预冷：食品冷藏链的第一环

所谓预冷，是指在水果、蔬菜采收以后，预备贮藏或运输以前，除去其田间热，迅速将其冷却到适宜温度的一项措施。从某种意义上说，预冷就是食品冷藏链这种在低温条件下的物流现象的第一环。

Physically based modeling and animation of tornado

Realistic modeling and rendering of dynamic tornado scene is recognized as a challenging task for researchers of computer graphics. In this paper a new physically based method for simulating and animating tornado scene is presented. We first propose a Two-Fluid model based on the physical theory of tornado, then we simulate the flow of tornado and its interaction with surrounding objects such as debris, etc. Taking the scattering and absorption of light by the participating media into account, the illumination effects of the tornado scene can be generated realistically. With the support of graphics hardware, various kinds of dynamic tornado scenes can be rendered at interactive rates.

Introduction to the Turbulent Flows Theory An Axially-Symmetric Peaceful Flows

This paper introduces to fluid state physics （fluid mechanics） a new interpretation of physical phenomena taking place in a fluid in motion. It introduces the base of a new theory claiming that every flow has its own internal structure of motion, which is definite organization of motion, rather than a ＂molecular chaos＂, known from the fluid statics. The paper introduces the new notion of structures vector fields of power and momentum and shows every Newtonian fluid flows are dual in character. It shows that the flow of Newtonian fluid has a dual character. It demonstrates on models and further in mathematical interpretation of physical phenomena. It introduces, on the one hand, the cycloidal motion model into the fluid mechanics, ad on the other hand an addition to the known, the classical model of Poiseuille laminar motion. The theory of dualism （double nature of physical phenomena） allows the description of selected characteristics of the flow, either by using the theory ofcycloidal motion （semicycloidal）, or by using the supplemented theory of laminar motion. The dualism theory is useful to describe each type of flows both, laminar and turbulent. This paper is only an introduction to the theory. It has been assigned number 1. It has been granted a high priority, since it contains basic concepts that will be used in others, following papers of long cycle.

我国物流理论研究的误区

我国物流业已进入快速发展的时期,但物流理论研究在内容、方向与结构上仍然存在较大误区,适合我国国情的物流理论体系尚未形成,不足以指导物流业发展的实践。本文深入分析了我国物流理论研究的误区,并简要指出了正确的研究思路与方向,以此来指导物流理论体系的构建。

Multi-Physics CFD Simulations in Engineering

Nowadays Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） software is adopted as a design and analysis tool in a great number of engineering fields. We can say that single-physics CFD has been suffciently matured in the practical point of view. The main target of existing CFD software is single-phase flows such as water and air. However, many multi-physics problems exist in engineering. Most of them consist of flow and other physics, and the interactions between different physics are very important. Obviously, multi-physics phenomena are critical in devel- oping machines and processes. A multi-physics phenomenon seems to be very complex, and it is so difficult to be predicted by adding other physics to flow phenomenon. Therefore, multi-physics CFD techniques are still under research and development. This would be caused from the facts that processing speed of current computers is not fast enough for conducting a multi-physics simulation, and furthermore physical models except for flow physics have not been suitably established. Therefore, in near future, we have to develop various physical models and ef- ficient CFD techniques, in order to success multi-physics simulations in engineering. In the present paper, I will describe the present states of multi-physics CFD simulations, and then show some numerical results such as ice accretion and electro-chemical machining process of a three-dimensional compressor blade which were obtained in my laboratory. Multi-physics CFD simulations would be a key technology in near future.

A Numerical Investigation of Nanocomposite of Copper and Titanium Dioxide in Water Based Fluid Influenced by Instigated Magnetic Region

Presence of external electrical field plays a vital role in heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena. Keeping this in view present article is a numerical investigation of stagnation point flow of water based nanoparticles suspended fluid under the influence of induced magnetic field. A detailed comparative analysis has been performed by considering Copper and Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Utilization of similarity analysis leads to a simplified system of coupled nonlinear differential equations, which has been tackled numerically by means of shooting technique followed by Runge-Kutta of order 5. The solutions are computed correct up to 6 decimal places. Influence of pertinent parameters is examined for fluid flow, induced magnetic field, and temperature profile. One of the key findings includes that magnetic parameter plays a vital role in directing fluid flow and lowering temperature profile. Moreover, it is concluded that Cu-water based nanofluid high thermal conductivity contributes in enhancing heat transfer efficiently.

Marked ion current rectification in microchannels

Ion current rectification(ICR)is a physical phenomenon caused by asymmetric transport of anions and cations across an ion nanopore/channel,in which the ion current at a voltage of one polarity is much higher or lower than the one of opposite voltage polarity.Since ICR was first observed in a nanopipette in 1997,extensive research has been performed using various nanopores/nanochannels,revealing the applicability of ICR in various fields including fluidic logic circuits(i.e.,iontronics),energy conversion and storage,