基于浅剖仪的河道构筑物物性特征识别及其应用

基于水下摄像的检测方式受环境及探测目的限制,检测效率和效果不尽如人意,浅剖仪则更能发挥其长处,特别适合于坝体水下构筑物的精准检测。本文研究分析了大坝水下构筑物与相关界面的物性特征,介绍了使用的浅剖仪特性,通过黄河河道根石探测应用实例展示了浅剖仪的检测效果和使用心得体会,以供业内人员参考。

Preparation and interface state of phosphate tailing-based geopolymers

The long-term storage of phosphate tailings will occupy a large amount of land,pollute soil and groundwater,thus,it is crucial to achieve the harmless disposal of phosphate tailings.In this study,high-performance geopolymers with compressive strength of 38.8 MPa were prepared by using phosphate tailings as the main raw material,fly ash as the active silicon-aluminum material,and water glass as the alkaline activator.The solid content of phosphate tailings and fly ash was 60% and 40%,respectively,and the water-cement ratio was 0.22.The results of XRD,FTIR,SEM-EDS and XPS show that the reactivity of phosphate tailings with alkaline activator is weak,and the silicon-aluminum material can react with alkaline activator to form zeolite and gel,and encapsulate/cover the phosphate tailings to form a dense phosphate tailings-based geopolymer.During the formation of geopolymers,part of the aluminum-oxygen tetrahedron replaced the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron,causing the polycondensation reaction between geopolymers and increasing the strength of geopolymers.The leaching toxicity test results show that the geopolymer has a good solid sealing effect on heavy metal ions.The preparation of geopolymer from phosphate tailings is an important way to alleviate the storage pressure and realize the resource utilization of phosphate tailings.

2.5D重磁震联合反演在南黄海地质研究中的应用

以南黄海最新测量的2条重力、地震综合剖面为例,介绍了2.5D重磁震联合反演技术在南黄海综合地质地球物理研究中的应用,结果表明利用联合反演的方法可以检验地震解释结果,并通过反演为地震解释提供参考信息,以重磁为辅助手段,能有效提高地震解释的精确度。

地震映像法在溶洞探测中的应用

建筑工地溶洞的存在严重影响了建筑施工及建筑物的安全,施工前探明场地溶洞的分布及规模是建筑施工安全质量得到保证的前提。选取地震映像法作为勘察手段,对某拟建住宅小区场地范围内隐伏溶洞进行了探测,通过对探测资料成果的解译基本上明确了场地范围内隐伏溶洞的分布数目及规模大小。

Effects of Fe-Al intermetallic compounds on interfacial bonding of clad materials

The growth of intermetallic compounds at the interface between solid Al and Fe and the effects of intermetallic compound layers on the interfacial bonding of clad materials were investigated. The results showed that the interface between the solid Fe and Al formed by heat-treatment consisted of Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 intermetallic compound layers, which deteriorated the interfacial bonding strength. Fractures occurred in the intermetallic compound layer during the shear testing. The location of the fracture depended on the defects of microcracks or voids in the intermetallic compound layers. The microcracks in the intermetallic compound layer were caused by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of materials during cooling, and the voids were consistent with the Kirkendall effect. The work will lay an important foundation for welding and joining of aluminum and steel, especially for fabrication of Al-Fe clad materials.

Determination of interfacial adhesive properties for polymeric film by blister test

The interfacial adhesive properties ofpolypropylene/stainless steel were studied by the blister test. The polypropylene film with a squared free-standing window was pressured by oil from one side of film. The corresponding deformation field was observed by a digital speckle correlation method. The experimental results show that the squared film deforms and debonds from stainless steel with the increase of pressure. The debonding of the squared film in initiates from the center of edge and extends to the comer, and then the deformation of film evolves from square to circle shape. The interfacial adhesive energy of polypropylene/stainless steel is （22.60±1.55） J/m2, which is in agreement with that measured by film with a circular window.

