整车电气功能子系统的应用研究

从基于物理子系统的电气功能开发方法出发,阐述整车电气功能的概念以及基于电气功能子系统的开发方法,介绍整车电气功能子系统的划分原则以及电气功能需求与零部件设计需求之间的关系,最后总结基于电气功能子系统开发的必要性和重要意义。

Connection between Physical Properties in Homologous Series of Molecular Systems

The connections between different physical-chemical properties in homologous molecular series are analyzed from the quantum-mechanic and the algebraic theory points of view and are explained by influence of the gage to the quantum electronic continuum. The connection between quantum and macroscopic properties of the substances is confirmed in homologous series of n-alkanes. Linear correlation between the coefficient of magnetization and energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital in homologous series of n-alkanes C2-C10 is established. The connection between diamagnetic and electronic characteristics of n-alkanes with the temperatures of the first order phase transitions （melting point） and other physical-chemical properties were discovered. The nature of interconnection between critical and diamagnetic properties of n-alkanes C2-C10 and results of previous works allow to suppose significant role of the spin interactions in electronic continuum states along the process of the first order phase transitions.

CPS Modeling of CNC Machine Tool Work Processes Using an Instruction-Domain Based Approach

Building cyber-physical system(CPS) models of machine tools is a key technology for intelligent manufacturing. The massive electronic data from a computer numerical control(CNC) system during the work processes of a CNC machine tool is the main source of the big data on which a CPS model is established. In this work-process model, a method based on instruction domain is applied to analyze the electronic big data, and a quantitative description of the numerical control(NC) processes is built according to the G code of the processes. Utilizing the instruction domain, a work-process CPS model is established on the basis of the accurate, real-time mapping of the manufacturing tasks, resources, and status of the CNC machine tool. Using such models, case studies are conducted on intelligent-machining applications, such as the optimization of NC processing parameters and the health assurance of CNC machine tools.

Relativistic Spin Operators

A systematic theory on the appropriate spin operators for the relativistic states is developed. For a massive relativistic particle with arbitrary nonzero spin, the spin operator should be replaced with the relativistic one, which is called in this paper as moving spin. Further the concept of moving spin is discussed in the quantum field theory. A new operator, field quanta spin is defined and in terms of the generators of Poincaré group the moving spin of field system is constructed. It is shown that, in virtue of the two operators, problems in quantum field concerned spin can be neatly settled.

Symplectic Schemes for Birkhoffian System

A universal symplectic structure for a Newtonian system including nonconservative cases can be constructed in the framework of Birkhoffian generalization of Hamiltonian mechanics. In this paper the symplectic geometry structure of Birkhoffian system is discussed, then the symplecticity of Birkhoffian phase flow is presented. Based on these properties we give a way to construct symplectic schemes for Birkhoffian systems by using the generating function method.

Application of Exp-Function Method to Discrete Nonlinear Schrdinger Lattice Equation with Symbolic Computation

In this paper, we present an extended Exp-function method to differential-difference equation（s）. With the help of symbolic computation, we solve discrete nonlinear Schrodinger lattice as an example, and obtain a series of general solutions in forms of Exp-function.

On the Mechanism of Latex Particles Formation in Polymerization in Heterogeneous Monomer-Water System

Investigations show that in monomer water heterogeneous systems polymerization, located in the interface, can disperse the system. Following polymerization in the density gradient field it is shown that in such systems latex particles are nucleated from monomer microdroplets, containing a certain amount of polymer molecules. It could be considered that, independently of the nature of the monomer itself, polymerization in monomer water statistic heterogeneous systems modulate emulsion polymerization process.

Teleportation of an n-bit one-photon and vacuum entangled GHZ cavity-field state

A scheme for teleporting an arbitrary n-bit one-photon and vacuum entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger （GHZ） state is proposed. In this scheme, the maximum entanglement GHZ state is used as a quantum channel. We find a method of distinguishing four Bell states just by detecting the atomic states three times, which is irrelevant to the qubit number of the state to be teleported.

Ionic Charge State Distribution of Au Plasma for 7-Ion System

The present work extends the previous work^[2] on 5-ion system to consider 7-ion system （i.e., Au^47＋ -Au^53＋）. It is found that more highly charged ions, e.g., Au^53＋, Au^54＋ etc., could be able to be neglected, however, less highly charged ions, e.g., Au^47＋, Au^46＋ etc., are rather important. Therefore, a new idea to consider 8-ion system, i.e., Au^46＋ - Au^53＋, is under way. As a supplement, we discuss the simultaneous reaction, which would be important in this sort of works.

