基于物性指数的大地电磁信号多维度耦合正演与工程试验

为了采集和识别携带地层岩性信息的超低频大地电磁信号,在超低频大地电磁理论的基础上,系统分析了影响大地电磁信号的地层因素和干扰因素;建立物性指数模型,拟合波形和岩性的对应关系,从波形上提取岩层物性信息并赋值,纳入物性指数模型进行多维度耦合计算,有效减小了干扰因素对采集信号的影响。根据物性指数模型,设计了双层阵列扫频式传感器和大地物性探测仪,并开发出了相应的数据处理程序。经现场试验,仪器对地层完整性和富水区反应敏感,可对采空区、地下工程、地质构造、富水区等进行探测和识别,实现目标地质体的精细探测。

基于距离异常点的机械比能评价储层物性研究

在调研了大量国内外机械比能在石油钻探中的应用及储层物性评价模型的研究方法和实际应用的基础上,将结合塔东和松辽盆地的测录井数据以及相关物理实验,开展基于距离的异常点检测研究和应用,完善机械比能评价模型的研究方法,建立评价更加准确的机械比能评价储层物性模型,合理准确的评价该地区储层物性的好坏,为国家或石油公司开采石油的储层提前预测与评价的研究和行业发展趋势政策的选择提供决策性的依据。采用基于距离的异常点检测算法提取出了反映岩石储集层物性的特征参数(WOB,A_(b),T,RPM,ROP),通过确定标准化,和归一化后的特征参数,在实验中计算得到“物性指数”,来反映储层的物性,“物性指数”越大反映储层物性越差,相反,“物性指数”越小反应储集层的物性越好。最后实验结果表明,与普通算法相比,将基于距离的异常点检测算法应用到机械比能评价储层物性的模型中,储层物性评价结果准确率达到88.35%。

古近系储集层录井物性定量化评价方法探索

储集层物性评价是后续随钻储集层流体性质判断及测试计划实施的基础,但是利用录井技术进行储集层物性评价难度较大,常规定性评价方法常造成表征信息被掩盖、削弱而影响储集层物性随钻评价的准确性。为此,通过深入研究古近系地层岩石单元厚度、占比等沉积规律与岩石物性特征的关系,物性与油气水解释的关系等,利用数学方法分别建立了物性指数计算方法与含油性丰度指数计算方法,并在此基础上建立了相应的解释模型与评价标准,通过物性指数及含油性丰度指数在解释模板的落点或拟合计算落点区间对储集层物性与流体类型进行评价。研究表明,根据物性指数与测井孔隙度的关系、含油性丰度指数与油气水层的关系,可以进行孔隙度的预测与储集层孔隙度类型的划分及流体类型的解释。经过验证,物性解释与测井对比符合率为87.4%,流体类型解释符合率为91.0%,应用效果良好,可有效指导油气的勘探评价,具有借鉴和推广价值。

核磁共振测井T_(2cutoff)确定方法及适用性分析

T2cutoff是核磁共振测井中的一个重要参数,它决定了核磁共振测井测量的有效孔隙度、渗透率、自由流体饱和度、束缚水饱和度等参数的精确程度.目前国内外普遍选取的T2cutoff为:砂泥岩储层取33ms,碳酸盐岩储层取92ms.实际研究发现T2cutoff应是变化的量而并非单一值.简单的运用单一的T2cutoff来计算各种地层参数势必会产生误差甚至得出错误的解释结论.叙述了33ms作为T2cutoff的由来及其不合理性,同时分析了目前国内外确定T2cutoff的各种方法及其适用性.

利用测井资料评价低孔隙度低渗透率气层产能方法研究

针对苏里格气藏苏20区块独特的地质特点,充分利用岩心、测井及现场试气资料,应用岩心刻度及交会图技术,建立自然伽马测井曲线与岩石粒径、孔隙度之间的关系,确定了盒8及山1段有效储层的下限值。应用多元逐步回归技术,在优选出具有代表性变量的基础上,计算出能够充分反映储层物性的综合指数MVI。综合应用流体压缩系数法和视弹性模量差比法计算储层含气指数FG。提出打开储层质量系数QI概念,定义它为射孔厚度与压裂高度之和除以储层有效厚度。通过GR、MVI、FG、QI、有效厚度与试气产量的结合,将苏20区块盒8及山1段气层分为3类,确定了各类气层的产能及解释标准。为现场工程和地质射孔方案及压裂措施的设计提供了可靠的依据。经过20多口井的应用,效果显著。

