity in simulated body fluid(SBF).The time required for a fully covered dense hydroxyapatite coatings was 4 days immersion in SBF.

Reservoir space of the Es_3~3–Es_4~1shale in Dongying sag

The Es3/3-Es1/4 shales in Dongying sag are source rocks with large reserves of shale oil and gas. For the iden- tification of development characteristics and geological significance of the reservoir space, FM1 logging, core observation, thin section analysis, X-ray diffraction, fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, mercury porosimetry, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, atomic force microscopy, and conventional physical property testing were used to study the petrology and reservoir space of the Es3/3-Es1/4 shale in Dongying sag. The results suggest that the shale is rich in carbonate minerals. Phanero- crystalline stratiform and lamellar argillaceous limestone and calcareous claystone are the oil- and gas-bearing lithofacies. The oil in the micropores is mainly present as membranes and clots. The shale reservoir space has a network structure with veins, carbonate and clay minerals, and micropores among pyrite and the matrix. The results provide the geological framework for future shale oil and gas explora- tion in Dongying sag.

Pyrolysis characteristics of rubber compositions in medical waste

Thermogravimetric study of rubber compositions （operating glove and catheter） in medical waste was carried out using the thermogravimetric analyser （TGA）,at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min in a stream of N2.The results indicate that the decomposition process of operating glove appears an obvious mass loss stage at 250-485 ℃,while catheter has two obvious stages at 240-510 ℃ and 655-800 ℃,respectively; both samples present endothermic pyrolysis reaction; the decomposition of operating glove and the first mass loss stage of catheter are in agreement with natural rubber pyrolysis; the second mass loss stage of catheter corresponds to CaCO3 decomposition.Based on the experimental results,a novel two-step four-reaction model was established to simulate the whole continuous processes,which could more satisfactorily describe and predict the pyrolysis processes of rubber compositions,being more mechanistic and conveniently serving for the engineering.

Preparation of calcium phosphate coatings on Mg-1.0Ca alloy

The calcium phosphate coatings were prepared by virtue of electrochemical deposition in order to improve the corrosion resistance of Mg-1.0Ca alloys in simulated body fluids.The chemical compositions,structures and morphologies of the coatings were investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray diffractometry(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM), respectively.The potentiodynamic electrochemical technique was employed to investigate the bio-degradation behavior of Mg-1.0Ca alloys with Ca-P coatings in Hank's solutions.The experimental results show that the deposited coatings predominately consist of flake-shape brushite(DCPD,CaHPO4·2H2O)crystallites.The corrosion resistance of the substrates with coatings is improved in Hank's solutions significantly.

Synthesis of ZSM-5/MOR Co-crystalline Zeolite without Template and the Catalytic Application Thereof

A ZSM-5/MOR co-crystalline zeolite was synthesized without using the template. The physico-chemical properties of the zeolite were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and TPD and then compared with the co-crystalline zeolite synthesized with a template. Analytical results indicated that they were similar in structure and composition. The influences ofpH value and Si/Al ratio on synthesis were studied. It was found that a high pH value or a low Si/AI ratio could provide better environment for mordenite （MOR） crystallization. The zeolites applied as catalysts in naphtha catalytic cracking for producing ethylene and propylene showed outstanding catalytic performance with the total yield of ethylene and propylene reaching 55 m%. The process could achieve most favorable efficiency when the catalyst contained 5 m% of MOR.

Influence on Biological Behavior of Colon Cancer Stem Cells after RNA Interfering CD133

OBJECTIVE To observe the effects expression and activation on biological cancer stem cells. of blocking CD133 gene characteristic of the colon METHODS CD133＋ colon cancer stem cells （CCSCs） were separated from EpCAMhigh CD44＋ CCSCs through fluorescenceactivated cell sorting （FACS）. The proliferation, the capability of spherical cell formation, neoplasia, and the expression of ABCG2 mRNA of CD133＋ CCSCs were observed after the CD133＋ CCSCs were infected with LV-CD133shRNA. CD133 negative cells were isolated from EpCAMhigh CD44＋ CCSCs with FACS, and the CD133 proteins in CD133- cells were detected with Western blot. RESULTS CD133＋ CCSCs were isolated from EpCAMhigh CD44＋ CCSCs using FACS, and they accounted for 89.2% in the stem cells. In the experimental group, after the CD133＋ CCSCs were knocked down by LV-CD133shRNA RNAi, the growth pattern of the cells in the stem cell culture changed into adherent growth from suspended growth, and couldn＇t generate spherical cells. Results of MTT assay showed that the CD133＋ CCSCs infected with LV-CD133shRNA grew slowly, compared to the cells in the control groups. There was a decrease in the cloning efficiency. The infected cells were transplanted into the BALB/c nude mice. During the observation, no neoplasia was found in the CD133＋ cells infected with LV-CD133shRNA. The level of ABCG2 mRNA expression was lowered greatly （P 〈 0.01）. CD133- cells were obtained from the EpCAMhigh CD44＋ CCSCs using FACS, in which the expression of CD133 protein was positive. CONCLUSION CD133 retains the biological characteristics of the colon cancer stem cells.

