Large-scale 3D physical models of complex structures can be used to simulate hydrocarbon exploration areas. The high-fidelity simulation of actual structures poses challenges to model building and quality control. Suc...Large-scale 3D physical models of complex structures can be used to simulate hydrocarbon exploration areas. The high-fidelity simulation of actual structures poses challenges to model building and quality control. Such models can be used to collect wideazimuth, multi-azimuth, and full-azimuth seismic data that can be used to verify various 3D processing and interpretation methods. Faced with nonideal imaging problems owing to the extensive complex surface conditions and subsurface structures in the oil-rich foreland basins of western China, we designed and built the KS physical model based on the complex subsurface structure. This is the largest and most complex 3D physical model built to date. The physical modeling technology advancements mainly involve 1） the model design method, 2） the model casting flow, and 3） data acquisition. A 3D velocity model of the physical model was obtained for the first time, and the model building precision was quantitatively analyzed. The absolute error was less than 3 mm, which satisfies the experimental requirements. The 3D velocity model obtained from 3D measurements of the model layers is the basis for testing various imaging methods. Furthermore, the model is considered a standard in seismic physical modeling technology.展开更多
Aromatic compounds (ACs) in soil can induce competitive inhibition for soil NH3 oxidation, and nitrification inhibitors can be used to this end. A laboratory incubation experiment was performed with 12 nitroaromatic c...Aromatic compounds (ACs) in soil can induce competitive inhibition for soil NH3 oxidation, and nitrification inhibitors can be used to this end. A laboratory incubation experiment was performed with 12 nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), 15 amidoaromatic compounds (AACs) and 20 hydroxyaromatic compounds (HACs) to assess the inhibitory effects of ACs on soil nitrification. Based on these results, the critical and optimal concentrations of ACs were determined for better inhibitory effects. Most of the test ACs were able to inhibit soil nitrification; the effectiveness differed with soil type. Among the ACs, the NACs with m-nitryl, amino or hydroxyl and the AACs with a nitro group or a chlorine atom on aromatic ring or with a p-hydroxyl were more effective. 3-nitroaniline, 4-aminophenol and 3-nitrophenol showed the greatest potential as nitrification inhibitors. The critical concentration of these compounds in brown soil and cinnamon soil was found to be 0.5 mg kg-1 soil. Due to the toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of ACs, further toxicological and ecotoxicological research is necessary before ACs are used as nitrification inhibitors in agricultural and horticultural practices.展开更多
Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)is widely cultivated in southern China for its significant medicinal usage.The resinous wood,the most used part of the plant as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),locally called“Chen X...Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)is widely cultivated in southern China for its significant medicinal usage.The resinous wood,the most used part of the plant as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),locally called“Chen Xiang(沉香)”or Chinese agarwood,has been traditionally used for the treatment of circulatory disorders,abdominal pain,vomiting,and dyspnea.Till date,over 249 compounds have been isolated and identified from this plant.A range of bioactivities,including α-glucosidase inhibitory effects,anti-inflammatory,cytotoxicity,neuroprotective,anti-neuroinflammatory,antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects,along with some of the pharmacological mechanisms have been reported for the pure compounds or extracts of Aquilaria sinensis.For the purpose of quality control and clinical safety of drug usage,modern analytical instruments and chemical analysis methods have been applied for analyses of Aquilaria sinensis.In order to comprehensively understand the medicinal application and to fully utilize the plant,a literature search on the herb based on databases including SciFinder,Web of Science,Pubmed,Google Scholar and others was performed and the information regarding to the phytochemistry investigations,pharmacological studies and quality control was summarized in this paper.展开更多
Using mice infected with coxsackie B-3 virus (CVB3) as a viral myocarditis model, we observed the inhibitory effect of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) on CVB3-RNA replication in myocardial tissue of mice by RNA-RNA in si...Using mice infected with coxsackie B-3 virus (CVB3) as a viral myocarditis model, we observed the inhibitory effect of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) on CVB3-RNA replication in myocardial tissue of mice by RNA-RNA in situ hybridization with negative-strand RNA Probes labelled with ￣(35)S and quantitative imaging analysis of positive signals. The mechanism of its effect on CVB3-RNA replication has been investigated by detection of beta-interferon (β-IFN) as well. Results showed that the copy numbers of CVB3-RNA as well as the histologic scores (necrosis) in myocardial tissues of infected-AM treated mice were significantly lower than those in infected and normal saline treated mice, suggesting that AM could inhibit the replication of CVB3-RVA,but its effect on CVB3-RNA replication had no correlation with induction of β-IFN.展开更多
ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to explore the molecular mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the treatment of glioblastoma(GBM)by using the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Methods The Tradition...ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to explore the molecular mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the treatment of glioblastoma(GBM)by using the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and literature retrieval method were applied to obtain the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),and to predict the relevant targets of the active ingredients.The GBM-related targets were retrieved and screened through the Gene Expression Profling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database,and mapped to each other with the targets of the components of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)to obtain the intersection targets.The GBM differentially expressed gene targets were imported into the String database to obtain the protein interaction relationship,the Cytoscape software was used to draw the protein interaction network,the Cytobba and MCODE plug-ins were used to screen the core genes and important protein interaction modules,and the GEPIA database was applied to make survival analysis of the core genes.The network map of“active ingredients-targets”was constructed through the Cytoscape 3.6.1 software.Gene Ontology(GO)biological function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis for GBM differentially expressed genes were performed through the DAVID database.ResultsThrough TCMSP and literature retrieval,23 potential active ingredients and 129 related targets were obtained from Yadanzi(Brucea javanica).In the GEPIA database,247 GBM differentially expressed genes were screened,including 113 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes.After mapping with the targets related to the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),six intersection targets were obtained,that is,the potential action targets of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in treating GBM,including MMP2,HMOX1,BIRC5,EGFR,CCNB2,and TOP2A.Cytoscape software was applied to build an“active ingredient-action target”network.Two active ingredients and five action targets of β-sitosterol(BS)and luteolin were found,and the targets were mainly concentrated in BS.It was found by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis that GBM differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in signaling pathways related to Staphylococcus aureus infection,phagosome formation,tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus and other infectious and autoimmune diseases.It was found by GO enrichment analysis that the GBM differentially expressed genes mainly involved such biological processes(BP)as the processing and presentation of exogenous antigenic peptides and polysaccharide antigens through MHC Il molecules,y-interferon-mediated signaling pathways,extracellular matrix composition,and chemical synapses transmission;it involved cellular components such as cell junctions,axon terminal buttons,extracellular space,vesicle membranes for endocytosis,and MHC Il protein complexes;molecular functions such as calcium-mediated ionic protein binding,MHC Il molecular receptor activity,immunoglobulin binding,and phospholipase inhibitor activity were also involved.Survival analysis was conducted by GEPIA on the top 37 core targets in degree value,and a total of five genes related to GBM prognosis were obtained.Among them,FN1 and MMP2 were highly expressed while GABRD(v-aminobutyric acid A receptor delta subunit),RBFOX1,and SLC6A7 were expressed at a low level in cancer patients.Conclusion The pathogenesis of GBM is closely related to the human immune system,and BS and luteolin may be the main material basis of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)for the treatment of GBM and the improvement of prognosis.The molecular mechanism may be related to the physical barrier formed by destroying the tumor cell stromal 68 Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Zhao,Si.molecules and its involvement in tumor immune response.展开更多
