This study was carried out to determine nutritive value of pomegranate pomace using in situ and gas production techniques. In this study, two fistulated wethers （38 ± 1.5 kg） were used in situ method. The gas p...This study was carried out to determine nutritive value of pomegranate pomace using in situ and gas production techniques. In this study, two fistulated wethers （38 ± 1.5 kg） were used in situ method. The gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h and ruminal DM （dry matter） and CP （crude protein） disappearances were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. DM degradabilities of treated pomegranate pomace at 8 h to 96 h were larger than untreated pomegranate pomacewhich showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. CP degradabilities of treated pomegranate pomace at 96 h was 62.38% that showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. The metabolizable proteins of treated and untreated pomegranate pomace were 73 and 64.27 g/kg respectively that showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. The gas productions of treated and untreated pomegranate pomace at 48 h were 79.91 and 128.75 mL/g DM respectively that showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. It was concluded that the pomegranate pomace can be used largely as ruminant feeds.展开更多
The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of rece...The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of recently published literature regarding the life cycle assessment(LCA)of these binders.This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a systematic literature review of globally published literature on the topic.This paper consolidates knowledge by searching different databases,focusing on LCA studies that used AAMs as pastes,mortars,concretes,bricks,and rammed earth/soil blocks.The selected articles were reviewed and categorized based on precursors,alkaline activators,functional units,system boundaries,life cycle inventory databases,allocation,impact methodologies,and software used.Additionally,this paper also critically analyzes the key challenges of LCA for AAMs.The major challenges were identified as selecting a functional unit,subjectivity in boundary systems,and data interpretation.This work concludes that AAMs show substantial advantages in global warming potential compared to ordinary Portland cement-based materials;however,the average of other categories such as marine ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion has been reported to be higher than for the reference samples.展开更多
文摘This study was carried out to determine nutritive value of pomegranate pomace using in situ and gas production techniques. In this study, two fistulated wethers （38 ± 1.5 kg） were used in situ method. The gas production was measured at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h and ruminal DM （dry matter） and CP （crude protein） disappearances were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. DM degradabilities of treated pomegranate pomace at 8 h to 96 h were larger than untreated pomegranate pomacewhich showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. CP degradabilities of treated pomegranate pomace at 96 h was 62.38% that showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. The metabolizable proteins of treated and untreated pomegranate pomace were 73 and 64.27 g/kg respectively that showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. The gas productions of treated and untreated pomegranate pomace at 48 h were 79.91 and 128.75 mL/g DM respectively that showed significant differences （p 〈 0.05）. It was concluded that the pomegranate pomace can be used largely as ruminant feeds.
基金supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation,International Climate Protection Fellowship(Ref 3.5—1157991-IRN-IKS)This financial support is gratefully appreciated by Morteza Nikravan.Rafia Firdous and Dietmar Stephan highly acknowledge Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Energie(BMWi)for funding number 16KN046744.
文摘The physical-mechanical,chemical,and durability characteristics of alkali-activated materials(AAMs)have been widely investigated.However,a critical gap in the literature is the lack of a comprehensive overview of recently published literature regarding the life cycle assessment(LCA)of these binders.This study aims to fill that gap by conducting a systematic literature review of globally published literature on the topic.This paper consolidates knowledge by searching different databases,focusing on LCA studies that used AAMs as pastes,mortars,concretes,bricks,and rammed earth/soil blocks.The selected articles were reviewed and categorized based on precursors,alkaline activators,functional units,system boundaries,life cycle inventory databases,allocation,impact methodologies,and software used.Additionally,this paper also critically analyzes the key challenges of LCA for AAMs.The major challenges were identified as selecting a functional unit,subjectivity in boundary systems,and data interpretation.This work concludes that AAMs show substantial advantages in global warming potential compared to ordinary Portland cement-based materials;however,the average of other categories such as marine ecotoxicity and ozone layer depletion has been reported to be higher than for the reference samples.
