三峡库区重庆段滑坡活动时间分布的物理分形研究

在许多研究滑坡活动分布的分形特征中,未能考虑无标度区的范围,并将滑坡分布作为数学点来描述而未考虑滑坡规模对分形结果的影响。这种研究结果主要反映了数量众多的规模较小滑坡活动的特点,掩盖了规模较大的滑坡分布特征。本文研究了重庆三峡库区1594个规模大于1×104m3的滑坡活动时间分布资料,分析了滑坡活动时间的均匀分布、Poisson分布和分形分布结果。提出运用物理分形的方法,将滑坡活动按不同规模等级划分为4个子集,分析了各个子集的分维D,无标度区的范围和自然周期。表明运用物理分形的方法能描述不同规模等级滑坡活动时间分布的分形特征。

地震丛集的分形新方法———物理分形

地震时间丛集的传统分形分析方法把地震事件看作是时间轴上无质量的数学点（Ｓｍａｌｅｙ，ｅｔａｌ．，１９８７）。这些方法得到的结果主要反映了大量小地震的活动特征。本文发展了一个新的物理分形分析的筛子方法，采用一系列震级筛子来研究不同震级地震的分形特征。对华北和南加洲的研究结果表明，同一地区地震目录中不同震级范围的子集合具有近似相等的分维数，华北Ｄ＝０３，南加洲Ｄ＝０４。这种物理分形分析的新方法有助于研究不同地区地震丛集的分形特征。

如何给工科学生讲分形物理——介绍华中科技大学非线性物理教学改革之一

本文介绍了作者在华中科技大学讲授分形物理的几个重要环节及做法 :抓住分形本质特性 ,立足于物理、精选模型、上机实践 .最后 。

多重分形与分形物理

本文简要介绍了数学中的多重分形问题,并从物理学角度论述了研究多重分形形成的物理机制,及其对现代科学技术的重大意义。

分形物理学在微电子学研究中的应用

当涉及到微电子学时,科学家发现有一种新的形状出现,那就是分形.人们通常看到的分形是在自然界中那些不规则的带分叉的形状,比如叶子、树或雪花等.这样一种非常小的带分叉的重复结构,使这种结构有一种独特的外形,和经典的几何学不相容.

一个具有分形边界势阱中的粒子

构造了一个具有分形边界的无限深势阱，得到各阶势阱的波函数和相应的能级规律．结果发现，能级在空间尺度变换下具有标度不变性．各阶能级间具有相互嵌套的性质，即自相似性．随边界阶数的增加，粒子几率密度可出现局域化现象．

分形聚集生长性质研究

本文在分形生长DLA模型和有限步扩散反应置限聚集模型的基础上 ,考虑粒子扩散置限和粒子 扩散有限步数的影响的同时 ,引入扩散粒子与种子或聚集集团粒子相遇时的聚集反应概率 p ,种子或聚集粒子对 次近邻位置扩散粒子的吸引作用引起扩散粒子向各方向的行走概率变化 (行走偏向概率 )wp ,研究粒子随机行走 的分形聚集生长性质 .通过计算机模拟得到一系列的分形聚集生长图形 ,计算其相应的分形维数 .结果表明 :在粒 子浓度较小时 ,分形生长为DLA生长 ,随粒子向外扩散置限范围dr ,反应概率 p和行走偏向概率wp的增大 ,聚 集体的分形维数df也随之增大 ;在粒子浓度较大时 ,一般聚集体呈密集结构 。

复杂性科学对物理教学的启示

探索和研究复杂性,成为当代科学前沿的一大热点,必将对我们21世纪的思维方式产生深刻影响,利用复杂性科学中的非线性、混沌、分形等理论来研究教育教学这一系统并指导教育教学活动,已成为现代教育教学研究的新领域。

FRACTAL与物理学

对分形（ｆｒａｃｔａｌ）思想的起源、发展和分形、分维（ｆｒａｃｔａｌ ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎ）的含义作了简略的介绍。鉴于物理学中对空间认识的改变而引起的物理学的发展，试探性地将分形、分维思想用来对物质世界的一些物质结构和物质运动现象作定性解释。

岩石断裂演化过程元胞自动机模型的研究

提出了一种研究岩石断裂演化过程的元胞自动机模型。通过大量模拟发现 ,岩石断裂演化过程是岩石内部微裂隙萌生、扩展、聚集和贯通的过程 ,大量微裂隙的集体行为具有特定的规律。在岩石断裂演化过程中 ,微裂隙的空间分布是一个分数维形态的生长过程 ,岩石内完整岩石微元的空间分布是一个降维过程。岩石断裂演化过程是一个确定性和随机性统一的过程 。

