离子选择性电极法测定药片中的奈福泮

报道一种以奈福泮与苦酮酸形成的缔合物为电活性物的新型PVC膜奈福泮离子选择电极 ,电极的Nernst响应范围为 5 .0× 10 - 2 ～ 5 .0× 10 - 4 mol L ;斜率为 5 6mV pC ;检测限为 7.9× 10 - 5mol L .已将该电极应用于盐酸奈福泮药片中测定奈福泮的含量 ,结果与紫外分光光度法相符 .

Determination of the Trace Element Contents in Plants Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

The aim of the study is to investigate the contents of trace element Se, Cd, Pb in three plants including burdock, ginkgol and garlic via graphite furnace atomic absorption and standard addition method. The results show that Se in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 32.40, 48.63, 38.10 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 0. 160 0, 0. 300 0, 0. 140 0 μg/g, respectively; Cd in burdock stem, skin and leaf are 2. 020, 3. 960, 2. 410 μg/g, respectively. In the ginkgo and ginko leaf, Se contents are 17.63 and 16.91 μg/g, respectively ; for Cd are 0. 181 0 and 0.2020μg/g, respectively ; for Pb are 3. 572 and 4. 021 μg/g, respectively. In garlic, Se, Cd and Pb are 73. 900 0, 6. 900 0 and 0. 390 0, respectively. All the standard deviations of measured results are below 2.3%, recovery rate are from 99% to 101%.

Proteiomic patterns for endometrial cancer using SELDI-TOF-MS

Serum samples from endometrial cancer (EC) patients and healthy females were analyzed using surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) to discover the potential diagnostic biomarker for detection of EC. A preliminary training set of spectra derived from 40 EC patients and 30 healthy women were used to develop a proteomic model that effectively discriminated cancer patients from healthy women. The training set had a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 92.5% in the EC detection. A blind test set, including 20 new cancer cases and 10 healthy women, was used to validate the sensitivity and specificity of this multivariate model, which had a corresponding results of 60% in specificity and 75% in sensitivity, respectively. The combination of SELDI-TOF-MS with bioinformatics tools could help find new biomarkers and establish the detection of EC with high sensitivity and specificity.

Acute Toxicity of Formalin to the Red-tide Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Schiller(Protozoa,Mastigophora)

The acute toxic levels of formalin to a marine red-tide dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Schiller (Mastigophora, Dinoflagellida) were determined by linear regression analysis. The data obtained revealed that there is a close regression relationship between logarithmic concentrations of formalin and mortality probit scales of the organism when exposure times are 1, 2, 6, 12, 24h. The median lethal concentrations (LC50 values) obtained from correlation analysis for these exposure times (with 95% confidence intervals), were 11.83, 6.76, 4.37, 4.27 and 3.98mgL-1, respectively. A toxicity curve was obtained to connect the exposure time and LC50 value from the correlation between them. The results indicated that P. minimum could be killed or fixed by formalin in the concentration range of 4-12mgL-1 within 1-24h.

Effect of Ammonium Fixation on Estimation of Soil Mi－crobial Biomass Nitrogen

The effect of ammonium fixation on the estimation of soil microbial biomass N was studied bv thestandard fumigation-incubation (FI) and fumigation-extraction (FE) methods. NO_3-N content of fumigatedsoil changed little during incubation, while the fixed NH in soils capable of fixing NH increased withthe increase of K_2SO_4-extractable NH_4-N. One day fumigation increased both extractable NH and fixedNH. However, prolonged fumigation gave no further increase. One day fumigation caused significant loss ofNO_3-N, while prolonged fumigation caused no further loss. For soils tested, the net increases of fixed NHin fumigated soil equaled to 0-94% of NH_4-N flush measured by the FI method, and 1-74% of extractable Nmeasured by the FE method, depending on different soils. It is concluded that the ammonium fixation wasone of the processes taking place in soils during fumigation as well as incubation after fumigation and shouldnot be neglected in the estimation of microbial biomass nitrogen by either FI or FE method.

Morphological and toxicity characteristics of Pseudo-nitzschia pungens strain PP0201-01 isolated from the East China Sea

The morphology and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia strain PP0201-01, isolated near the estuary of Changjiang (Yangtze) River in Year 2002 and tentatively identified as Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, were studied. The strain was identified morphologically as P. pungens using scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The ana- lytical results of LC-PDA (liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector), LC-MS (liquid chromatogra- phy with mass detector), and the toxicity data from mouse bioassay, showed that no domoic acid was produced by the strain. However, the mechanism of domoic acid production by Pseudo-nitzschia species is complicated. More works are needed to assess the toxic species and to evaluate the potential risk of amnesic shellfish poison- ing (ASP) in China.

