关于致密砂岩储层物性特征及其影响因素的探讨

国家对能源需求不断扩大,尤其是油气资源需求量不断提高,但随着开采时间的推移,可获取的能源量不断下降,现阶段的开采量受到了重大影响。虽然目前对致密油的了解程度相对较低,但通过对致密砂岩储层物理性质特征及其影响因素的探讨分析,可以为后续的勘探工作奠定良好的基础,还可以为后续的储层分类评价提供理论依据。基于此,本文以陇东鄂尔多斯盆地地区相关参数特征入手进行分析,展开具体的储层物理性质特征分析,明确具体的影响因素,为相关工作提供理论基础。

基于质构特征物理性质的中药临方凝胶贴膏涂布性能研究

目的:探究基质用量与涂布前膏体质构特征物理性质(特征物理性质)、贴膏涂布性能之间的相关性。方法:以贴膏成型质量和涂布性能为指标,选取部分中和的聚丙烯酸钠(NP700)、甘羟铝等6个重要辅料基质进行处方设计,每种基质用量设定为5个水平,共计30首处方。采用物性测定仪对30首不同处方、7个不同时间点的210个涂布前膏体样品的涂抹性、硬度、黏弹性等特征物理性质参数进行测定,运用相关性分析、主成分分析等方法对数据进行处理。结果:随基质NP700、聚维酮K30、酒石酸用量及油相比例的增大,涂布前膏体的涂抹性、硬度、稠度、提拉强度、内聚力、变化速率及黏弹性特征物理性质参数均相应增大,适宜的涂布时间缩短,容易出现皱布现象。在对样品特征物理性质参数进行主成分分析后,210个样品可明显分为可涂布和不可涂布样品两大类。结论:通过减少基质NP700、聚维酮K30、酒石酸用量及油相比例,可降低涂布前膏体涂抹性、硬度、稠度、内聚力等特征物理性质参数,从而对贴膏的涂布性能进行优化。

基于制剂原料及中间体理化性质的中药凝胶贴膏成型规律研究

以中药饮片细粉为制剂原料,研究制剂原料及中间体理化性质与中药凝胶贴膏成型质量之间的相关性及其成型规律。选取48种中药复方为模型处方制备凝胶贴膏,使用旋转流变仪分别测定各处方膏体的储能模量(G′)、损耗模量(G″)、屈服应力(τ)、蠕变柔量[J(t)]等流变学参数。通过主观评分和客观评分对制备的中药凝胶贴膏进行质量评价,对各处方膏体的特征物理性质进行聚类、主成分等统计分析。以膏体的流变学性质对贴膏成型质量进行预测,贴膏7 d后成型质量预测准确率为83.72%,对30 d后的贴膏成型质量预测准确率达88.37%。当膏体G′、G″等参数较大且J(t)较小时,贴膏成型质量较好;当膏体的涂布点≥3时,膏体涂布困难。此外,当处方中含金属离子中药占比较高时,主要影响贴膏30 d成型质量,黏性较低。当处方中含酸性化学成分占比较高时,主要影响贴膏7 d成型质量,残留较多。研究结果提示基于膏体的流变学性质,可预测中药饮片细粉凝胶贴膏的成型质量,为中药凝胶贴膏的处方开发提供参考。

Studies of Soil Physical Properties and Community Characteristics of Different Abandoned Lands in the Minqin Oasis,Downstream of the Shiyang River

[Objective] The aim was to explore physical properties and community characteristics of abandoned lands in different years in Minqin Oasis, downstream of the Shiyang River, [Method] The evolution of environment and plant community characteristics in different abandoned lands were analyzed after abandonment for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 15, 24 and 31 years, and the plant community characteristics, water content, bulk density, porosity and mechanical composition of soil in the different a- bandoned lands were also researched in the Minqin Oasis, downstream of the Shiyang River. [Result] Plant of 32 species spread over 14 family live through fifty years appeared in abandoned lands in the study area. Shrubs was 6 species, herbs was 26 species among them, which were 18.75%, 81.25% respectively. The goose- foot family （6 species）, the composite family（4 species）,the grass family（4 species）, caltrop family（3 species） were 53.13% among them. Within the range of 0-40 cm of different abandoned Land, the soil moisture content showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of soil depth changes in soil bulk density and porosity of less obvious. In the range of 0-40 cm soil depth, the largest proportion of fine sand, followed by silt and clay and the smallest proportion of coarse sand in every plot, but the proportion of the each silt size varies little with the years aban- doned. [Conclusion] The research provides references for vegetation reconstruction and eco-environment construction in abandoned lands in downstream of Shiyang River.

Effect of industrial microwave irradiation on the physicochemical properties and pyrolysis characteristics of lignite

The surface functional groups and pyrolysis characteristics of lignite irradiated by microwave were comparatively studied to evaluate the feasibility of using industrial 915 MHz for lignite drying. The drying kinetics, micro structure, chemical functional groups, re-adsorption properties, and pyrolysis characteristics of the dried coal were respectively analyzed. Results indicated that for typical Chinese lignite studied in this paper, 915 MHz microwave drying was 7.8 times faster than that of the hot air drying. After industrial microwave drying, the sample possessed much higher total specific surface area and specific pore volume than that of air dried sample. The oxygen functional groups and re-adsorption ratio of microwave irradiated coal decreased, showing weakened hydrophilicity. Moreover, during the pyrolysis of the coal dried by hot air and microwave, the yield of tar largely increased from 1.3% to 8.5% and the gas production increased correspondingly. The composition of the tar was also furtherly analyzed, results indicated that Miscellaneous hydrocarbons(HCs) were the main component of the tar, and microwave irradiation can reduce the fraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) from 26.4% to 22.7%.

Joint inversion of gravity and multiple components of tensor gravity data

Geological structures often exhibit smooth characteristics away from sharp discontinuities. One aim of geophysical inversion is to recover information about the smooth structures as well as about the sharp discontinuities. Because no specific operator can provide a perfect sparse representation of complicated geological models, hyper-parameter regularization inversion based on the iterative split Bregman method was used to recover the features of both smooth and sharp geological structures. A novel preconditioned matrix was proposed, which counteracted the natural decay of the sensitivity matrix and its inverse matrix was calculated easily. Application of the algorithm to synthetic data produces density models that are good representations of the designed models. The results show that the algorithm proposed is feasible and effective.

经典名方关键质量属性及影响因素分析

经典名方是中医药宝库中的瑰宝,也是中医药科学价值的具体体现,现今国家颁布了一系列管理规定及技术指导原则,以鼓励经典名方制剂的研发。在研发过程中,关键质量属性(critical quality attributes,CQAs)作为反映经典名方质量与疗效的特征属性,是经方制剂研发的重点与核心。目前,经典名方关键质量属性研究主要采用“特征图谱、指标性成分含量与出膏率相结合”的评价模式,但若要全面反映经典名方制剂质量,某些影响经典名方安全性与有效性的潜在CQAs及其重要影响因素值得深入探究。通过从经方研发的“药材、饮片、基准样品、制剂”4个环节分析其中值得关注的“物理、化学、生物或微生物”3个层面的CQAs及其重要影响因素,以期为经典名方的创新研发、质量控制及临床应用提供参考,促进经典名方的高品质传承和高质量发展。