Characteristics of surface waves in anisotropic left-handed materials

We report the coexistence of TE and TM surface modes in certain same frequency domain at the interface between one isotropic regular medium and another biaxially anistotropic left-handed medium. The conditions for the existence of TE and TM polarized surface waves in biaxially anisotropic left-handed materials are identified, respectively. The Poynting vector and the energy density associated with surface modes are calculated. Depending on the system parameters, either TE or TM surface modes can have the time averaged Poynting vector directed to or opposite to the mode phase velocity. It is seen that the characteristics of surface waves in biaxially anisotropic left-handed media are significantly different from that in isotropic left-handed media.

Memory Function and Fractional Intergral Associated to the Random Self-similar Fractal

For a physics system which exhibits memory,if memory is preserved only at points of random self-similar fractals,we define random memory functions and give the connection between the expectation of flux and the fractional integral.In particular,when memory sets degenerate to Cantor type fractals or non-random self-similar fractals our results coincide with that of Nigmatullin and Ren et al.

Energy-Momentum Distribution of Gravitational Waves

This paper has been addressed to the well-known problem of energy in gravitational waves. We have investigated the energy of cylindrical gravitational waves in the context of General Relativity and teleparallel theory of gravity. For this purpose, the prescriptions of Einstein, Landau-Lifshitz, Bergmann-Thomson, and Moeller are used in both the theories. It is shown that these energy-momentum complexes do not provide equivalent results in the two theories. However, these turn out to be constant for all the prescriptions except Moeller in both the theories at large distances.

Pressure gradient errors in a covariant method of implementing theσ-coordinate:idealized experiments and geometric analysis

A new approach is proposed to use the covariant scalar equations of the a-coordinate （the covariant method）, in which the pressure gradient force （PGF） has only one term in each horizontal momentum equation, and the PGF errors are much reduced in the computational space. In addition, the validity of reducing the PGF errors by this covariant method in the computational and physical space over steep terrain is investigated. First, the authors implement a set of idealized experiments of increasing terrain slope to compare the PGF errors of the covariant method and those of the classic method in the computational space. The results demonstrate that the PGF errors of the covariant method are consistently much-reduced, compared to those of the classic method. More importantly, the steeper the terrain, the greater the reduction in the ratio of the PGF errors via the covariant method. Next, the authors use geometric analysis to further investigate the PGF errors in the physical space, and the results illustrates that the PGF of the covariant method equals that of the classic method in the physical space; namely, the covariant method based on the non-orthogonal a-coordinate cannot reduce the PGF errors in the physical space. However, an orthogonal method can reduce the PGF errors in the physical space. Finally, a set of idealized experiments are carried out to validate the results obtained by the geometric analysis. These results indicate that the covariant method may improve the simulation of variables relevant to pressure, in addition to pressure itself, near steep terrain.

Bycatch of Shrimp Fishery in the West Coast of Madagascar： Case of Otolithes argenteus （Cuvier, 1830）

An increasing interest of the economic operators on the bycatch of shrimp fishery endangers bycatch species to over-exploitation risks. This study provides a better knowledge regarding to the current status of one major component of the bycatches Otolithes argenteus （O. argenteus） caught in the shrimp fishery area along the West coast of Madagascar using the morphometric analysis. Individual body weight and body measurement were carried out on 565 specimens collected from the sale＇s society of seafood （SOPROMER） in the Capital city. Results show a high proportion of small fishes like as immature young individuals. A ＂negative allometry＂ growth type within the juveniles to become ＂isometric allometry＂ for the adult, large size was observed. Marine environment is favorable to the development for the whole population of the O. argenteus species. The morphometry approach helped to better understanding of the characteristics and the operating status of the O. argenteus population thus constitute as a tool in establishing a sustainable fisheries management strategy in Madagascar.

