新的拟物理学机制全局最优化方法

为了探索新的拟物理学机制优化方法的寻优机制,提高拟物理学机制优化方法的性能,提出一种新的拟物理学机制的全局优化算法。首先,该方法以核力场作为物理学启发机制,相对于其他启发机制,拟核力场机制具有更好的普适性,能充分体现数据质点在解空间分布的聚簇特性,因此该方法具有更好的收敛速度;其次,该方法将优化问题的可行解视为核力场空间中有一定质量的虚拟质点,在核力场作用下搜索全局最优解,因此该方法也具有好的全局搜索能力;最后,通过一组典型测试函数的比较计算,证明了该方法的有效性。

The Establishment and Characterization of a Continuous Cell Line of Mouse Cervical Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To establish a murine uterine cervical cancer cell line and to define its biological characters. METHODS Transplanted tumor tissue was used for in vitro primary culture of U14 cervical carcinoma cells. After 20 passages, we examined its morphology, chromosomes, tumorigenicity and produced a growth curve. CK was detected by immunohistochemistry, the cell cycle determined by flow cytometry and the metastatic potential assessed in 615 and C57BL/c mice. We also transfected the cells with the pEGFP-N1 plasmid. RESULTS A newly established murine cell line was passaged 50 times over a period of 10 months. The cells grow as a partially suspended culture, and are immunohistochemically CK（＋）. The cell line is characterized by a hypotetraploid karyotype, a chromosomal number of 64-68 and a doubling time of 21.8 h. Exponential growth occurs by the third and forth day of culture. Cell cycle analysis showed G1 34%, G2 26%, and 40% in the S phase. The tumorigenicity was 100% upon implantation. No mycoplasma contamination was detected. A monoclonal continuous U14-GFP cell strain which was 100% GFP （＋） was also produced. CONCLUSION We successfully established a new murine cervical U14 carcinoma cell line and an U14-GFP monoclonal strain. These cell lines are ideal for combined in vivo and in vitro tumor research.

全球每年6万物种灭绝

由于人类活动。

Less common neoplasms of the pancreas

Recently, there has been an increased recognition of neoplasms of the pancreas other than ductal adenocarcinorna. Although not as well studied or characterized as pancreatic adenocarcinorna there are many distinct lesions which exhibit diverse biological behaviors and varying degrees of malignancy. These lesions include： endocrine neoplasms, cystic tumors, solid pseudopapillary tumors, acinar cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, primary lymphoma of the pancreas, and metastatic lesions to the pancreas. These less common neoplasms are being diagnosed more frequently as the number and sensitivity of diagnostic imaging studies increase. This review article discusses the clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of these less common, but quite relevant, neoplasms of the pancreas.

Effective siRNA targets screening for human telomerase reverse transcriptase

AIM: To study the inhibitory effects of siRNAs targeting different hTERT sequences and to screen the effective siRNA sequence.METHODS: Five double-stranded siRNAs targeting coding and non-coding regions of hTERT gene were designed and synthesized by T7 transcription system in vitro. siRNA4sequence was screened by full length gene targeting technique and the rest of the siRNA sequences were selected randomly. After being purified by ethanol precipitation, the siRNAs were transfected to the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HepG2) by Lipofectamine 2000TM. At 48-72 h after siRNAs transfection, MTT assay,RT-PCR and Western-blot were applied to evaluate the effects of siRNAs on cell growth, mRNA and protein expression level of hTERT gene, respectively.RESULTS: Compared to the control cells, the cells treated with the five double-stranded siRNAs exhibited different degrees of inhibition of cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. siRNA2 and siRNA4, exhibited obvious effects of inhibiting hTERT mRNA and protein expression in HepG2cells.CONCLUSION: siRNAs targeting different hTERT sequences have significantly various inhibitory effects on hTERT gene expression. The siRNA sequence screened by full length gene targeting technique has comparable inhibitory effect with the rest siRNA sequences screened by random selection, suggesting that siRNAs and antisense oligonucleic acids may have the same effective target sites. Compared with chemical synthesis method,synthesizing double-stranded siRNA by T7 transcription system in vitro is a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method suitable for screening high-effect siRNA targeting site for specific gene.

