物料添加顺序对香菜猪肉丸弹性和多汁性的影响

针对市售猪肉丸产品口感软、弹性脆度不足、多汁性差等问题,研究猪肉40.0%、鸡胸肉30.0%、谷氨酰胺转氨酶0.3%、肥膘12.0%添加顺序对产品弹性、多汁性的影响,通过感官评定法确定香菜猪肉丸最佳物料添加顺序工艺:猪肉和谷氨酰胺转氨酶第一步加入、鸡胸肉第二步加入、肥膘最后一步加入。试验为助力畜禽肉丸类产品研发、提升产品质量以及指导车间实际生产提供重要理论价值。

异形易碎小型固性物料的转运料装置构型设计与特性试验研究

目的针对一种易碎异形小型固性物料的添加需求,开发一种物料转运料装置。方法采用瞬态动力学仿真分析方法,运用ANSYS WorkBench软件对小型固性物料受到冲击碰撞进行瞬态动力学仿真分析,研究其可承受的最大转速。通过搭建平台进行实物转运料试验,验证该装置的可靠性和稳定性,得到为达到生产效益最大化的最优转速。结果仿真结果表明该物料最大承受转速为1200 r/min,否则物料失效。结论根据转运物料试验表明该装置结构设计合理,可满足在高速连续状态下转运料的工作要求,且在600 r/min时物料完好数最多,生产效率最高。

数据结构和指针在PLC编程中的灵活运用

对 PL C控制程序中常用的逻辑控制的控制原理进行了剖析 ,指出了该控制方式在广泛采用的计算机控制技术面前存在着的技术缺陷 ,同时指出 ,采用数据结构和指针控制是解决此类问题的一种有效办法。并以炼钢厂的物料添加系统为例 ,详细描述了数据结构和指针的控制过程 ,并将逻辑控制与数据结构和指针进行对比 ,指出了两种方式各自的特点。最后 ,提供了实际应用的显著成果 ,为从事工业控制工作的人员提供了参考。

EFFECTS OF RARE EARTH ELEMENT LANTHANUM ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF Ag-Cu-Ti SOLDER ALLOY

The effects of rare earth Lanthanum on the microstructure, the physical property and the microhardness of Ag-Cu-Ti solder alloy are studied. Experimental results indicate that the addition of Lanthanum can evidently improve the wettability and the microhardness of Ag-Cu-Ti solder alloy. Analysis results show that the increase in microhardness is related to the refining and uniform distribution of the intermetallic compounds. Proper content of Lanthanum added in Ag-Cu-Ti alloy solder can be controlled below 0.5% in mass percent.

Yeast Culture and Its Application in Feed

Yeast culture is a kind of green feed additive. It has been researched and applied widely in the feed industry. In this paper, the functions of yeast culture and its application in the actual production were discussed. It can be concluded that yeast culture has a great application prospect.

Complete mitochondrial genome of yellow meal worm （Tenebrio molitor）

The yellow meal worm （Tenebrio molitor L.） is an important resource insect typically used as animal feed additive. It is also widely used for biological research. The first complete mitochondrial genome of T. rnolitor was determined for the first time by long PCR and conserved primer walking approaches. The results showed that the entire mitogenome of T. molitor was 15 785 bp long, with 72.35% A＋T content [deposited in GenBank with accession number KF418153]. The gene order and orientation were the same as the most common type suggested as ancestral for insects. Two protein-coding genes used atypical start codons （CTA in ND2 and AAT in COX1）, and the remaining 11 protein-coding genes started with a typical insect initiation codon ATN. All tRNAs showed standard clover-leaf structure, except for tRNASer （AGN）, which lacked a dihydrouridine （DHU） arm. The newly added T. molitor mitogenome could provide information for future studies on yellow meal worm.

Effect of Dietary Olaquindox on the Growth of Large Yellow Croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea R.) and the Distribution of Its Residues in Fish Tissues