EAG and behavioral responses of Helicoverpa armigera males to volatiles from poplar leaves and their combinations with sex pheromone

Electroantennogram (EAG) evaluation of selected compounds from wilted leaves of black poplar, Populus nigra, showed that phenyl acetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, (E)-2-hexenal elicited strong responses from male antennae of Helicoverpa armigera. When mixed with sex pheromone (Ph), some volatiles, e.g. phenyl acetaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, methylsalicylate, linalool, benzaldehyde, (Z)-3-hexenol, (Z)-3-hexenylacetate, (Z)-6-nonenol, cineole, (E)-2-hexenal, and geraniol elicited stronger responses from male antennae than Ph alone. Wind tunnel bioassay demonstrated that various volatiles could either enhance or inhibit the effect of synthetic sex pheromone. (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol and linalool in combination with Ph could not induce any male to land on source at all, whereas phenyl acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, (Z)-6-nonenol and salicylaldehyde combined with Ph enhanced male response rates by 58.63%, 50.33%, 51.85% and 127.78%, respectively, compared to Ph alone. These results suggested that some volatiles shouldmodify sex pheromone caused behavior and that some of them could possibly be used as a tool for disrupting mating or for enhancing the effect of synthetic sex pheromone in the field.

Antifungal Potential of Chenopodium album L. against Chickpea Blight

Chenopodium album L. （bathu） leaves and roots were selected to evaluate their antifungal potential against the Ascochyta rabiei responsible for chickpea blight that causes destructive yield losses. Methanolic extract of C. album leaves and roots was prepared and their various applied concentrations, viz., 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% were tested against A. rabiei. Leaf extracts were found more effective and showed significant antifungal activity over the root extracts. C. album leaf was found effective in screening bioassays, so this was subjected for fractional guided bioassays. Different various organic fractions of leaf extract were isolated, viz., n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. These isolated fractions were serially diluted to check their minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） along with a synthetic fungicide （72% WP, Puslan）. The MIC of various concentrations from 500 mg/mL to 1.95 mg/mL was recorded after 24 h and 48 h intervals. Ethyl acetate and synthetic fungicides were found most effectual in retarding conidial germination with MIC of 1.95 mg/mL after 48 h incubation periods. Chloroform fraction also inhibited the fungal growth whereas n-hexane and n-butanol fraction were found to be ineffective.

Determination of physical properties for the mixtures of [BMIM]Cl with different organic solvents

Physical properties including refractive index, density, viscosity and conductivity for binary mixtures of l-butyl- 3-methyl imidazolium chloride （[BMIM]CI） and different organic solvents at 298.15 K have been investigated. Ex- cess molar volumes have been calculated and obtained data has been fitted by the Redlich-Kister equation. The density and refractive index were found to increase with increasing concentration of [BMIM]CI, however, excep- tions do exist as in the case of dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO）/[BMIM]CI. For DMSO/[BMIM]CI, the density decreases with increasing concentration. The addition of different organic solvents was able to disrupt the interactions within mixtures, leading to free mobility of ions. The free mobility of ions has been found to enhance conductivity and decrease viscosity to varying extents in all mixtures studied. It has been observed that solubility parameters, dielectric constants and composition of the solvents used play a vital role in determining the resultant properties. The data obtained will play an important role in understanding the effect of the addition of organic solvents in ILs to enhance their applicability.

Quantity and Quality of Water in the River LermamLake Chapala Watershed, Mexico

Water overexploitation in the Lerma-Chapala Watershed, located in central Mexico, is linked to the development of a strong federal hydrocracy with the mission to capture as much water as possible in order to satisfy social and political demands through the construction of dams and irrigation systems. The reduction in freshwater quantity and the deterioration of water quality are the outcome of industrial inflows, agriculture and urban untreated wastewater. This study has been leaded to determine hydrological, water quality, seed bioassays and the lake fisheries＇ decreases throughout its historical tendencies （1980-2004） in relation to changes in water levels. Hydrological data and water samples for chemical analysis, inorganic nutrients and seed bioassay, were taken from 10 sites alongside the river and two sites from Lake Chapala in years 2005 and 2009, the WQINsF （National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index） was estimated. The dissolved oxygen along the river was from anoxic （0.4） to 7 mg/L and the lake had 6.75 mg/L to 7.36 mg/L; the river had highest nutrients variations, Ntot and Ptot 1 mg/L to 〉 10 mg/L. The lake had few physicochemical variations and the lowest nutrient concentrations; WQINsF （water quality index） in the river-lake system showed very bad-bad quality and contamination in river, bad quality-light contamination in lake. Seed bioassays showed inhibition of root elongation and declining fisheries when low water levels were presented. Chapala Lake had better physicochemical and limnological conditions because of the wind action and water column mixing; in contrast the river, high hidrological variations caused by water administration in middle basin.