Quantitative description of infrared radiation characteristics for solid materials subjected to external loading

Based on the thermodynamics theory and physical micro-properties of solid materials subjected to external loading at room temperature,a formula of calculating temperature difference of infrared radiation in terms of the sum of three principal strains was deduced to quantitatively investigate the infrared radiation characteristics in test. Two typical specimens,the three-point bending beam and the disc pressed in diameter,were tested and their principal strains were calculated by finite element method in order to obtain the temperature differences of infrared radiation. Numerical results are in a good agreement with test results,which verifies the validity of the formula of calculating temperature differences of infrared radiation and the model of quantitatively describing the infrared radiation characteristics of solid materials,and reveals the corresponding inner physical mechanism.

Adsorption of oil from waste water by coal:characteristics and mechanism

The work described here was focused on exploring the potential application of coal to purification of oily waste water.Coal was added to oily waste water as an adsorbent and then removed through a flotation process.This allowed economical and highly efficient separation of oil from the waste water.The absorption time,coal type,coal particle size distribution,pH value and oil concentration were investigated.The results indicate that oil absorption by a coal increases for a period of 1.5 h and then gradually tends toward an equilibrium value.It appears that the absorption capacity of anthracite is more than that of lean coal or lignite,given the same coal particle size distribution.The absorption capacity of a coarse coal fraction is less than that of finer coal,given the same of coal type.The absorption capacity of anthracite decreases slightly as the pH increases from 4 to 9.The adsorption of oil on anthracite follows the Freundlich isothermal adsorption law:given initial oil concentrations of 160.5 or 1023.6 mg/L the absorption capacity was 23.8 or 840.0 mg/g.The absorption mechanism consists of two kinds of absorption,a physical process assisted by a chemical one.

Osteoporosis as A Source of Tissue Mineralization Research on Osteoporosis Therapy and Dissolution of Arterial Mineralization

Based on research conducted by the author in the last thirty-five years, this article presents the physicochemical mechanisms of the osteoporosis process, transport of substances created as its result, and the phenomena of tissue mineralization resulting from osteoporosis. Examination of bones, joint cartilage, arteries, veins, parts of heart, thyroid, salivary glands, various tumors and others was conducted with the use of biological and polarizing microscopy, SEM, EDS, ASA, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Several devices of the same kind, e.g. different types of SEM, were used. Specimens used for examination were obtained from post-surgery and post rnortem materials. Examination of human bones focused on their mineralization and demineralization （osteoporosis）. Examination of the mineralization of other tissues was conducted in terms of the ageing of human body. Obtained results show that the process of osteoporosis leads not just to mechanical degradation of bones, but through the transport of ions （mainly Ca and P）, it also causes mineralization of soft tissue. Such mineralization occurs in mineralization centers that have been classified in regard to genetics. Tissue mineralization in its first stage is latent and consists of including atoms, mainly Ca and P, into the biological structures of compounds that build the tissues. Latent mineralization may evolve into the next stage--apparent mineralization. Both types of mineralization cause many health issues and may lead to death. This article also presents initial results of research on dissolution of aortic mineralization.

Introduction to Unity of Physics and Biology, Inorganic Life Materials

The unity between physics and biology refers to that the inorganic systems： the Solar System, galaxies and artificial systems have the same structures and functions as the organisms. The development of science and technology is demonstrating the intense unification trends of physics and biology and a holistic science and technology era is about to start. The physics and biology unify on the basis of the four seasons＇ law, which is the most important rule of the universe. Life is defined as the four seasons＇ whole with the structure and process of four seasons. The organism is basically structured into a dual four-season body by state-varying, state-stabilizing and control organizations. Animals, the Solar System and the earth are all the dual four-season bodies. In the unity between physics and biology, the inorganic life materials and inorganic life body can be manufactured artificially.

