In this study, Bacil us amyloliquefaciens A3 was continual y incubated in shake fIasks contalning wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an ef-fective biofertiIizer for cuItivation of Brassica juncea var. m...In this study, Bacil us amyloliquefaciens A3 was continual y incubated in shake fIasks contalning wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an ef-fective biofertiIizer for cuItivation of Brassica juncea var. multiceps（XueIihong）. Based on pot experiments in the greenhouse, the effects of chemical fertiIizers （CN）, biofertiIizer （BF）, inactivated broth （BI）, starch wastewater （SW） and the combination of biofertiIizer and chemical fertiIizer （BC） on the yield, NO3- content and NO2- con-tent of XueIihong, soiI physicochemical properties and N2O emission were investi-gated. The resuIts showed that the yield of XueIihong in BC and CN treatments was improved by five times compared with CK; BF and SW treatments had insignifi-cant impact on the yield of XueIihong. Compared with CN treatment, BCL treatment exhibited simiIar improving effects on the yield of XueIihong, in which NO3- content of XueIihong and soiI was reduced by 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%, which reduced the risk of nitrogen eIuviations in soiI; average N2O fIux （FPV30） in BCL treatment was reduced by 58.3%-73.1% compared with CN treatment. In concIusion, B. amy-loliquefaciens is a feasibIe Iow-cost biofertiIizer for sustalnabIe vegetabIe farming with a great potential for starch wastewater utiIization.展开更多
Oxy fuel combustion and conventional cycle(currently working cycle) in Kazeroon plant are modeled using commercial thermodynamic modeling software. Economic evaluation of the two models regarding the resources of tran...Oxy fuel combustion and conventional cycle(currently working cycle) in Kazeroon plant are modeled using commercial thermodynamic modeling software. Economic evaluation of the two models regarding the resources of transport and injection of carbon dioxide into oil fields at Gachsaran for enhanced oil recovery in the various oil price indices is conducted and indices net present value(NPV) and internal rate of return on investment(IRR) are calculated. The results of the two models reveal that gross efficiency of the oxy fuel cycle is more than reference cycle(62% compared to 49.03%), but the net efficiency is less(41.85% compared to 47.92%) because of the high-energy consumption of the components, particularly air separation unit(ASU) in the oxy fuel cycle. In this model, pure carbon dioxide with pressure of 20×105 Pa and purity of 96.84% was captured. NOX emissions also decrease by 4289.7 tons per year due to separation of nitrogen in ASU. In this model, none of the components of oxy fuel cycle is a major engineering challenge. With increasing oil price, economic justification of oxy fuel combustion model increases. With the price of oil at $ 80 per barrel in mind and $ 31 per ton fines for emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, IRR is the same for both models.展开更多
Waste plastics are one of the biggest environmental concerns the world faces today. Waste plastics exposure to the environment is very hazardous. Over time waste plastics photo-degrade and become very tiny dust partic...Waste plastics are one of the biggest environmental concerns the world faces today. Waste plastics exposure to the environment is very hazardous. Over time waste plastics photo-degrade and become very tiny dust particles. These dust particles contain very harmful compounds including benzene, sulfur, carbon and many others. According to studies, waste plastic pollutions are one of the biggest reasons for the depletion of the ozone layer and contributor of global warming. Many scientists have been trying to figure out how to utilize these waste plastics and convert them into useful energy sources. It is possible to convert waste plastics into energy because they are made from petroleum. Scientists have succeeded in developing many methods including pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, thermal degrading and others. The purpose of this experiment is to convert these environmentally harmful waste materials into useful energy source using simple and viable methods. A particular thermal degradation process was successful in extracting fuel from waste plastics at 370-420 ~C. In this paper we will discuss our performed experiment and provide detailed analysis of the produced fuel. Thorough instrumental analysis of the produced fuel showed very considerable results including high energy contents, low levels of harmful emissions and compatibility with various types of existing appliances.展开更多