G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)compromise the largest membrane protein superfamily which play vital roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes including energy homeostasis.Moreover,they also represent ...G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)compromise the largest membrane protein superfamily which play vital roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes including energy homeostasis.Moreover,they also represent the up-to-date most successful drug target.The gut hormone GPCRs,such as glucagon receptor and GLP-1 receptor,have been intensively studied for their roles in metabolism and respective drugs have developed for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes(T2D).Along with the advances of biomedical research,more GPCRs have been found to play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis from nutrient sensing,appetite control to glucose and fatty acid metabolism with various mechanisms.The investigation of their biological functions will not only improve our understanding of how our body keeps the balance of energy intake and expenditure,but also highlight the possible drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.The present review summarizes GPCRs involved in the energy control with special emphasis on their pathophysiological roles in metabolic diseases and hopefully triggers more intensive and systematic investigations in the field so that a comprehensive network control of energy homeostasis will be revealed,and better drugs will be developed in the foreseeable future.展开更多
基金sponsored by National Science and Technology Major Project(2011ZX05046-001)
文摘Large-scale 3D physical models of complex structures can be used to simulate hydrocarbon exploration areas. The high-fidelity simulation of actual structures poses challenges to model building and quality control. Such models can be used to collect wideazimuth, multi-azimuth, and full-azimuth seismic data that can be used to verify various 3D processing and interpretation methods. Faced with nonideal imaging problems owing to the extensive complex surface conditions and subsurface structures in the oil-rich foreland basins of western China, we designed and built the KS physical model based on the complex subsurface structure. This is the largest and most complex 3D physical model built to date. The physical modeling technology advancements mainly involve 1） the model design method, 2） the model casting flow, and 3） data acquisition. A 3D velocity model of the physical model was obtained for the first time, and the model building precision was quantitatively analyzed. The absolute error was less than 3 mm, which satisfies the experimental requirements. The 3D velocity model obtained from 3D measurements of the model layers is the basis for testing various imaging methods. Furthermore, the model is considered a standard in seismic physical modeling technology.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No.2007CB109307)the National Science & Technology Pillar Program (No.2006BAD10B01)
文摘Aromatic compounds (ACs) in soil can induce competitive inhibition for soil NH3 oxidation, and nitrification inhibitors can be used to this end. A laboratory incubation experiment was performed with 12 nitroaromatic compounds (NACs), 15 amidoaromatic compounds (AACs) and 20 hydroxyaromatic compounds (HACs) to assess the inhibitory effects of ACs on soil nitrification. Based on these results, the critical and optimal concentrations of ACs were determined for better inhibitory effects. Most of the test ACs were able to inhibit soil nitrification; the effectiveness differed with soil type. Among the ACs, the NACs with m-nitryl, amino or hydroxyl and the AACs with a nitro group or a chlorine atom on aromatic ring or with a p-hydroxyl were more effective. 3-nitroaniline, 4-aminophenol and 3-nitrophenol showed the greatest potential as nitrification inhibitors. The critical concentration of these compounds in brown soil and cinnamon soil was found to be 0.5 mg kg-1 soil. Due to the toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of ACs, further toxicological and ecotoxicological research is necessary before ACs are used as nitrification inhibitors in agricultural and horticultural practices.
基金support from the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hunan Province(201673)Hunan Province Universities 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Protection and Utilization of Hu-xiang Chinese Medicine Resources(HXZY-2015-005 and HXZY-2015-012)+1 种基金the State Key Subject of TCM Diagnostics in Hunan University of Chinese Medicine(2015ZYZD06)Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Dong Medicine(2015TP1020-02)
文摘Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)is widely cultivated in southern China for its significant medicinal usage.The resinous wood,the most used part of the plant as traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),locally called“Chen Xiang(沉香)”or Chinese agarwood,has been traditionally used for the treatment of circulatory disorders,abdominal pain,vomiting,and dyspnea.Till date,over 249 compounds have been isolated and identified from this plant.A range of bioactivities,including α-glucosidase inhibitory effects,anti-inflammatory,cytotoxicity,neuroprotective,anti-neuroinflammatory,antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects,along with some of the pharmacological mechanisms have been reported for the pure compounds or extracts of Aquilaria sinensis.For the purpose of quality control and clinical safety of drug usage,modern analytical instruments and chemical analysis methods have been applied for analyses of Aquilaria sinensis.In order to comprehensively understand the medicinal application and to fully utilize the plant,a literature search on the herb based on databases including SciFinder,Web of Science,Pubmed,Google Scholar and others was performed and the information regarding to the phytochemistry investigations,pharmacological studies and quality control was summarized in this paper.