MECHANISM OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE IN DOGS

Objective To probe the mechanism of pathological changes of intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH). Methods The evaluation of neurological status,serial CT scans and pathological examination were applied on the canine model of IVH. The ventricular volume and blood clot volume were measured based on the CT images. Results The normal adult canine ventricle tend to be slitlike. After injection, the ventricle was obviously dilated by the blood clot. The linear regression of ventricular volume against blood clot volume was significant in the first week. From then on, however, while the clots continued to shrink, the ventricular volume showed progressive enlargement. The clots were lysed completely within 3 to 4 weeks. The linear regression of the degree of ventricular dilatation against the first clot volume was also significant. In the pathological examination, we found the ependymal lining of ventricular system was destroyed and neurons in the subependymal areas developed acidophil necrosis, which was prominent around Sylvian aqueduct. Conclusion Hemorrhagic ventricular dilatation(HVD) is a prominent feature of IVH and also is a strong indicator for poor prognosis. Ischemic changes of periventricular neurons in some important structures may be the most direct cause for poor outcome of IVH. It may be induced by periventricular vascular structures compressed by HVD, increased intracranial pressure, cerebral vasospasm and others.

Exploring the Action Mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology

ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to explore the molecular mechanism of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in the treatment of glioblastoma(GBM)by using the methods of bioinformatics and network pharmacology.Methods The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)and literature retrieval method were applied to obtain the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),and to predict the relevant targets of the active ingredients.The GBM-related targets were retrieved and screened through the Gene Expression Profling Interactive Analysis(GEPIA)database,and mapped to each other with the targets of the components of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)to obtain the intersection targets.The GBM differentially expressed gene targets were imported into the String database to obtain the protein interaction relationship,the Cytoscape software was used to draw the protein interaction network,the Cytobba and MCODE plug-ins were used to screen the core genes and important protein interaction modules,and the GEPIA database was applied to make survival analysis of the core genes.The network map of“active ingredients-targets”was constructed through the Cytoscape 3.6.1 software.Gene Ontology(GO)biological function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis for GBM differentially expressed genes were performed through the DAVID database.ResultsThrough TCMSP and literature retrieval,23 potential active ingredients and 129 related targets were obtained from Yadanzi(Brucea javanica).In the GEPIA database,247 GBM differentially expressed genes were screened,including 113 upregulated genes and 134 downregulated genes.After mapping with the targets related to the active ingredients of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica),six intersection targets were obtained,that is,the potential action targets of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)in treating GBM,including MMP2,HMOX1,BIRC5,EGFR,CCNB2,and TOP2A.Cytoscape software was applied to build an“active ingredient-action target”network.Two active ingredients and five action targets of β-sitosterol(BS)and luteolin were found,and the targets were mainly concentrated in BS.It was found by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis that GBM differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in signaling pathways related to Staphylococcus aureus infection,phagosome formation,tuberculosis and systemic lupus erythematosus and other infectious and autoimmune diseases.It was found by GO enrichment analysis that the GBM differentially expressed genes mainly involved such biological processes(BP)as the processing and presentation of exogenous antigenic peptides and polysaccharide antigens through MHC Il molecules,y-interferon-mediated signaling pathways,extracellular matrix composition,and chemical synapses transmission;it involved cellular components such as cell junctions,axon terminal buttons,extracellular space,vesicle membranes for endocytosis,and MHC Il protein complexes;molecular functions such as calcium-mediated ionic protein binding,MHC Il molecular receptor activity,immunoglobulin binding,and phospholipase inhibitor activity were also involved.Survival analysis was conducted by GEPIA on the top 37 core targets in degree value,and a total of five genes related to GBM prognosis were obtained.Among them,FN1 and MMP2 were highly expressed while GABRD(v-aminobutyric acid A receptor delta subunit),RBFOX1,and SLC6A7 were expressed at a low level in cancer patients.Conclusion The pathogenesis of GBM is closely related to the human immune system,and BS and luteolin may be the main material basis of Yadanzi(Brucea javanica)for the treatment of GBM and the improvement of prognosis.The molecular mechanism may be related to the physical barrier formed by destroying the tumor cell stromal 68 Treatment of Glioblastoma Based on Bioinformatics and Network Pharmacology Zhao,Si.molecules and its involvement in tumor immune response.

PATHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF EXPERIMENTAL ACETABULAR DYSPLASIA

Objective To investigate the pathological mechanism of hip dysplasia. Methods The leftknee joints of eighteen rabbits were fixed in extending position with plaster cylinder for four weeks, but their hip joints were flexed. The right side served as control. Roentgenogram was made in all animals. The changes of the x-ray films and the pathological findings between left and right hips were compared. Results Appearance of hip dysplasia was obvious at four weeks after plaster fixation. There were pathological changes, including shallow ace-tabulum and flat femoral head, increased acetabular index and decreased acetabular head index on the x-ray films. Conclusion The hip dysplasia is the result of prolonged extending position of the knee joint. Abnormal knee posture seems to be one of the important factors of hip dysplasia. This kind of deformation may be worsened with time.

姆潘巴效应

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Can Biochar Protect Labile Organic Matter Against Mineralization in Soil?

Biochar could help to stabilize soil organic （SOM） matter, thus sequestering carbon （C） into the soil. The aim of this work was to determine an easy method i） to estimate the effects of the addition of biochar and nutrients on the organic matter （SOM） mineralization in an artificial soil, proposed by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development （OECD）, amended with glucose and ii） to measure the amount of labile organic matter （glucose） that can be sorbed and thus be partially protected in the same soil, amended or not amended with biochar. A factorial experiment was designed to check the effects of three single factors （biochar, nutrients, and glucose） and their interactions on whole SOM mineralization. Soil samples were inoculated with a microbial inoculum and preincubated to ensure that their biological activities were not limited by a small amount of microbial biomass, and then they were incubated in the dark at 21 ~C for 619 d. Periodical measurements of C mineralized to carbon dioxide （CO2） were carried out throughout the 619-d incubation to allow the mineralization of both active and slow organic matter pools. The amount of sorbed glucose was calculated as the difference between the total and remaining amounts of glucose added in a soil extract. Two different models, the Freundlich and Langmuir models, were selected to assess the equilibrium isotherms of glucose sorption. The CO2-C release strongly depended on the presence of nutrients only when no biochar was added to the soil. The mineralization of organic matter in the soil amended with both biochar and glucose was equal to the sum of the mineralization of the two C sources separately. Furthermore, a significant amount of glucose can be sorbed on the biochar-amended soil, suggesting the involvement of physico-chemical mechanisms in labile organic matter protection.

RNA-protein distance patterns in ribosomes reveal the mechanism of translational attenuation

Elucidating protein translational regulation is crucial for understanding cellular function and drug development.A key molecule in protein translation is ribosome,which is a super-molecular complex extensively studied for more than a half century.The structure and dynamics of ribosome complexes were resolved recently thanks to the development of X-ray crystallography,Cryo-EM,and single molecule biophysics.Current studies of the ribosome have shown multiple functional states,each with a unique conformation.In this study,we analyzed the RNA-protein distances of ribosome(2.5 MDa)complexes and compared these changes among different ribosome complexes.We found that the RNA-protein distance is significantly correlated with the ribosomal functional state.Thus,the analysis of RNA-protein binding distances at important functional sites can distinguish ribosomal functional states and help understand ribosome functions.In particular,the mechanism of translational attenuation by nascent peptides and antibiotics was revealed by the conformational changes of local functional sites.