Between the alternative sources available for the electricity production, still lacks reliability for the production in base units. For the electricity production from 500 MW to 1,000 MW or more, the coal-fired therma...Between the alternative sources available for the electricity production, still lacks reliability for the production in base units. For the electricity production from 500 MW to 1,000 MW or more, the coal-fired thermal and nuclear power plants with uranium have proved competitive and with a high level of reliability and maturation, besides presenting the fuel supply security. This paper presents an analysis of technical feasibility for the choice of the best technology for generating electricity on a large scale, based on coal-fired thermal or nuclear power plant using uranium. This paper takes in account the availability of fuel sources, investments costs, thermal power generation systems, pollutants emission and mitigation technologies, global efficiency, fuel consumption, costs of electricity, construction time and an average lifespan of the installation. Thus the analysis allows the most rational choice of technology for the production of electricity with lower electricity costs and lower COz emissions.展开更多
Energy security and CO2 reduction are one of the most important issues as well as food matter in the 21st century. Power storage and power generation will contribute to solution of these issues. Electrochemical storag...Energy security and CO2 reduction are one of the most important issues as well as food matter in the 21st century. Power storage and power generation will contribute to solution of these issues. Electrochemical storage of Li-ion batteries is widely applied in mobile applications, and the new application for automobile using has been actively developed and partially realized. And the Li-ion battery storage in smart grid systems is also expected. Automobile use and storage use have large market size same as the size of memory semiconductor. For these diverse applications, material research and development are key technologies. From power generation, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are much expected as new technology devices. The business model is important to realize these new devices considering the value compared with the existing methods.展开更多
New researches on serious public health problems such as respiratory disease, heart attacks, and premature deaths, show the threat of air and environmental pollution on human＇s health. Exhausting greenhouse gases for...New researches on serious public health problems such as respiratory disease, heart attacks, and premature deaths, show the threat of air and environmental pollution on human＇s health. Exhausting greenhouse gases for electrical energy production in fossil fueled power plants is one of the major reasons of environmental pollutions. Increasing energy demand has made global concerns about the environmental pollutions of fossil power plants. In this article, fossil power plant productive pollutants such as Sulfur Dioxide, Mercury, and Carbon Dioxide, are investigated. On the other hand, nuclear power plant and its produced waste are discussed as the future power generation source. In this article, fossil and nuclear power plants are compared as power sources, pollutants, and their environmental effects. First, investigations are made on fossil power plants and their effects on environment and climate changes. On the other hand, nuclear power plants are discussed as a possible replacement for fossil power plants. In this part, effects of radiation on human health and environment like important nuclear accidents are investigated. This paper summarizes several types of power plants and it is deduced that the nuclear power plant is more clean energy producer in comparison to other power plants.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZZD-EW-09-3,KZZD-EW-11-03)National Science and Technology Major Project(2014ZX07204-005)Special Fund of the National Academy Alliance(2012-1)~~
文摘In this study, Bacil us amyloliquefaciens A3 was continual y incubated in shake fIasks contalning wastewater from sweet potato starch production as an ef-fective biofertiIizer for cuItivation of Brassica juncea var. multiceps（XueIihong）. Based on pot experiments in the greenhouse, the effects of chemical fertiIizers （CN）, biofertiIizer （BF）, inactivated broth （BI）, starch wastewater （SW） and the combination of biofertiIizer and chemical fertiIizer （BC） on the yield, NO3- content and NO2- con-tent of XueIihong, soiI physicochemical properties and N2O emission were investi-gated. The resuIts showed that the yield of XueIihong in BC and CN treatments was improved by five times compared with CK; BF and SW treatments had insignifi-cant impact on the yield of XueIihong. Compared with CN treatment, BCL treatment exhibited simiIar improving effects on the yield of XueIihong, in which NO3- content of XueIihong and soiI was reduced by 16.4%-73.6% and 22%-29%, which reduced the risk of nitrogen eIuviations in soiI; average N2O fIux （FPV30） in BCL treatment was reduced by 58.3%-73.1% compared with CN treatment. In concIusion, B. amy-loliquefaciens is a feasibIe Iow-cost biofertiIizer for sustalnabIe vegetabIe farming with a great potential for starch wastewater utiIization.