Observation of topological phase with critical localization in a quasi-periodic lattice

Disorder and localization have dramatic influence on the topological properties of a quantum system.While strong disorder can close the band gap thus depriving topological materials of topological features,disorder may also induce topology from trivial band structures,wherein topological invariants are shared by completely localized states.Here we experimentally investigate a fundamentally distinct scenario where topology is identified in a critically localized regime,with eigenstates neither fully extended nor completely localized.Adopting the technique of momentum-lattice engineering for ultracold atoms,we implement a one-dimensional,generalized Aubry-Andrémodel with both diagonal and off-diagonal quasi-periodic disorder in momentum space,and characterize its localization and topological properties through dynamic observables.We then demonstrate the impact of interactions on the critically localized topological state,as a first experimental endeavor toward the clarification of many-body critical phase,the critical analogue of the many-body localized state.

A molecular dynamics investigation of the deformation mechanism and shape memory effect of epoxy shape memory polymers

Following deformation, thermally induced shape memory polymers(SMPs) have the ability to recover their original shape with a change in temperature. In this work, the thermomechanical properties and shape memory behaviors of three types of epoxy SMPs with varying curing agent contents were investigated using a molecular dynamics(MD) method. The mechanical properties under uniaxial tension at different temperatures were obtained, and the simulation results compared reasonably with experimental data. In addition, in a thermomechanical cycle, ideal shape memory effects for the three types of SMPs were revealed through the shape frozen and shape recovery responses at low and high temperatures, respectively, indicating that the recovery time is strongly influenced by the ratio of E-51 to 4,4'-Methylenedianiline.

New Metrics from a Fractional Gravitational Field

Agop et al. proved in Commun. Theor. Phys. （2008） that, a Reissner-Nordstrom type metric is obtained, if gauge gravitational field in a fractal spacetime is constructed by means of concepts of scale relativity. We prove in this short communication that similar result is obtained if gravity in D-spacetime dimensions is fractionalized by means of the Glaeske-Kilbaz Saigo fractional. Besides, non-singular gravitational fields are obtained without using extra-dimensions. We present few examples to show that these gravitational fields hold a number of motivating features in spacetime physics.

Chemical-physical aspects of formation and evolution of phase structure in multi-polymers: Intensity fluctuation, phase structure and its fractal characteristics in blends of isotactic polypropylene with poly(cis-1,4-butadiene) rubber

This paper studies the formation and evolution of phase structure of isotactic polypropylene/poly（cis-1,4-butadiene） （iPP/PCBR） blends during molten and mixing in a visual mixer by on-line analysis of the small angle light back scattering. The density fluctuation of iPP/PcBR blends during molten and mixing is discussed using the integral-intensity Js, of the scattering intensity of the blends. The ＂invariant＂ Q, which shows fluctuation of the system, is calculated by data of the small angle light back scattering, and the variation of Q with the blending time, temperature and shear rate during molten and mixing in iPP/PcBR blends is discussed. The structure parameters which characterize dimensions of phase in the blends, as the correlation distance ac, and the average chord lengths of two-phase, as lipp and lPcBR, are calculated by data of scattering intensity. The average diameters dp of dispersed phases are calculated from SEM images. The variation of ac, dp, lipp and lPcBR with the blending time and compositions in the blends during molten and mixing is discussed. The scale law is analyzed to find multi-scale char- acteristics in this system. The generalized fractal dimension Dp is calculated and the relation of Dp with generalized entropy function is discussed to determine that Dp is state function and the physical significance of Dp is the same as that of the generalized entropy function. polymer blends, on-line analysis, fractal, polypropylene

Study of Substrate and Physico-Chemical Base Classification of the Rivers of Nepal

The rivers in Nepal are classified in terms of geographical regions but a more scientific classification such as on the ba-sis of morphology is clearly lacking. This study was done in 9 rivers namely Jhikhukhola of the Koshi system, Aandhikhola, Arungkhola, East Rapti, Karrakhola, Seti and main channel Narayani of the Gandaki system, and two independent systems within Nepal, Bagmati and Tinau. Among the morphologies, river bed or the substratum was taken as the main variable for the analysis which was categorized into 7 types as rocks, boulders, cobbles, pebbles, gravels, sand and silt. There were 23 sampling sites each with 2 stretches of around 100m in those rivers. The data were taken as a percentage, and to avoid biases it was observed visually by the same person for a complete year in every season. With 23 sites each with 2 stretches and 4 replicates corresponding to 4 seasons, there are altogether 184 observations, each termed as a case, that constitute this work. Canonical Discrimination Analysis (CDA) which is most suitable when the data pool is huge was applied to see if the rivers studied distinguish themselves in terms of its morphology. The result was remarkably successful and was close to the established regional classification of the rivers. This kind of river classification has great application in the utilization, conservation and restoration of the most important natural re-source of the country.