Water(or H) in the silicate mantle is a key element in influencing Earth's climate, habitability, geochemical evolution, geophysical properties and geodynamical processes, and has received increasing attention in ...Water(or H) in the silicate mantle is a key element in influencing Earth's climate, habitability, geochemical evolution, geophysical properties and geodynamical processes, and has received increasing attention in the past decades. Experimental work under simulated high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is a powerful tool in characterizing the species, distribution, storage capacity and various physicochemical impacts of water in the mantle. In recent years, significant approaches have been acquired about some key physical, chemical and dynamical properties of water in the mantle and their various impacts, as a result of extensive studies by high-pressure and temperature experiments, and our knowledge of Earth's water cycle, especially the deep water cycle, on both temporal and spatial scales has been greatly enhanced. In this paper, a brief review based mainly on experimental studies is presented concerning the current understanding and some recent approaches of water in the silicate mantle, such as the possible origin, amount, storage and the effect on mantle properties.展开更多
This paper studies the formation and evolution of phase structure of isotactic polypropylene/poly（cis-1,4-butadiene） （iPP/PCBR） blends during molten and mixing in a visual mixer by on-line analysis of the small an...This paper studies the formation and evolution of phase structure of isotactic polypropylene/poly（cis-1,4-butadiene） （iPP/PCBR） blends during molten and mixing in a visual mixer by on-line analysis of the small angle light back scattering. The density fluctuation of iPP/PcBR blends during molten and mixing is discussed using the integral-intensity Js, of the scattering intensity of the blends. The ＂invariant＂ Q, which shows fluctuation of the system, is calculated by data of the small angle light back scattering, and the variation of Q with the blending time, temperature and shear rate during molten and mixing in iPP/PcBR blends is discussed. The structure parameters which characterize dimensions of phase in the blends, as the correlation distance ac, and the average chord lengths of two-phase, as lipp and lPcBR, are calculated by data of scattering intensity. The average diameters dp of dispersed phases are calculated from SEM images. The variation of ac, dp, lipp and lPcBR with the blending time and compositions in the blends during molten and mixing is discussed. The scale law is analyzed to find multi-scale char- acteristics in this system. The generalized fractal dimension Dp is calculated and the relation of Dp with generalized entropy function is discussed to determine that Dp is state function and the physical significance of Dp is the same as that of the generalized entropy function. polymer blends, on-line analysis, fractal, polypropylene展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2014CB845904 and 41590622)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41372041)+1 种基金the Recruitment Program of Global Young Experts(China)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(China)
文摘Water(or H) in the silicate mantle is a key element in influencing Earth's climate, habitability, geochemical evolution, geophysical properties and geodynamical processes, and has received increasing attention in the past decades. Experimental work under simulated high-pressure and high-temperature conditions is a powerful tool in characterizing the species, distribution, storage capacity and various physicochemical impacts of water in the mantle. In recent years, significant approaches have been acquired about some key physical, chemical and dynamical properties of water in the mantle and their various impacts, as a result of extensive studies by high-pressure and temperature experiments, and our knowledge of Earth's water cycle, especially the deep water cycle, on both temporal and spatial scales has been greatly enhanced. In this paper, a brief review based mainly on experimental studies is presented concerning the current understanding and some recent approaches of water in the silicate mantle, such as the possible origin, amount, storage and the effect on mantle properties.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51033004)
文摘This paper studies the formation and evolution of phase structure of isotactic polypropylene/poly（cis-1,4-butadiene） （iPP/PCBR） blends during molten and mixing in a visual mixer by on-line analysis of the small angle light back scattering. The density fluctuation of iPP/PcBR blends during molten and mixing is discussed using the integral-intensity Js, of the scattering intensity of the blends. The ＂invariant＂ Q, which shows fluctuation of the system, is calculated by data of the small angle light back scattering, and the variation of Q with the blending time, temperature and shear rate during molten and mixing in iPP/PcBR blends is discussed. The structure parameters which characterize dimensions of phase in the blends, as the correlation distance ac, and the average chord lengths of two-phase, as lipp and lPcBR, are calculated by data of scattering intensity. The average diameters dp of dispersed phases are calculated from SEM images. The variation of ac, dp, lipp and lPcBR with the blending time and compositions in the blends during molten and mixing is discussed. The scale law is analyzed to find multi-scale char- acteristics in this system. The generalized fractal dimension Dp is calculated and the relation of Dp with generalized entropy function is discussed to determine that Dp is state function and the physical significance of Dp is the same as that of the generalized entropy function. polymer blends, on-line analysis, fractal, polypropylene