文摘Using mice infected with coxsackie B-3 virus (CVB3) as a viral myocarditis model, we observed the inhibitory effect of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) on CVB3-RNA replication in myocardial tissue of mice by RNA-RNA in situ hybridization with negative-strand RNA Probes labelled with ￣(35)S and quantitative imaging analysis of positive signals. The mechanism of its effect on CVB3-RNA replication has been investigated by detection of beta-interferon (β-IFN) as well. Results showed that the copy numbers of CVB3-RNA as well as the histologic scores (necrosis) in myocardial tissues of infected-AM treated mice were significantly lower than those in infected and normal saline treated mice, suggesting that AM could inhibit the replication of CVB3-RVA,but its effect on CVB3-RNA replication had no correlation with induction of β-IFN.
文摘ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to explore the molecular mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the treatment of glioblastoma(GBM)by using the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and literature retrieval method were applied to obtain the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),and to predict the relevant targets of the active ingredients.The GBM-related targets were retrieved and screened through the Gene Expression Profling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database,and mapped to each other with the targets of the components of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)to obtain the intersection targets.The GBM differentially expressed gene targets were imported into the String database to obtain the protein interaction relationship,the Cytoscape software was used to draw the protein interaction network,the Cytobba and MCODE plug-ins were used to screen the core genes and important protein interaction modules,and the GEPIA database was applied to make survival analysis of the core genes.The network map of“active ingredients-targets”was constructed through the Cytoscape 3.6.1 software.Gene Ontology(GO)biological function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis for GBM differentially expressed genes were performed through the DAVID database.ResultsThrough TCMSP and literature retrieval,23 potential active ingredients and 129 related targets were obtained from Yadanzi(Brucea javanica).In the GEPIA database,247 GBM differentially expressed genes were screened,including 113 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes.After mapping with the targets related to the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),six intersection targets were obtained,that is,the potential action targets of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in treating GBM,including MMP2,HMOX1,BIRC5,EGFR,CCNB2,and TOP2A.Cytoscape software was applied to build an“active ingredient-action target”network.Two active ingredients and five action targets of β-sitosterol(BS)and luteolin were found,and the targets were mainly concentrated in BS.It was found by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis that GBM differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in signaling pathways related to Staphylococcus aureus infection,phagosome formation,tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus and other infectious and autoimmune diseases.It was found by GO enrichment analysis that the GBM differentially expressed genes mainly involved such biological processes(BP)as the processing and presentation of exogenous antigenic peptides and polysaccharide antigens through MHC Il molecules,y-interferon-mediated signaling pathways,extracellular matrix composition,and chemical synapses transmission;it involved cellular components such as cell junctions,axon terminal buttons,extracellular space,vesicle membranes for endocytosis,and MHC Il protein complexes;molecular functions such as calcium-mediated ionic protein binding,MHC Il molecular receptor activity,immunoglobulin binding,and phospholipase inhibitor activity were also involved.Survival analysis was conducted by GEPIA on the top 37 core targets in degree value,and a total of five genes related to GBM prognosis were obtained.Among them,FN1 and MMP2 were highly expressed while GABRD(v-aminobutyric acid A receptor delta subunit),RBFOX1,and SLC6A7 were expressed at a low level in cancer patients.Conclusion The pathogenesis of GBM is closely related to the human immune system,and BS and luteolin may be the main material basis of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)for the treatment of GBM and the improvement of prognosis.The molecular mechanism may be related to the physical barrier formed by destroying the tumor cell stromal 68 Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Zhao,Si.molecules and its involvement in tumor immune response.
文摘G-protein coupled receptors(GPCRs)compromise the largest membrane protein superfamily which play vital roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes including energy homeostasis.Moreover,they also represent the up-to-date most successful drug target.The gut hormone GPCRs,such as glucagon receptor and GLP-1 receptor,have been intensively studied for their roles in metabolism and respective drugs have developed for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes(T2D).Along with the advances of biomedical research,more GPCRs have been found to play important roles in the regulation of energy homeostasis from nutrient sensing,appetite control to glucose and fatty acid metabolism with various mechanisms.The investigation of their biological functions will not only improve our understanding of how our body keeps the balance of energy intake and expenditure,but also highlight the possible drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.The present review summarizes GPCRs involved in the energy control with special emphasis on their pathophysiological roles in metabolic diseases and hopefully triggers more intensive and systematic investigations in the field so that a comprehensive network control of energy homeostasis will be revealed,and better drugs will be developed in the foreseeable future.
