The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model （CREM）, a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dyna...The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model （CREM）, a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （LASG/IAP）, in simulating rainfall anomalies during the ENSO decaying summers from 1982 to 2002 was evalu- ated. The added value of rainfall simulation relative to reanalysis data and the sources of model bias were studied. Results showed that the model simulated rainfall anomalies moderately well. The model did well at capturing the above-normal rainfall along the Yangtze River valley （YRV） during E1 Nifio decaying summers and the below and above-normal rainfall centers along the YRV and the Huaihe River valley （HRV）, respectively, during La Nifia decaying summers. These features were not evident in rainfall products derived from the reanalysis, indicating that rainfall simulation did add value. The main limitations of the model were that the simulated rainfall anomalies along the YRV were far stronger and weaker in magnitude than the observations during E1 Nifio decaying summers and La Nifia decaying summers, respectively. The stronger magnitude above-normal rainfall during E1 Nifio decaying summers was due to a stronger northward transport of water vapor in the lower troposphere, mostly from moisture advection. An artificial, above-normal rainfall center was seen in the region north to 35°N, which was associated with stronger northward water vapor transport. Both lower tropospheric circulation bias and a wetter model atmosphere contributed to the bias caused by water vapor transport. There was a stronger southward water vapor transport from the southern boundary of the model during La Nifia decaying summers; less remaining water vapor caused anomalously weaker rainfall in the model as compared to observations.展开更多
Based on time series and linear trend analysis, the authors evaluated the performance of the fourth gen- eration atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy...Based on time series and linear trend analysis, the authors evaluated the performance of the fourth gen- eration atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （IAP AGCM4.0）, in simulating surface air temperature （SAT） during the twentieth century over China and the globe. The numerical experiment is con- ducted by driving the model with the observed sea surface temperature and sea ice. It is shown that IAP AGCM4.0 can simulate the warming trend of the global SAT, with the major wanning regions in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the mid-latitudes of the South- ern Hemisphere. While the simulated trend over the whole globe is close to the observation, the model trader- estimates the observed trend over the continents. More- over, the model simulates the spatial distribution of SAT in China, with a bias of approximately -2℃ in eastern China, but with a more serious bias in western China. Compared with the global mean, however, the correlation coefficient between the simulation and observation in China is significantly lower, indicating that there is large uncertainty in simulating regional climate change.展开更多
A new growth model is introduced to describe surfactant-induced growth of Ag on Ag （111） with realistic physical parameters. In this model, the A-S exchange mechanism is considered for the first time. Using the Mont...A new growth model is introduced to describe surfactant-induced growth of Ag on Ag （111） with realistic physical parameters. In this model, the A-S exchange mechanism is considered for the first time. Using the Monte Carlo simulations, the influence of exchange mechanism, surface temperature T, the exchange barrier Eεx, and the coverage of surfactant θM on the growth mode and morphology during multilayer film growth of Ag/Ag （111） are studied in detail Both the referenced value of surfactant coverage and the method to obtain perfect layer-by-layer film in surfactantinduced Ag/Ag （111） system are provided. Our simulation results are consistent with many experimental observations for surfactant-induced growth of Ag on Ag （111）.展开更多
基金supported by the China-UK-Swiss Adapting to Climate Change in China(ACCC)Project-Climate Sciencethe Chinese Academy of Science Project under Grant KZCX2-YW-Q11-04
文摘The performance of the Climate version of the Regional Eta-coordinate Model （CREM）, a regional climate model developed by State Key Laboratory of Numerical modeling for Atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics/Institute of Atmospheric Physics （LASG/IAP）, in simulating rainfall anomalies during the ENSO decaying summers from 1982 to 2002 was evalu- ated. The added value of rainfall simulation relative to reanalysis data and the sources of model bias were studied. Results showed that the model simulated rainfall anomalies moderately well. The model did well at capturing the above-normal rainfall along the Yangtze River valley （YRV） during E1 Nifio decaying summers and the below and above-normal rainfall centers along the YRV and the Huaihe River valley （HRV）, respectively, during La Nifia decaying summers. These features were not evident in rainfall products derived from the reanalysis, indicating that rainfall simulation did add value. The main limitations of the model were that the simulated rainfall anomalies along the YRV were far stronger and weaker in magnitude than the observations during E1 Nifio decaying summers and La Nifia decaying summers, respectively. The stronger magnitude above-normal rainfall during E1 Nifio decaying summers was due to a stronger northward transport of water vapor in the lower troposphere, mostly from moisture advection. An artificial, above-normal rainfall center was seen in the region north to 35°N, which was associated with stronger northward water vapor transport. Both lower tropospheric circulation bias and a wetter model atmosphere contributed to the bias caused by water vapor transport. There was a stronger southward water vapor transport from the southern boundary of the model during La Nifia decaying summers; less remaining water vapor caused anomalously weaker rainfall in the model as compared to observations.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Related Issues of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05110201)the Development and Validation of High Resolution Climate System Model of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2010CB951901)
文摘Based on time series and linear trend analysis, the authors evaluated the performance of the fourth gen- eration atmospheric general circulation model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences （IAP AGCM4.0）, in simulating surface air temperature （SAT） during the twentieth century over China and the globe. The numerical experiment is con- ducted by driving the model with the observed sea surface temperature and sea ice. It is shown that IAP AGCM4.0 can simulate the warming trend of the global SAT, with the major wanning regions in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the mid-latitudes of the South- ern Hemisphere. While the simulated trend over the whole globe is close to the observation, the model trader- estimates the observed trend over the continents. More- over, the model simulates the spatial distribution of SAT in China, with a bias of approximately -2℃ in eastern China, but with a more serious bias in western China. Compared with the global mean, however, the correlation coefficient between the simulation and observation in China is significantly lower, indicating that there is large uncertainty in simulating regional climate change.
基金the Natural Science Foundation for Young Scientists of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant No.RC02069
文摘A new growth model is introduced to describe surfactant-induced growth of Ag on Ag （111） with realistic physical parameters. In this model, the A-S exchange mechanism is considered for the first time. Using the Monte Carlo simulations, the influence of exchange mechanism, surface temperature T, the exchange barrier Eεx, and the coverage of surfactant θM on the growth mode and morphology during multilayer film growth of Ag/Ag （111） are studied in detail Both the referenced value of surfactant coverage and the method to obtain perfect layer-by-layer film in surfactantinduced Ag/Ag （111） system are provided. Our simulation results are consistent with many experimental observations for surfactant-induced growth of Ag on Ag （111）.