Olaquindox(OLA), one of quinoxaline-N, N-dioxides, has been put under ban. However it was used as a medicinal feed additive early; it promotes the growth of livestock and prevents them from dysentery and bacterial enteritis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of dietary OLA on the growth of large yellow croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea R.) and the histological distribution of OLA and its metabolite 3-methyl-quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid(MQCA) in fish tissues. Four diets containing 0(control), 42.5, 89.5 and 277.2 mg kg-1 OLA, respectively, were formulated and tested, 3 cages(1.0 m × 1.0 m × 1.5 m) each diet and 100 juveniles(9.75 ± 0.35 g) each cage. The fish were fed to satiation twice a day at 05:00 am and 17:00 pm for 8 weeks. The survival rate of fish fed the diet containing 42.5 and 89.5 mg kg-1 OLA was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diet containing 0 and 277.2 mg kg-1 OLA(P < 0.05), while the weight gain rate of fish fed the diet containing 42.5 and 89.5 mg kg-1 OLA was significantly higher than that of fish fed the diet without OLA(control)(P<0.05), but similar to that of fish fed the diet with 277.2 mg kg-1 OLA. Fish fed the diet with 277.2 mg kg-1 OLA had the highest content of OLA and MQCA in liver(3.44 and 0.39 mg kg-1, respectively), skin(0.46 and 0.09 mg kg-1, respectively) and muscle(0.24 and 0.06 mg kg-1, respectively). In average, fish fed the diet containing OLA had the highest content of OLA and MQCA in liver which was followed by skin and muscle(P < 0.05), whereas OLA and MQCA were not detectable in control. Our findings demonstrated that OLA and MQCA accumulated in large yellow croaker when it was fed with the diet containing OLA, thus imposing a potential safety risk to human health.

Effects of the dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides on the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in Miichthys miiuy fries

Effects of dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides on the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in Miichthys miiuy fries were investigated. Nine hundred Miichthys miiuy fries were divided into 3 groups, each with triplicates. The basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with carnitine groups were considered as the negative and positive controls respectively. Results showed that the nitrogen concentration in excreted feces decreased significantly in fries fed the diet supplementation with 1000×10?6 fructooligosaccharides and 200×10?6 carnitine (P<0.05). The ammonic-nitrogen concentration decreased significantly in the carnitine group only (P<0.05), indicating the decreasing tendency caused by the supplementation with fructooligosaccha-rides. Supplementation with both did not have significant effects on the concentration of phosphorus in feces of Miichthys miiuy fries.

Dechlorination Behavior of Mixed Plastic Waste by Employing Hydrothermal Process and Limestone Additive

The usage of plastic-impregnated waste derived solid fuel in conventional combustor is hindered by many technical factors, especially its organic chlorine content. In this paper, experimental study of hydrothermal treatment on mixed plastic waste using the mixture of polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride （PVC） has been performed to observe the dechlorination effect of hydrothermal treatment on the waste. The system was generally applying saturated steam at around 2.4 MPa in a stirring reactor for about 90 minutes. After undergoing the process, the organic chlorine in treated plastic waste was reduced to 1,700 ppm level while the inorganic chlorine content was increased, suggesting an organic chlorine conversion phenomenon to inorganic chlorine, accompanied with low pH due to dehydrochlorination process. Additional limestone （Ca（OH）2） in subsequent experiment showed that the similar phenomenon was occurred but with higher pH and lower chlorine content in the condensed water, suggesting the production of inorganic salt rather than hydrochloric acid. Laboratory scale experiment was also performed to confirm the dechlorination phenomena especially for PVC, and the result showed that the main parameter which affected the dechlorination phenomena was the amount of water in hydrothermal process rather than limestone addition. It is suggested that a combination ofhydrothermal process and alkali addition would produce a low-chlorine solid product from plastic waste, promoting its usage as alternative solid fuel.

Eggshell as a Source of Novel Bioactive Molecules

This review will focus on the more abundant eggshell specific matrix proteins localized in the chicken eggshell （cuticle layer eggshell matrix and shell membranes） that are involved in eggshell mineralization and protecting the egg against microbial contamination, including ovocalyxin-36, ovocleidin-17, ovocalyxin-32 and ovocalyxin-25. Further understanding of these proteins and their mechanisms in egg defence could lead to the development of novel neutraceuticals for human health, additives to animal feed for healthy flocks, or enhanced eggs for human consumption.

Phytogenic Feed Additive for Sows： Effects on Sow Feed Intake, Serum Metabolite Concentrations, IgG Level, Lysozyme Activity and Milk Quality

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence ofa phytogenic feed additive （PFA） to late-gestation （d 90） and lactation sows on their reproduction performance. Sixty Large White × Landrace primiparous sows were divided into four groups （fifteen sows per group）. The control group was fed with basal diet, the others were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% PFA, respectively. Compared with the control, the sows in 0.04% PFA group had higher feed intake during lactation and higher litter weaning weight （P 〈 0.05）. At farrowing, glucose level in 0.04% PFA sows was higher than the control and sows in 0.02% PFA had the highest IgG content among the treatments （P 〈 0.05）. On day 7 of lactation, serum urea nitrogen contents were lower in response to PFA supplementation compared to the control （P 〈 0.05）. At the same time, sows fed the 0.06% PFA diet increased the lysozyme activity （P 〈 0.05）. The levels of milk lactose and IgG were increased in 0.02% and 0.04% PFA groups （P 〈 0.05）. In conclusion, feeding PFA improved sows and litter performance, serum metabolite concentrations, lgG level and lysozyme activity at postpartum and milk quality.