Generalized Wigner Functions for Damped Systems in Deformation Quantization

Quantization of damped systems usually gives rise to complex spectra and corresponding resonant states, which do not belong to the Hilbert space. Therefore, the standard form of calculating Wigner function （WF） does not work for these systems. In this paper we show that in order to let WF satisfy a ,-genvalue equation for the damped systems, one must modify its standard form slightly, and this modification exactly coincides with the results derived from a ＊-Exponential expansion in deformation quantization.

Applications of Polynomial Algebras to 2-Dimensional Deformed Oscillators

The polynomial algebra is a deformed su（2） algebra. Here, we use polynomial algebra az a method to solve a series of deformed oscillators. Thus, we find a series of physics systems corresponding with polynomial algebra with different highest orders.

Heisenberg＇s Versus Von Neumann＇s Indeterminism of Quantum Mechanics

Irreducible indeterminism is considered by most physicists as an ontological interpretation of quantum mechanics, which attributes inherent indeterminism to elementary paJcticles. This view was extrapolated by von Neumann from the atomocosm to the entire universe. Heisenberg proposed an epistemic interpretation, postulating that indeterminism stems from ambivalent detection systems, rather than being a characteristic of elementary particles Transformative detection that inherently affects the measured phenomena is responsible for the indeterminism in the atomocosm. As the same does not generally hold true in the macrocosm, this discrepancy has led to the notion of the Heisenberg cut. As explained by Heisenberg＇s microscope example, high-energy light can displace electrons from their atomic shells in the atomocosm, but would not induce the same effect on objects in the macrocosm, thus rendering such detection neutral. Therefore, detection systems are ambivalent in that they can be transformative under the cut and neutral otherwise. Device variation is found under and above the cut and is the essential cause of outcome variability in the macrocosm. Thus, two completely different categories of indeterminism exist simultaneously under the Heisenberg cut, but only one is found above the cut, known as measurement variations of devices. Experimental exploration of elementary paJcticle behaviors is possible only with the help of detection systems. If these systems affect particle characteristics in any way, this would be sufficient to explain the irreducible quantum mechanical indeterminism. Consequently, the true behavior of elementary particles, whether indeterminist or determinist, would never be detectable. Above the cut, on the other hand, variations in device performance are inevitable, due to reducible perturbing factors, inducing measurement wJciation of devices Heisenberg discovered a general principle of ambivalent detection systems, which can also be found in the macrocosm. In the Wilson Cloud Chamber, vapor is an ambivalent detection system, since high-energy charged particles would produce straight tracks, whereas those of lower energy would leave an irregular trace. According to the epistemic interpretation, von Neumann＇s extrapolation of irreducible quantum mechanical indeterminism to the entire universe would not be necessary, thereby avoiding the uncomfortable conclusion that the entire universe is based on indeterminism

Tripartite Nonlinear Entangled State Representations in Quantum Mechanics

Based on the technique of integral within an ordered product of nonlinear bosonic operators we construct a kind of tripartite nonlinear entangled states, which can make up a complete set. As its application, we also derive nonlinear 3-mode charge-related entangled state. The essential point for constructing these states lies in choosing the appropriate charge operator.

Cooling Torsional Nanomechanical Vibration by Spin-Orbit Interactions

We propose and study a spin-orbit interaction based mechanism to actively cool down the torsional vibrationof a nanomechanical resonator made by semiconductor materials.We show that the spin-orbit interactions of electronscan induce a coherent coupling between the electron spins and the torsional modes of nanomechanical vibration.Thiscoupling leads to an active cooling for the torsional modes through the dynamical thermalization of the resonator by thespin ensemble.

Thermodynamic Equilibrium

The arguments in this paper lead to a new definition of thermodynamic equilibrium that remedies the deficiencies of the current forms. This definition relates thermodynamic equilibrium to its physical causes and accounts for all factors that determine it for all types of equilibrium. Standard definitions of thermodynamic equilibrium are incomplete. They do not take account of all factors that determine such equilibriums, discuss the impediments which may prevent them being reached or relate the properties that define equilibriums to the physical reasons that determine them when impediments are present. The laws of thermodynamics determine the requirements for equilibrium. These laws arise from the physical behaviour of the molecules in molecular systems and are consequences of the conservation of energy, the energies of molecules, statistics, Newton＇s laws of motion, and the equi-partition of energy. The standard definition of thermodynamic equilibrium correctly defines equilibrium whenever impediments are not factors. The discussion demonstrates how impediments arise, accounts for their role in defining equilibrium and how they relate to the energies of molecules at the conditions of the system. The new definition applies to all types of equilibrium.