文摘Oxy fuel combustion and conventional cycle(currently working cycle) in Kazeroon plant are modeled using commercial thermodynamic modeling software. Economic evaluation of the two models regarding the resources of transport and injection of carbon dioxide into oil fields at Gachsaran for enhanced oil recovery in the various oil price indices is conducted and indices net present value(NPV) and internal rate of return on investment(IRR) are calculated. The results of the two models reveal that gross efficiency of the oxy fuel cycle is more than reference cycle(62% compared to 49.03%), but the net efficiency is less(41.85% compared to 47.92%) because of the high-energy consumption of the components, particularly air separation unit(ASU) in the oxy fuel cycle. In this model, pure carbon dioxide with pressure of 20×105 Pa and purity of 96.84% was captured. NOX emissions also decrease by 4289.7 tons per year due to separation of nitrogen in ASU. In this model, none of the components of oxy fuel cycle is a major engineering challenge. With increasing oil price, economic justification of oxy fuel combustion model increases. With the price of oil at $ 80 per barrel in mind and $ 31 per ton fines for emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, IRR is the same for both models.
文摘Waste plastics are one of the biggest environmental concerns the world faces today. Waste plastics exposure to the environment is very hazardous. Over time waste plastics photo-degrade and become very tiny dust particles. These dust particles contain very harmful compounds including benzene, sulfur, carbon and many others. According to studies, waste plastic pollutions are one of the biggest reasons for the depletion of the ozone layer and contributor of global warming. Many scientists have been trying to figure out how to utilize these waste plastics and convert them into useful energy sources. It is possible to convert waste plastics into energy because they are made from petroleum. Scientists have succeeded in developing many methods including pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, thermal degrading and others. The purpose of this experiment is to convert these environmentally harmful waste materials into useful energy source using simple and viable methods. A particular thermal degradation process was successful in extracting fuel from waste plastics at 370-420 ~C. In this paper we will discuss our performed experiment and provide detailed analysis of the produced fuel. Thorough instrumental analysis of the produced fuel showed very considerable results including high energy contents, low levels of harmful emissions and compatibility with various types of existing appliances.
文摘Between the alternative sources available for the electricity production, still lacks reliability for the production in base units. For the electricity production from 500 MW to 1,000 MW or more, the coal-fired thermal and nuclear power plants with uranium have proved competitive and with a high level of reliability and maturation, besides presenting the fuel supply security. This paper presents an analysis of technical feasibility for the choice of the best technology for generating electricity on a large scale, based on coal-fired thermal or nuclear power plant using uranium. This paper takes in account the availability of fuel sources, investments costs, thermal power generation systems, pollutants emission and mitigation technologies, global efficiency, fuel consumption, costs of electricity, construction time and an average lifespan of the installation. Thus the analysis allows the most rational choice of technology for the production of electricity with lower electricity costs and lower COz emissions.
文摘Energy security and CO2 reduction are one of the most important issues as well as food matter in the 21st century. Power storage and power generation will contribute to solution of these issues. Electrochemical storage of Li-ion batteries is widely applied in mobile applications, and the new application for automobile using has been actively developed and partially realized. And the Li-ion battery storage in smart grid systems is also expected. Automobile use and storage use have large market size same as the size of memory semiconductor. For these diverse applications, material research and development are key technologies. From power generation, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Dye Sensitized Solar Cell are much expected as new technology devices. The business model is important to realize these new devices considering the value compared with the existing methods.
文摘New researches on serious public health problems such as respiratory disease, heart attacks, and premature deaths, show the threat of air and environmental pollution on human＇s health. Exhausting greenhouse gases for electrical energy production in fossil fueled power plants is one of the major reasons of environmental pollutions. Increasing energy demand has made global concerns about the environmental pollutions of fossil power plants. In this article, fossil power plant productive pollutants such as Sulfur Dioxide, Mercury, and Carbon Dioxide, are investigated. On the other hand, nuclear power plant and its produced waste are discussed as the future power generation source. In this article, fossil and nuclear power plants are compared as power sources, pollutants, and their environmental effects. First, investigations are made on fossil power plants and their effects on environment and climate changes. On the other hand, nuclear power plants are discussed as a possible replacement for fossil power plants. In this part, effects of radiation on human health and environment like important nuclear accidents are investigated. This paper summarizes several types of power plants and it is deduced that the nuclear power plant is more clean energy producer in comparison to other power plants.