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and thermophysical properties of diamond/2024 Al composites

50%diamond particle （5μm） reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix （diamond/2024 Al） composites were prepared by pressure infiltration method. Diamond particles were distributed uniformly without any particle clustering, and no apparent porosities or significant casting defects were observed in the composites. The diamond-Al interfaces of as-cast and annealed diamond/2024 Al composites were clean, smooth and free from interfacial reaction product. However, a large number of Al2Cu precipitates were found at diamond-Al interface after aging treatment. Moreover, needle-shaped Al2MgCu precipitates in Al matrix were observed after aging treatment. The coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） of diamond/2024 Al composites was about 8.5×10-6 °C-1 between 20 and 100 °C, which was compatible with that with chip materials. Annealing treatment showed little effect on thermal expansion behavior, and aging treatment could further decrease the CTE of the composites. The thermal conductivity of obtained diamond/2024 Al composites was about 100 W/（m？K）, and it was slightly increased after annealing while decreased after aging treatment.

Interface and Surface Properties of Nano-hydroxyapatite /Poly (1,4-PhenyleneSulfide)-Poly(2,4-Phenylene Sulfide Acid) Copolymer Composite

The interface and surface properties of nano-hydroxyapatite(n-HA) and poly( 1, 4-phenylene sulfide)-poly (2,4-phenylene sulfide acid)(PPS-PPSA) copolymer composite were investigated. The results show that there are some strong interface combinations of calcium ion (Ca2+ ), car-boxyl (-COO- ) and phosphate radicle ion (PO_4~3- ) between copolymer and n-HA in the composite. The presence of the 2,4-phenylene sulfide acid in copolymer can increase the affinity to n-HA, which causes the formation of chemical bindings between the PPS-PPSA copolymer and n-HA. XRD analysis and IR surface analysis indicate that n-HA is not encapsulated by copolymer but exposed on the surface of the composite, and has same structure and properties with the origi-nal n-HA. The presence of the interface chemical bindings between the PPS-PPSA copolymer and n-HA can increase the content of n-HA in composite but does not cause the decrease of the composite mechanical strength.

An Experimental Study on Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Flooding Systems Using Natural Mixed Carboxylate

Orthogonal-test-design method has been used to determine the optimal formula by phase behavior and interfacial tension studies, respectively. The effect of each component of two alkaline/surfactant/polymer flooding systems on interfacial tension is discussed, in which a low-price natural mixed carboxylate (SDC) is used as the major surfactant. The results indicate that the optimal composition is SDC (0.5%), alkaline NaHCO3/Na2CO3 with mass ratio of 1 (1.0%), and hydrolyzed polyacrylamide(0.1%). In the coreflood experiment, their oil recovery is increased by about 25.2% and 26.8% original oil in place, respectively.

Physicochemical Parameters for Biological and Synthetic Surfactants Used as Detergents

Biological and synthetic surfactants were compared in terms of their ability to reduce interfacial tension, change the thermodynamic characteristics of a pre-conditioned surface, and to modify the rheological properties of their respective formulations at two different temperatures. Both classes of suffactants were able to reduce the inteffacial tension of their formulations to a similar level. However, the biosurfactants were more effective than the synthetics surfactants. Biosurfactants also altered the surface properties of stainless steel, rendering it hydrophilic. Microbial adhesion to stainless steel conditioned with biosurfactants was found to be thermodynamically unfavorable for all microbial strains tested. A linear relationship between shear stress and shear rate was obtained across a range of experimental conditions for all surfactant mixtures, indicating that all formulations behaved as Newtonian fluids.

Mechanistic insights for efficient inactivation of antibiotic resistance genes: a synergistic interfacial adsorption and photocatalytic-oxidation process

Advanced oxidation processes(AOPs) have been applied to address multiple environmental concerns including antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs). ARGs have shown an increasing threat to human health,and they are either harbored by antibiotic-resistant bacteria(ARB) or free in the environment.However, the control of ARGs has been substantially limited by their low concentration and the limited knowledge about their interfacial behavior. Herein, a novel AOP catalyst, Ag/TiO_(2)/graphene oxide(GO),combined with a polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane was designed with a synergistic interfacial adsorption and oxidation function to inactivate ARGs with high efficiency in both model solutions and in secondary wastewater effluent, especially when the residue concentration was low.Further analysis showed that the mineralization of bases and phosphodiesters mainly caused the inactivation of ARGs. Moreover, the interfacial adsorption and oxidation processes of ARGs were studied at the molecular level. The results showed that GO was rich in sp^(2) backbones and functional oxygen groups,which efficiently captured and enriched the ARGs via p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds. Therefore,the photogenerated active oxygen species attack the ARGs by partially overcoming the kinetic problems in this process. The Ag/Ti O2/GO catalyst was further combined with a PVDF membrane to test its potential in wastewater treatment applications. This work offers an efficient method and a corresponding material for the inactivation and mineralization of intra/extracellular ARGs. Moreover, the molecularlevel understanding of ARG behaviors on a solid–liquid interface will inspire further control strategies of ARGs in the future.