Zhang Heng's Seismoscope( 1):Its Emergence

The emergence of Zhang Heng's seismoscope has a profound historical background. This paper intends to explore the formation and material basis of Zhang Heng's scientific thought. It appears that the simple intention of "observing visions and distinguishing good fortune or misfortune"was his motivation to develop the seismoscope. Tracing its historical background,the authors proposed in this paper that the development of this seismoscope started around 128 A. D., and based on perceptual knowledge, two ideas about earthquakes came into being,i. e.,earthquake location could be judged according to the instrument shaking direction, and the earthquake and earth split were essentially different. In the instrument manufacture,Zhang Heng advocated a principle of "making utensils to imitate cosmos". By this principle,the following three problems were readily solved: the seismoscope imitated the response of the suspension system to earthquakes( i. e. natural seismoscope). Technically,the trigger mechanism of the latch was used for reference,and it recorded the physical evidence of earthquake occurrence by an ingenious way of a ball dropping from a dragon's mouth. The solution of these three key problems lead to the emergence of the seismoscope in 132 A. D. and the successful detection of an earthquake in 134 A. D. His invention deepened humanity's knowledge of natural laws, and promoted the development of science and technology in that time and later.

Voltage-Based Hot-Spot Detection Method for Defective Cell in Photovoltaic Module Using Projector

This paper proposes a voltage-based hot-spot detection method for defective cells in PV module using projector. The presence of internal crystal defects is one of the main causes of hot-spot phenomenon in PV modules. Authors previously investigated the physical characteristics of hot-spot phenomenon referring to internal crystal defect. Based on it, a hot-spot detection method named as current-based SRC （self reverse current） detection method is developed. However, it becomes extraordinarily complicated to determine the defective cells under low illumination. In order to avoid this disadvantage, authors improve the SRC detection method by applying voltage. From the feasibility experiment results, it is confirmed that by calculating cell HSI （hotspots index） with voltage, the PV modules with defective cells can be prospectively excluded even under low illumination.

Relationships between vascular factors and plaque morphology in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Objective To investigate the relationships between vascular factors and plaque morphology in the patients with acute coronary syndrome（ACS）. Methods Intravascular ultrasound（lVUS） was performed on 56 consecutively enrolled patients with ACS. Cytometric bead array for seven vascular factors（sPE,t-PA, MCP-1, IL-8,1L-6,sVCAM-1, and sCD40L） was measured by cytometry. The others biomarkers were tested by ELISA or biochemistry. Differences in bio-factors were compared between vulnerable plaque and non- vulnerable plaque groups, accte myocardial infarction （AMI） and ustable angina （UA） patients, and occurring plaque rupture. The relationship between the parameters of morphology and vascular factors was analyzed. Results There were positive correlations between sVCAM-lsPE, sVCAM-I-sCD40L, sCD40L-sPE, IL-6-ILS,ILS-MCP1, and MCPI-sVCAM-1; CRP （18.868±4.907mg/L vs 5.806±3.553 mg/L）and IL-6 （19.5 pg/ml [9.2 - 44.6 pg/ml]vs 5.3 pg/ml [2.3- 13.4 pg/ml]）were elevated in the vulnerable plaque group（P 〈0.05）. sCD40L（473.82± 126.11 vs 237.94± 34.78 pg/ml）,sPE （107.21±39.90 vs 49.06 ±5.61ug/L） and MCP-1（132.42 ± 17.85 vs 127.17±13.27 pg/ml） were increased in the plaque rupture group（P 〈 0.05）;There was correlation between tPA and plaque morphology（P 〈 0.05）. Increases in sCD40L, MCP-1, sPE, and TC were independent factors for plaque rupture. Conclusions IL-6 and CRP may be biomarkers for vulnerable plaque and for diagnosis ofAMI, sCD40L, MCP-1 and sPE are potential markers when for plaque rupture patient present with severe ACS.

木醋杆菌静态发酵细菌纤维素的提纯及表征

利用木醋杆菌M12静态发酵生产制得细菌纤维素,分别经氢氧化钠(NaOH)等7种碱或强碱盐提纯处理后进行干燥,通过对细菌纤维素的含水率、复水率、物性测试及红外光谱分析,表征其结构和性能的差异。结果表明,改变碱和干燥处理方式不影响细菌纤维素的含水率;冷冻干燥处理的细菌纤维素的复水率较其它干燥方式明显提高,且不受处理碱种类的影响;处理碱对细菌纤维素的结构及硬度、凝聚性等物性指标均有显著影响,其中NaOH是较合适的处理碱,其处理的细菌纤维素膜质地优良,纯度高。

测定条件对面包TPA测定结果的影响

采用物性仪在不同条件下测定面包的质构特性评价参数值.研究发现:测试速率、两次压缩之间的停留时间和压缩比例对面包弹性测定结果影响显著;测试速率、压缩比例和测后速度对面包内聚性和咀嚼性测定结果影响显著;压缩比例对面包硬度测定结果影响显著.研究结果表明,选定一个合适的测定条件评价面包的质构特性是非常重要的.

A novel polymer-on-silicon Mach-Zehnder interferometer optical filter and the performance analysis based on spectrum-periodized theory

The analysis on the traditional asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer (AMZI) optical filter based on two 3 dB directional couplers (DCs) shows that by adding an additional nonlinear phase generated by phase-generating coupler (PGC) to the original phase difference of the AMZI, its non-periodic frequency response can be modified, and a strictly periodic spectrum can be obtained. A novel structure of the AMZI filter using two PGCs before and after the AMZI region is proposed. With the needed free spectrum range (FSR) of 20 nm, the design and optimization of the device are performed using polymer SU-8 as the core and PMMA-GMA as the buffer. Though the insertion loss (IL) gets larger than that of the traditional AMZI filter, the FSR is nearly uniform as the expected period of 20 nm.