Effect of Alternative Raw Materials on Resistance of Concrete to Chemical Actions

The results of experimental works aimed on finding the optimal composition of concretes containing alternative materials as mineral additives for assurance their high resistance to chemical aggressive attack are presented in the paper. 4 kinds of additives （blast furnace slag, fly ash, non-treated and treated serpentinite waste） and 4 kinds of aggressive environments （distilled water, HCI, MgSO4 and NaOH） representing the concrete corrosive processes was checked within experimental process. The open laboratory curing was used as a reference environment. Moreover, the amounts of additives were varied, so 16 various recipes were checked on the whole. The resistance of samples was tested in the terms of flexural strength, compressive strength and evaluation of decrease/increase of strengths after long time （28 months） exposition in monitored aggressive media. Based on obtained results, it is possible for each of aggressive environments recommend the most promising recipe from various points of view, in accordance with user＇s priorities. From the percentage increase of 28-day compressive strengths point of view, there are： for HCI action - recipe with 20% of non treated serpentinite waste with plasticizer application, for MgSO4 action - recipe with 20% of blast furnace slag without plasticizer application and for NaOH action - recipe with 10% of non treated serpentinite waste without plasticizer application. Application of alternative materials as partial substitution of cement appears to be beneficial for achievement the resistance to aggressive chemical actions. With the keeping or enhancement of technical parameters it extra represents both the environmental and economic benefit.

Eggs as a Very Promising Source of Biomedical and Nutraceutical Preparations： A Review

It is generally accepted that eggs besides being a source of everyday diet, can also be used as raw material for special food, nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic production. The biological activity of the majority of substances presented in egg matter is related to their anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties and their immunogenic features as well. Due to the use of new generation of feed additives and techniques of immunisation of hens, the chemical composition and biological features of eggs may be modified and enriched with desired components, like n-3 fatty acids （alpha-linolenic acid （ALA）, docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） phospholipids）, vitamins, microelements. Egg material may also be used for the production of new biopreparations for the prophylaxis of various civilisation diseases, such as heart and cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurogenerative disorders, metabolic bone diseases etc.. New progress in egg science allowed to discover new bioactive substances, like monomeric and dimeric cystatin and yolkin. It is necessary to develop efficient methods of isolation of biologically active substances contained in eggs, which would make it possible to produce new generation of diet supplements and biomedical products. It seems that new generation of eggs could be the best source for production of natural, high value nutraceutical supplements of diet, and also biomedical and biocosmetic preparations.

Effects of Chinese Herbmedicines as Feed Additives on Resistance of Trionyx sinensis to Diseases

In the-comparison between two experimental turtle (Trionyx sinensis) groups fed on the feed containing 1 % or 2% Chinese medicinal herb powder and the contrast group to which no Chinese herb was fed,no obvious difference of γ-globulin level in the turtles' serum was found,but the survival rate of the experimental groups was obviously higher than that of the contrast group,and cell immunity of the experimental groups was significantly higher when tested by subcutaneous injection of PHA.Meanwhile,the Chinese herb promoted the growth of the turtles.

Utilization of Hydrocarbons Obtained by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis： Application for Additive Production （Part Ⅱ）

New route of the utilization of products obtained by waste plastic pyrolysis has been investigated. ct-olefin-succinic-anhydride intermediate based on new experimental additives has been developed and used for achieving the better properties of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites. Hydrocarbon fractions were produced by the pure thermal pyrolysis of waste polymers in a tube reactor using 550 ℃ in the absence of oxygen. Selected compounds （C30-C50） from pyrolysis products have been used as raw materials in the additive synthesis step. Polymer composite specimens have been investigated among others by universal tensile machine, SEM （scanning electron microscopy） and FTIR （fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy） methods. The tensile strength could be increased by 29.9%, the E-modulus by 24.2% and the Charpy impact strength by 13.3% in the presence of the experimental additive. Fibre-matrix interaction has been studied on SEM micrographs of the fractured face of composites. The results of mechanical testes have been supported by the SEM micrographs and possible shames of the coupling have been proposed.