Escamoles Ant Eggs Liometopumapiculatumm Source of Metal Ions for Human Health

The earth crust is believed to be made of a mass of minerals and is matched by their importance in human life. The human body, depend like other leaving organisms, on several minerals as essential constituents of its existence. Metal ions in foodstuff are in different chemical forms, as inorganic salts or organic molecules or complexes with other compounds such as proteins, amino acids, enzymes and some vitamins, among others, that play an important role in human health. Entomophagy, insect consumption by several ethnic groups in Mexico as cultural tradition since prehispanic era represent an option for population to obtain the minerals needed by the body to keep a good health. Escamoles ant eggs of the Liometopumapiculatum M genus, much appreciated either at rural communities as well as in urban cities, contain minerals with a favorable effect in human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the mineral composition of Escamoles and the benefits which can provide to the human body. Sampling was at an arid region of the Hidalgo state on April 2012. Minerals in dry basis, determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with the exception of phosphorus content, obtained from a triple acid digested extract and determined colorimetrically. Data of mineral analysis in dry basis of Escamoles were： total minerals 5.92%; Na 0.079%; K 0.075%; Ca 0.097%; P 0.701%; Fe 0.021%; Zn 0.035% Cu 0.009%; Mg 0.998%; Mn 0.002%. Minerals quantify are not equal to total ash contained because not all of them were assess determined. Elements concentration depends not only on the total mineral composition of foodstuff the inorganic or organic form or interaction among metal ions, but also on their availability and avail of them. Minerals in Escamoles ant eggs have a considerable influence in the condition of human health.

Determination of Rutin, Quercetin, Naringenin and Hesperetin in the Honey from Bosnia and Herzegovina （B ＆ H） in Relation to the Composition of Pollen

Today, consumers and producers makes more and more requests for determining the type of honey and its variety because its technological and medicinal qualities depends on the origin. There are many factors which affect on the quality of honey, but the most important is geographical and botanical origin of which largely depends on its medicinal properties. There are several methods of dealing with the classification of honey but the most accurate is pollen analysis with some other tests, such as pH, electrical conductivity and sensory properties. Flavonoids--as one of the most important group of plant secondary metabolites, can be found in honey and its number and amount directly dependents of the origin of honey. In this study, 48 honey samples were tested, of which 29 were pollen honey, 11 were mixed and 8 were honeydew. In all samples, regardless of the type of honey, quercetin and naringenin are found, and rutin and hesperetin are found in-between 36%-50% of honey samples. The largest individual and avarages amounts of tested flavonoids are found in the pollen honey and at least in the mixed honeys.

Investigating Mercury Existence in Some Stations in Tigris River in Iraq

Mercury concentration in water, sediments and two aquatic plants were measured in the Tigris River for the period in 2013 Hg concentrations in water between 0.18-0.74 μg/g, however, in sediments ranged between 0.66-0.73 lag/g. The concentrations of accumulated mercury in aquatic plants ranged in Ceratophyllum demersum and Phragmitus australis were 0.035-0.022, 0.028-0.023 μg/g, respectively. The concentration bioconcentration factor B.C.F range between 0.331-0.209 μg/g and B.S.F 0.043-0.011 μg/g. These results indicate the ability of the aquatic plants of Tigris River to accumulate elements in their tissues more than water consequently, mercury concentrations in the food chain path way could cause health problems on public health by transfer through aquatic organisms to human. The studied plants could be considered as bioindicator for elements flow to the river from natural and anthropogenic sources. The study showed there is an increase in the concentration of this element in the Tigris River and due to the low rate of discharge of river water, which leads to high concentrations of ions dissolved and effect divorced industrial waste and sewage and irrigation water, especially in the area of Zafaraniyah a result of the large number of events industrialized as well as the impact of the Diyala River on the River Tigris.

Simultaneous Determination of Halogen Compounds and Sulfur Oxides in Flue Gas by Ion Chromatography

Ion chromatography （IC） is a suitable analytical method for the determination of anions. As analytical methods for the halogen compounds in flue gas, those of bromine compound, fluorine compound, chlorine （Cl2） and hydrogen chloride （HCI） are listed in JIS. However, IC has not been adopted in JIS except for HCI and C12. Because the carbon dioxide in flue gas is absorbed in a 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution as an absorber, it is interfered with the measurement of F^- and Cl^- ions. This paper describes the development of the pretreatment equipment for the flue gas analysis by IC, and its applications to real flue gas analysis. The F^-, Cl^-, Br^- and SO4^2- in the absorbing solution can be clearly separated by IC using the pretreatment equipment. The halogen compounds and sulfur oxides in flue gas can be simultaneously determined by IC.