The multiple mechanisms of tripterygium wilfordii-induced acute kidney injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common and serious health issue with a growing incidence and mortality rate.Tripterygium wilfordii(TW)is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been reported to cause kidney damage.However,the associated mechanism of TW-induced AKI remains unclear.Therefore,we aimed to uncover the associated mechanisms of AKI induced by TW using network pharmacology and bioinformatics.The candidate compounds of TW and the potential targets were screened using TCMSP and CTD database,and the AKI-related targets were identified from the Dis Ge NET database.The disease targets were intersected with the drug targets,and the Wayne diagram was drawn by Venny 2.1.0 software.We developed proteinprotein interactions(PPI)network and the“disease-compound-target-pathway”network through the Cytoscape software.By using the DAVID database,GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was carried out to reveal the potential signaling pathways of the compound-TW-induced AKI.Meanwhile,the Auto dock vina 1.1.2 was used for molecular docking to verify the active compound and key targets’binding ability.Critical compounds and key targets of TW-induced AKI were identified,including triptolide,kaempferol,β-sitosterol,nobiletin,stigmasterol,TNF,and so on.The GO analysis showed that potential genes’biological function was mainly involved in apoptosis,oxidative stress,and inflammation.Moreover,eight signaling pathways were found,including the HIF-1 signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,apoptosis,and so on.The molecular docking results proved that the core compound’s affinity with the corresponding protein of the gene targets was good.This study preliminarily predicted the core toxic compounds,targets,and related pathways of TW-induced AKI,providing a theoretical basis for the follow-up clinical rational drug use and related research work of TW.

The intrinsic mechanism of corrosion resistance for FCC high entropy alloys

The concept of high entropy alloys(HEAs) or multi-principal component alloys has inspired a great progress of physical metallurgy along with several unusual phenomena. The high corrosion resistance of HEAs was frequently mentioned but without convincing explanations. In this paper, the intrinsic mechanism of corrosion resistance in FCC HEAs was revealed by designing equal atomic alloys with single solid solution phase. The results showed that the Cr element in FCC HEAs played the dominant role in the corrosion resistance rather than the simple structure from high entropy effect or uniform element distribution.

Copper/cuprous sulfide electrode: preparation and performance

Cuprous sulfide （Cu2S） is a direct band-gap p-type semiconductor with excellent ionic/electronic hybrid conductivity. Alt- hough Cu/Cu2S/sulfide or polysulfide system is adopted as counter electrode of quantum-dots-sensitized solar cells （QDSSC）, the electrode process is seldom reported. Here, the electrochemical growth of Cu2S film on a copper （Cu） surface, the redox behaviors of sulfide and polysulfide, and the all-in-solid charge-transfer properties of Cu2S film are investigated. It is clarified that the copper electrode simultaneously undergoes an activated process, a membrane growth process, and a redox phase transformation process. The solid charge-transfer capability of CuzS is quantified with a high exchange-current density of 2.27 A/cm2, which elucidates that the Cu/CuzS electrode is a qualified material for counter electrodes of QDSSC. These results aid understanding of the physicochemical mechanism of QDSSC with a polysulfide electrolyte and Cu/Cu2S counter electrode.

Designing non-Hermitian real spectra through electrostatics

Non-hermiticity presents a vast newly opened territory that harbors new physics and applications such as lasing and sensing.However,only non-Hermitian systems with real eigenenergies are stable,and great efforts have been devoted in designing them through enforcing parity-time(PT)symmetry.In this work,we exploit a lesser-known dynamical mechanism for enforcing real-spectra,and develop a comprehensive and versatile approach for designing new classes of parent Hamiltonians with real spectra.Our design approach is based on a new electrostatics analogy for modifed non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence,where electrostatic charge corresponds to density of states and electric felds correspond to complex spectral fow.As such,Hamiltonians of any desired spectra and state localization profle can be reverse-engineered,particularly those without any guiding symmetry principles.By recasting the diagonalization of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians as a Poisson boundary value problem,our electrostatics analogy also transcends the gain/loss-induced compounding of foating-point errors in traditional numerical methods,thereby allowing access to far larger system sizes.