Synthesis,crystal structure and photo-physical properties of tris(4-methyl-2,5-diphenylpyridine)iridium for OLED

Organic light-emitting diodes(OLEDs)have important applications in the field of next-generation displays and lighting,and phosphorescent iridium complexes are an important class of electroluminescent phosphorescent materials.In this paper,Ir(bmppy)_(3),tris(4-methyl-2,5-diphenylpyridine)iridium,was synthesized and elvaluted for photo-physical characteristics.Single crystals suitale for X-ray diffraction(XRD)were grown from a mixture solvent of dichloromethane and absolute ethanol.The composition and structur of Ir(bmppy)_(3)were determined by element analysis,NMR spectra and XRD.The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic symmetry with the space group P21/c with a slightly distorted octahedral configuration.As measured by UV-Visible and photoluminescence spectra,Ir(bmppy)_(3) displays a maximum emission at at 527 nm at ambient temperature,a typical green-emitting profile.The complex has potential for application in the OLED industry.

Research on anisotropy of shale oil reservoir based on rock physics model

Rock physics modeling is implemented for shales in the Luojia area of the Zhanhua topographic depression. In the rock physics model, the clay lamination parameter is introduced into the Backus averaging theory for the description of anisotropy related to the preferred alignment of clay particles, and the Chapman multi-scale fracture theory is used to calculate anisotropy relating to the fracture system. In accordance with geological features of shales in the study area, horizontal fractures are regarded as the dominant factor in the prediction of fracture density and anisotropy parameters for the inversion scheme. Results indicate that the horizontal fracture density obtained has good agreement with horizontal permeability measured from cores, and thus confirms the applicability of the proposed rock physics model and inversion method. Fracture density can thus be regarded as an indicator of reservoir permeability. In addition, the anisotropy parameter of the P-wave is higher than that of the S-wave due to the presence of horizontal fractures. Fracture density has an obvious positive correlation with P-wave anisotropy, and the clay content shows a positive correlation with S-wave anisotropy, which fully shows that fracture density has a negative correlation with clay and quartz contents and a positive relation with carbonate contents.

Analysis of radial basis function interpolation approach

The radial basis function （RBF） interpolation approach proposed by Freedman is used to solve inverse problems encountered in well-logging and other petrophysical issues. The approach is to predict petrophysical properties in the laboratory on the basis of physical rock datasets, which include the formation factor, viscosity, permeability, and molecular composition. However, this approach does not consider the effect of spatial distribution of the calibration data on the interpolation result. This study proposes a new RBF interpolation approach based on the Freedman＇s RBF interpolation approach, by which the unit basis functions are uniformly populated in the space domain. The inverse results of the two approaches are comparatively analyzed by using our datasets. We determine that although the interpolation effects of the two approaches are equivalent, the new approach is more flexible and beneficial for reducing the number of basis functions when the database is large, resulting in simplification of the interpolation function expression. However, the predicted results of the central data are not sufficiently satisfied when the data clusters are far apart.

Simultaneous inversion of petrophysical parameters based on geostatistical a priori information

The high-resolution nonlinear simultaneous inversion of petrophysical parameters is based on Bayesian statistics and combines petrophysics with geostatistical a priori information. We used the fast Fourier transform–moving average（FFT–MA） and gradual deformation method（GDM） to obtain a reasonable variogram by using structural analysis and geostatistical a priori information of petrophysical parameters. Subsequently, we constructed the likelihood function according to the statistical petrophysical model. Finally, we used the Metropolis algorithm to sample the posteriori probability density and complete the inversion of the petrophysical parameters. We used the proposed method to process data from an oil fi eld in China and found good match between inversion and real data with high-resolution. In addition, the direct inversion of petrophysical parameters avoids the error accumulation and decreases the uncertainty, and increases the computational effi ciency.