压裂液的物理性质与最低流速的输送要求新联系

对于有效压裂区域的最优化在压裂设计工程中是一条主要的原则。有效压裂区域对于井的生产率是第一驱动要素，并且压裂区域的最优化常常是油气藏资源经济开发的关键点．通过多次使用大型的裂缝仪器来进行评估各种压裂液成分和处理参数对于支撑剂输送能力的影响。所获得的参数用来确定不同组成的混砂液输送的最小水平流速。通过使用新的模型，将压裂液成分的物性和泵注参数有机的结合起来，在压裂设计和应用中进行分辨与合并，对支撑裂缝长度进行优化．因此，这种模型效果很好。

伊通盆地梁家-万昌构造带束缚水饱和度研究

伊通盆地梁家构造带和万昌构造带属于近物源快速堆积,储层具有岩性多变、孔隙结构复杂、低含油气饱和度、高含水饱和度等特点,仅利用含油气饱和度参数不能有效地确定储层的流体性质,且测井解释符合率偏低。根据核磁共振实验资料,采用T_2谱面积比值法和T_2谱系数法分别计算束缚水饱和度,发现两种方法计算的结果准确且接近,可以作为研究区建模的基础数据。针对研究区实际地质特征,分构造带建立了两类束缚水饱和度模型。分析发现孔隙度建立模型不适用研究区复杂储层;综合物性指数建立束缚水饱和度模型与岩心分析束缚水结果吻合程度较好;因此根据研究区储层特点,基于核磁实验基础数据,选择综合物性参数建立的束缚水饱和度模型,大大提高了模型准确度,为流体识别、测井解释提供了依据。

A new method to construct reservoir capillary pressure curves using NMR log data and its application

By analyzing hundreds of capillary pressure curves, the controlling factors of shape and type of capillary pressure curves are found and a novel method is presented to construct capillary pressure curves by using reservoir permeability and a synthesized index. The accuracy of this new method is verified by mercury-injection experiments. Considering the limited quantity of capillary pressure data, a new method is developed to extract the Swanson parameter from the NMR T2 distribution and estimate reservoir permeability. Integrating with NMR total porosity, reservoir capillary pressure curves can be constructed to evaluate reservoir pore structure in the intervals with NMR log data. An in-situ example of evaluating reservoir pore structure using the capillary pressure curves by this new method is presented. The result shows that it accurately detects the change in reservoir pore structure as a function of depth.

核磁共振测井T2截止值的确定方法

在缺乏岩心核磁共振实验资料的情况下,确定合适的核磁共振测井T2截止值(即T2cutoff)对于准确评价地层非常重要。NHA井砂岩储层核磁共振束缚水饱和度对T2cutoff的敏感度分析表明,T2cutoff取值对低孔低渗层束缚水饱和度的计算影响较大,当T2cutoff从21.3ms变化至52.9ms,低孔低渗层束缚水饱和度的变化量高达22.7%。可通过对比其他高含油(气)饱和度地层常规资料含水饱和度与核磁共振束缚水饱和度差值来确定低孔低渗层合理的T2cutoff取值。通过拟合得到的NHA井储层核磁共振束缚水饱和度与储层物性指数及T2cutoff的经验关系式,可用于分析该地区储层核磁共振束缚水饱和度对T2cutoff的敏感性,以及估算某T2cutoff下的束缚水饱和度值。

Anisotropy rock physics model for the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir,Sichuan Basin,China

The preferred orientation of clay minerals dominates the intrinsic anisotropy of shale. We introduce the clay lamination （CL） parameter to the Backus averaging method to describe the intrinsic shale anisotropy induced by the alignment of clay minerals. Then, we perform the inversion of CL and the Thomsen anisotropy parameters. The direct measurement of anisotropy is difficult because of the inability to measure the acoustic velocity in the vertical direction in boreholes and instrument limitations. By introducing the parameter CL, the inversion method provides reasonable estimates of the elastic anisotropy in the Longmaxi shale. The clay content is weakly correlated with the CL parameter. Moreover, the parameter CL is abnormally high at the bottom of the Longmaxi and Wufeng Formations, which are the target reservoirs. Finally, we construct rock physics templates to interpret well logging and reservoir properties.

Effects of Different Vegetable Planting Modes on Soil Microbial Flora and Enzyme Activity

To investigate the effects of different vegetable growing regions and planting modes on soil quality,soils in high,medium and low altitude areas of Guizhou were respectively sampled under different vegetable efficient planting modes,and the variations of soil microbial flora and enzyme activities were analyzed. The soil microbial count and total bacteria of the vegetable efficient cultivation mode were significantly higher than that of the control （traditional planting mode） in each planting area,and the microbial diversity index was also improved to varying de- grees.The soil phosphatase,catalase and urease activities of the vegetable efficient planting mode were higher than that of the control.The soil catalase and urease activities were higher than that of the control by 1.37-1.44 and 1.51-2.80 times. Application of vegetable efficient planting mode in different regions will help to im- prove the soil quality in a given period.