Investigation of Dyeing Properties of Different Fabric Species with Alkanna Orientalis Root Extract

In this study, the dyeing properties of different fabric species were investigated using root extract of yellow sormunen （Alkanna orientalis）. For this purpose, the cotton and wool fabrics were dyed using the root extract of yellow sormunen by pre-mordanting, together-mordanting and last-mordanting methods with copper sulfate （CuSO4）, iron sulfate （FeSO4） and aluminum sulfate （AiK（SO4）2） at medium pH. The same procedure was applied to cotton and wool fabrics that allowed in Artifical Urinary System （AUS） [%3 NH3 ＋ %3 urea ＋ %3 CAC2O4（g/v）] for 24 h. The color codes were determined with Pantone Color Quide, and K/S and L＊ a＊ b＊ values were detected with color measurement spectrophotometer, and also washing-, crocking-fastness levels were evaluated using gray scale. According to the evaluations, the fabrics dyed pre-treated with AUS have higher fastness values than the unpre-treated dyed fabrics with AUS.

Biofilm Determination of Listeria monocytogenes That Isolated from Different Sources

The study was conducted for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes bacteria from different sources （CSF and blood） obtained from patients in Pediatric hospital and from food sources like （yogurt, raw vegetables and raw milk, sausage）. Ten isolates were isolated from 150 specimens one of them from CSF and one isolate isolated from blood samples the others isolated from food specimens 6 isolates isolated from sausage and 2 from raw vegetables. Isolates were identified traditionally involved culture methods based on selective enrichment and plating followed by the characterization of Listeria spp. based on colony morphology, sugar fermentation and haemolytic properties, identification by Api listeria was done. Determine the isolates that produce biofilm by tissue culture plate method. The highest biofilm forming strains ofListeria monocytogenes isolates appear in No. （D10, El, E5 and E7） OD reading each of them is （0.13, 0.09, 0.11 and 0.19） respectively, the lowest or poor biofilm forming strains appear in No. （D11, D12, E2, E3, E4 and E6） that optical density （OD） reading are （0.04, 0.03, 0.05, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.03） respectively by comparing with control prepared in well （A12） that stained by crystal violate without putting any isolates and the OD reading is （0.003）. Confirmation by PCR was done only for four isolates that produce biofilm （D10 and El） that obtained from CSF and blood sample and for （E5 and E7） that obtained from food samples.

In Vitro Activity of Lawsonia inermis （Henna） on Some Pathogenic Fungi

The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity ofLawsonia inermis （Henna plant）. Leaf samples of the plants were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum state, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts in various concentrations were obtained by maceration （cold method）. The extracts were bioassay in vitro to know their bioactivity to inhibit the growth of tested fungi. The cup plate agar diffusion method was adopted to assess the antifungal activity of the extracts against tested yeasts while agar incorporated method was used for other molds. Both extracts revealed anti fungal activity against all yeast strains except Pichiafabianii which was found resistant to both ethanol and ether extracts. The results displayed antifungal activity against tested fungi. Minimum mould concentration （MMC） of the extracts was determined. The obtained results revealed antifungal activity of henna leaves extracts which support the traditional use of the Henna in therapy of fungal infections. The possibility of therapeutic use of Sudanese henna as antifungal agents is recommended.

Determination of Organochlorine Compounds in Sediments from the Upper Middle Sao Francisco River （Bahia, Brazil）

The objective of this study was to determine the contamination of OCPs （organochlorine pesticides） in sediments from the upper middle of Sao Francisco River （Bahia, Brazil） in order to evaluate their potential pollution risks. Samples of surface sediments were collected using a Petersen dredge at 21 stations located between Sobradinho and Cura^i. The organochlorine compounds analyzed were： p,p＇-DDT, p,p＇-DDD, p,p＇-DDE, dicofol, methoxychlor, HCHs, aldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, dieldrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, endosulfan （ct, fl and sulfate） and chlordane （ct and ,/）. Extractions were carried out using the MAE （microwave-assisted extraction） method and organochlorine pesticides determination was achieved by GC/MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry）. Organochlorine concentrations ranged between 1.51-820.00 ng.gx, indicating very low to high levels. The most frequent OCPs were endrin aldehyde, -HCH, HCH, HCH, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide.

Polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols from the fruits of Hypericum henryi

Hyphenrones R–X(1–7), seven new polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols derivatives, were isolated from the fruits of Hypericum henryi, together with eight know analogues. Compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated to possess complex caged skeleton, while compounds 3–6 shared a common 3,9-epoxy moiety deriving from the normal polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols with a bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione core. The new structures were elucidated on the basis of the interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) data, circular dichroism(CD) comparison, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the bioassay, several compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against human tumor cell lines in vitro.