A Position-Dependent Two-Atom Entanglement in Real-Time Cavity QED System

We study a special two-atom entanglement case in assumed cavity QED experiment in which only one atom effectively exchanges a single photon with a cavity mode. We compute two-atom entanglement under position-dependent atomic resonant dipole-dipole interaction （RDDI） for large interatomic separation limit. We show that the RDDI, even t, hat which is much smaller than the maximal atomic Rabi frequency, can induce distinct diatom entanglement. The peak entanglement reaches a maximum when RDDI strength can compare with the Rabi frequency of an atom.

Fuzzy Inference System for Identification of Cereals Weeds Seeds

In agriculture the identification and classification of weed seeds are technically and economically important. This work bears on the study of the morphological characteristics of the widespread weeds seeds in the north east of Algeria （the Setifian high plateau）. Fourteen characteristics were used to identify ninety one species of seeds which belong to nineteen botanical families. The morphological characteristics in which the study was based on are： form, color, size, solidity, brightness, smoothness, seed length, seed width, seed caliber, outgrowths, outgrowths form, outgrowths color, outgrowths length, outgrowths width, weight per 100 seeds. Considerable differences were noticed between the various species of weeds seeds. The study of morphological characteristics of seeds allows identifying the different seeds mixed with cultivated plant, it also allows knowing the various species of weeds in fields. So such studies help to develop different strategies to control weeds.

Half-lives of double β^+-decay with two neutrinos

Nuclear double β^--decays with two neutrinos were observed for many years and a systematic law describing the relation between their half-lives and decay energies was also proposed recently [Phys Rev C, 2014, 89： 064603]. However, double β^＋ -decay （β^＋β^＋） with emission of both two positrons and two neutrinos has not been observed up to date. In this article, we pcrform a systematic analysis on the candidates of double β^＋-decay, based on the 2012 nuclear mass table. Eight nuclei are found to be the good candidates for double β^＋-decay and their half-lives are predicted according to the generalization of the systematic law to double β^＋-decay. As far as we know, there is no theoretical result on double β^＋-decay of nucleus ^154Dy and our result is the first prediction on this nucleus. This is also the first complete research on eight double β^＋-decay candidates based on the available data of nuclear masses. It is expected that the calculated half-lives of double β^＋-decay in this article will be useful for future experimental search of double β^＋-decay.

Phylogeography of Haplocarpha rueppelii(Asteraceae) suggests a potential geographic barrier for plant dispersal and gene flow in East Africa

East Africa is a biodiversity hotspot. Haplocarpha rueppelii （Sch.Bip.） Beauverd is mainly distributed in the alpine grassland of East Africa. Here we sampled 65 individuals of eight populations/locations of H. rueppelii including hairy and glabrous forms from Mts. Elgon, Aberdare, Kenya, Kilimanjaro and Bale Mountains. We then sequenced one nuclear and three chloroplast DNA fragments and conducted phylogeographic analyses to test the taxonomic rank of the two forms and causes for the differentiation （intrinsic reproductive isolation and geographic barrier）. The results demonstrate that the species consists of two major groups, one includes the populations from Mts. Elgon, Aberdare and Bale, while the other includes Mts. Kenya and Kilimanjaro. The species has established in Mts. Kenya and Aberdare during the Pleistocene. However, migration rate for individuals between the two mountains was low as showed by gene flow analysis. A barrier for plant dispersal and gene flow would have existed between Mts. Aberdare and Kenya since at least Pleistocene. No change of the taxonomic concept of this species is needed. This study reveals a potential geographic barrier in East Africa. We hope it will arouse more scientists＇ interests in phylogeography and biodiversity of East Africa.

Hamiltonian Analysis of 3-Dimensional Connection Dynamics in Bondi-like Coordinates

The Hamiltonian analysis for a 3-dimensional connection dynamics of o（1, 2）, spanned by {L-＋, L-2, L＋2） instead of {Lol, L02, L12}, is first conducted in a Bondi-like coordinate system. The symmetry of the system is clearly presented. A null coframe with 3 independent variables and 9 connection coefficients are treated as basic configuration variables. All constraints and their consistency conditions, the solutions of Lagrange multipliers as well as the equations of motion are presented. There is no physical degree of freedom in the system. The Bafiados-Teitelboim-Zanelli （BTZ） spaeetime is discussed as an example to check the analysis. Unlike the ADM formalism, where only non-degenerate geometries on slices are dealt with and the Ashtekar formalism, where non-degenerate geometries on slices are mainly concerned though the degenerate geometries may be studied as well, in the present formalism the geometries on the slices are always degenerate though the geometries for the spacetime are not degenerate.