Study on the Biological Diversity of Nematode-trapping Fungi in Erhai Lake

[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the biological diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in the sediment of Erhai Lake.[Method]616 pieces of sediments were collected from Erhai Lake.The traditional classification and identification methods were used to isolate,purify and identify.[Result]3 genera and 22 species of nematode-trapping fungi were isolated.Arthrobotrys oligospora,A.musiformis and Dactylella leptospora were the dominant species,and their detection rates were 28.05%,16.04% and 8.92% respectively.By analyzing the diversity of nematode-trapping fungi in four seasons,it was found that the biological diversity was richer in summer,spring and autumn,and the diversity indexes were 2.59,2.47 and 2.34 respectively.The diversity index in winter was 1.48 and was lower.Species forming the adhesive nets were predominant;positive rate was 41.00%.[Conclusion]The rich nematode-trapping fungi resource existed in Erhai Lake,and its biological diversity had the seasonal variation characteristic.The nematode-trapping fungi which formed the viscous net were the dominant species in Erhai Lake.

油层产能录井评价与预测方法研究与实践

油层产能评价与预测是一项极富挑战性的课题,测井在产能评价与预测方面开展工作较早,技术方法较为成熟,而录井在这方面的研究与实践尚处于起步阶段。储集层原油的产出主要由其含油丰度和物性所决定,以这两项参数作为录井储集层产能评价与预测的基础数据,以冀中探区饶阳凹陷肃宁、大王庄、留路等地区为研究对象,通过建立以气测全烃为源数据的含油指数和以dcs指数为源数据的物性指数模型,并确定两指数的计算方法,最终根据含油指数与物性指数构建产能预测图板,实现了油层产能的初步评价与预测。近3年来对饶阳凹陷36口井120层进行了产能评价与预测,其中有14口井33层得到试油验证,总体吻合率接近80%。

陇东地区延长组核磁共振录井解释评价方法研究

充分利用核磁共振录井获得的可动性参数和物性参数,是提高核磁共振录井解释评价准确性的关键。针对鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区中生界延长组部分致密储集层核磁共振录井所测含油饱和度偏高,以及现有解释不能充分体现物性好坏的问题,引用反映流体可动性的可动指数和反映储集层孔隙度和渗透率的物性指数两个参数,建立核磁共振录井解释图板。经过最近两年陇东地区的试油资料和实际应用验证,不同流体性质的可动指数和物性指数差异性明显,可动指数与物性指数图板能够准确划分不同流体性质,提高了核磁共振录井在陇东地区中生界延长组解释评价准确性。

XRF录井技术在砂岩型铀矿勘探中的应用

松辽盆地钱家店铀矿床为目前国内可地浸式开采的砂岩型铀矿床,研究已探明砂岩型铀矿床铀矿富集规律,可以为其他区块砂岩型铀矿床的勘探、开发提供指导性意见。运用XRF录井技术从岩石化学角度对铀矿赋矿砂岩类型、物性特征以及当前砂体所处氧化还原环境进行分析,对砂岩型铀矿富集规律进行总结,并根据XRF分析出的U、S元素建立砂岩型铀矿解释评价图板,解决了对砂岩型铀矿进行评价的难题。经过A井XRF录井铀矿评价结果与电测放射性评价结果比较,证实二者结论基本一致。研究成果在国内其他砂岩型铀矿工区的验证成功,表明XRF录井技术可以在砂岩型铀矿赋矿规律研究、矿层解释评价和勘探选址中发挥重要的作用。

Macrobenthos Community Structure and Its Relations With Environmental Factors in Three Reservoirs in Tianjin