BOUNDARY CONTROL OF TWO PDE'S SEPARATED BY INTERFACE CONDITIONS

This paper discusses the null boundary controllability of two PDE's,modeling a compositesolid with different physical properties in each layer.Interface conditions are imposed.

Phase behavior and interfacial properties of symmetric polymeric ternary blends A/B/AB

In this paper, the phase behavior and interracial properties of symmetric ternary polymeric blends A/B/AB are studied by dissipative particle dynamics （DPD） simulations. By using the structure factor and nematic order parameter, we carefully characterized the diversified phases and phase transitions, and established the phase diagram of such symmetric ternary blends. It can be generally divided into four regions： disordered phase （DIS） region at high temperature, ordered lameUar phase （LAM） region, bicontinuous microemulsion （BμE） channel and phase-separated phase （2P） region at low temperature with the increase of the total volume fractions of homopolymers φn, which shows good accordance with that in previous experimental and theoretical reports. Furthermore, we calculated the elastic constants of 2P and LAM phase, and discussed the transition mechanisms from 2P and LAM to BμE phase, respectively. The results show a direct relevance between the phase transitions and the change of interfacial properties. Finally, we also demonstrate that the B,uE channel becomes narrower in lower temperature caused by the temperature dependence of interfacial properties of ternary blends.

Intrinsically inert hyperbranched interlayer for enhanced stability of organic solar cells

Device stability becomes one of the most crucial issues for the commercialization of organic solar cells(OSCs) after high power conversion efficiencies have been achieved. Besides the intrinsic stability of photoactive materials, the chemical/catalytic reaction between interfacial materials and photoactive materials is another critical factor that determines the stability of OSC devices. Herein, we design and synthesize a reaction-inert rylene diimide-embedded hyperbranched polymer named as PDIEIE, which effectively reduces the work function of indium tin oxide electrode from 4.62 to 3.65 eV. Meanwhile, PDIEIE shows negligible chemical reaction with high-performance photoactive materials and no catalytic effect under strong ultraviolet illumination, resulting in much better photo-stability of OSCs with PDIEIE cathode interlayer(CIL), relative to the traditional CILs, including most-widely used metal oxides and polyethyleneimine derivatives.

A strong Lewis acid imparts high ionic conductivity and interfacial stability to polymer composite electrolytes towards all-solid-state Li-metal batteries

The development of high-performance solid polymer electrolytes is crucial for producing all-solid-state lithium metal batteries with high safety and high energy density.However,the low ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes and their unstable electrolyte/electrode interfaces have hindered their widespread utilization.To address these critical challenges,a strong Lewis acid(aluminum fluoride(AIF_(3)))with dual functionality is introduced into poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based polymer electrolyte.The AlF;facilitates the dissociation of lithium salt,increasing the iontransfer efficiency due to the Lewis acid-base interaction;further the in-situ formation of lithium fluoride-rich interfacial layer is promoted,which suppresses the uneven lithium deposition and continuous undesired reactions between the Li metal and PEO matrix.Benefiting from our rational design,the symmetric Li/Li battery with the modified electrolyte exhibits much longer cycling stability(over 3600 h)than that of the pure PEO/lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)electrolyte(550 h).Furthermore,the all-solid-state LiFeP04 full cell with the composite electrolyte displays a much higher Coulombic efficiency(98.4%after 150 cycles)than that of the electrolyte without the AlF;additive(63.3%after 150 cycles)at a large voltage window of 2.4-4.2 V,demonstrating the improved interface and cycling stability of solid polymer lithium metal batteries.

Propagation of Surface Plasmon Polariton in the Single Interface of Gallium Lanthanum Sulfide and Silver

The propagation characteristics of the surface-plasmon-polariton （SPP） mode in the single interface of silver （Ag） and gallium lanthanum sulfide （GLS） have been studied both analytically and numerically. The obtained numerical results show an excellent agreement with the analytical ones. The locations of the spatial resonance point along the direction of propagation were determined for the dielectric and the metal.