[Objective] The aim was to research macrobenthos community structure and its relations with environmental factors in three reservoirs. [Method] Benthic diversity and water quality of Yuqiao Reservoir, Beidagang Reservoir and Er- wangzhuang Reservoir were investigated in May, July and September 2011, respec- tively. []Result] Of all the 14 sampling sites, 22 species of macroinvertebrates were collected, totally, which included 6 species of aquatic insects, 7 species of Mollusca, 2 species of Crustacean, 7 species of Oligochaeta. The species of macroinverte- brates during May, July and September in Yuqiao reservoir were 11, 8 and 10, respectively. The dominant species were Chironomus sinicus, and Monopylephorus limosus. The average density and biomass of the macrobenthos were 132.43 ind./m2 and 50.09 g/m2. Yuqiao reservoir was mostly at status of premediate polluted, according to the Margalef index, Shannon index and Pielou index. The species of during May, July and September in Beidagang reservoir were 5 5 and 5, respectively. The dominant species were Chironomus sinicus, Penaeus vannamei. The average density and biomass of the macrobenthos were 218 ind./m2 and 2.70 g/m2. Beidagang reservoir was mostly at status of heavy polluted, accord- ing to the Margalef index, Shannon-wiener index, Pielou index. The species of during May, July and September in Erwangzhuang reservoir were 3, 5 and 5, respectively. The dominant species were Monopylephorus limosus, Chi- ronomus sinicus. The average density and biomass of the macrobenthos were 104 ind/m2 and 0.20 g/m2. Erwangzhuang reservoir was mostly at status of intermediate polluted, according to the Margalef index, Shannon index, Pielou index. The density of zoobenthos in Yuqiao Reservoir was positively significantly correlated with TP （P〉 0.05）, negatively correlated with NH4＋-N （P〉0.05）, positively correlated with COD （P〈 0.01）, not significantly correlated with other environment factors （P〉0.05）. There was no significant correlation between biomass of zoobenthos and environment factors. The density of zoobenthos in Beidagang Reservoir with NH4＋-N was positively signif- icantly correlated （P〈0.05）, not significantly correlated with other aquatic environment factors （P〉0.05）. There was no significant correlation between biomass of zoobenthos and environment factors. The density of zoobenthos in Erwangzhuang Reser- voir with NO3-N was positively significantly correlated （P〈0.05）, not significant cor- related with other aquatic environment factors （F〉0.05）. The biomass of zoobenthos in Erwangzhuang Reservoir with NH4＋-N was positively significantly correlated （P〈 0.05）, not significant correlated with other aquatic environment factors （P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] It is indicated that this three reservoirs were all eutrophied and polluted, and the eurephication extent change of water in three reservoirs is as follows： Beidagang reservoir〉Erwangzhuang reservoir〉Yuqiao reservoir.

Characteristics of Phytoplankton and Its Correlation with Water Environment in SFTWs

[Objective] The aim was to carry out study on characteristics of phytoplankton and its correlation with water environment in SFTWs. [Method] Based on the pilot-scale SFTWs in Hongqiao transportation hub of Shanghai,phytoplankton＇s community structure,diversity index and their correlation with water purification performance were investigated. [Result] 57 species of seven phylum of phytoplankton were detected in this tested river,including 12 species of Cyanophyta,2 of Cryptophyta,10 of Bacillariophyta,1 of Xanthophyta,7 of Euglenophyta,1 of Pyrrophyta and 24 of Chlorophyta,respectively. Additionally,it was found that Cyanophyta was the dominant phytoplankton,followed by Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta. Biological density was far more than 10×105 ind./L,thus it could be considered that the river was eutrophic. The range of Shannon-Wiener index was 0.6-2.2,Pielou index was 0.5-2.5 and Margalef index＇s range was 0.35-0.85,which could further prove that the water was eutrophic. The biological density and species were significantly positively correlated with temperature and N content,indicating that the absorption of N by phytoplankton was the main N-removal pathway in SFTWs. [Conclusion] This study had provided basis for the river regulation and ecological restoration.

Multivariate Analysis of Community Structure Variation of Plankton and Zoobenthos in Municipal Polluted River

[Objective] The plankton and macrobenthos samples in municipal polluted river were analyzed by different methods, so as to explore the method suitable for biological data analysis in heavy polluted area. [Method] Shannon-Wiener diversity index, cluster analysis of multivariate statistical analysis and MDS （Non-matric Multi- dimentional Scaling）analysis were used to analyze biological data of phytoplankton, zooplankton and Zoobenthos collected from the representative municipal polluted river in Pearl River Delta. The sediment samples were also collected to determine. Pb, Cd, Hg, Cr, As, Cu, Ni, Zn, as well as CODe, and NH3-N of porewater. Hakanson potential ecological risk index method was used to evaluate the ecological risk. [Re- suit] Shannon-Wiener diversity index analysis results can not effectively reflect the difference of pollution status of various stations in heavy polluted area; despite the presence of some problems, multivariate analysis method is superior to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index method in biological monitoring of heavy polluted river in the city. [Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for biological data analysis in heavy polluted area.

利用压汞资料计算复杂断块油藏油水相对渗透率曲线

复杂断块油藏具有非均质严重、油水关系复杂的特点,常规方法获取的相对渗透率曲线很难反映出复杂断块油藏的特点。文中结合分形理论,应用Purcell和Burdine相对渗透率计算方法,推导计算出不同毛细管力曲线对应的油水相渗曲线,并利用物性综合指数进行分类,确定实际油藏内部的多套渗流规律及非均质情况。结合唐家河油田实际数据进行相渗曲线计算、分类及应用,得到的历史拟合结果更符合复杂断块油藏的实际渗流规律,为油藏开发评价及油藏精细数值模拟研究提供数据支持。

碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构评价方法——以土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田为例

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