水环氢气压缩机在离子膜烧碱行业中的选型及应用

根据离子膜烧碱的生产工艺,通过电解槽反应公式,总结出氢气流量与烧碱产量的计算方法;并结合水环压缩机的工作原理与氢气的物理特性,运用流导公式,解开氢气与空气泄漏量的关系,然后通过举例对水环氢气压缩机的选型与机组设计作了详细的说明。

Impacts of global warming on marine zooplankton

Global warming has been being a serious issue since 1980, and it impacts environment and biosphere. Here, we reviewed the physiological and ecological responses of marine zooplankton which is an important component of biosphere to the global warming. Much research on physiological changes in response to different temperature is given to discuss this issue. Furthermore, we focused on ecological changes of zooplankton to global warming and several indices such as abundance, biomass, biodiversity and biogeographic boundary are enumerated. Phenological changes of zooplankton were presented, followed by the prospects of this subject, viz. observing more functional groups, more concerning on zooplankton in tropical region and investigation on a species-level zooplankton system.

如何提升课堂环境里学生的学习体验

研究表明任何人的行为以及心理都会和空间环境之间存在着某种微妙的联系。对于中小学生而言,他们的大部分时间是在学校里度过的,而学校里的大部分时间又是在教室里度过的,因而教室环境与中小学生的关系极为密切。然而,我们究竟该从哪些方面入手,才会使学生沐浴在一个轻松愉悦的学习环境里,从而使自身的学习更有效?

Fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma:from barcodes to biodiversity

Hypocrea/Trichoderma is a genus of soil-borne or wood-decaying fungi containing members important to mankind as producers of industrial enzymes and biocontrol agents against plant pathogens, but also as opportunistic pathogens of immuno- compromised humans and animals, while others can cause damage to cultivated mushroom. With the recent advent of a reliable, BarCode-aided identification system for all known taxa of Trichoderma and Hypocrea, it became now possible to study some of the biological fundamentals of the diversity in this fungal genus in more detail. In this article, we will therefore review recent progress in (1) the understanding of the geographic distribution of individual taxa; (2) mechanisms of speciation leading to development of mushroom diseases and facultative human mycoses; and (3) the possible correlation of specific traits of secondary metabolism and molecular phylogeny.

Effects of r-HuEPO on the biophysical characteristics of erythrocyte membrane in patients with anemia of chronic renal failure

Using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin labeling technique, we have studied the conformation of sulfhydryl groups(-SH) binding sites in membrane proteins and membrane fluidity of red blood cells (RBCs) from two groups of patients with anemia of chronic renal failure (ACRF). One of the groups is composed of patients who were untreated with recombinant human erythropoietin(r-HuEPO), and the other is composed of patients who were treated with r-HuEPO. The results indicated: 1) the conformation of SH group binding site in RBC membrane proteins from former group was different from those of health people. 2)the fluidity in the region near the surface of RBC membrane from former group was lower than those of healthy people. 3) However, the above biophysical properties of RBC membrane from later group were normal. We concluded that RBC membrane in patients with ACRF was abnormal, and the treatment of r-HuEPO may promote the production of normal RBCs, thus ameliorate the biophysical properties of RBCs from the patients with ACRF.

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.

Recent Advances in Researches on Physiologically Active Substances in Holothurians

In this report, we reviewed recent literature on physiologically active substances from sea cucumbers (SCs) andtheir activities together with results obtained from our study. Preventive properties against lipid metabolism were reported inrats using a whole SC preparation with no particular constituent specified. Administration of the preparation lowered serumand hepatic cholesterol levels and improved the HDL/LDL ratio. These functions may be attributed to the stimulatory effectof the extract on the secretion of cholesterol in feces. Novel fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (FCSs) from Ludwigothureagrisea significantly induced fibroblast growth factor 2-dependent angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HU-VECs). The proangiogenetic activity seemed attributable to the action of the sulfated fucose branches on the polysaccharide.SCs contain mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) that are capable of absorbing UV. A biogenetic precursor of MAAs wasfirst reported in SCs. The anti-proliferative effects of a branched chain fatty acid from a sea cucumber on prostate cancercells was reported with the activity of 5-lipoxygenase. Glycosphingolipid constituents in SCs have been systematically ana-lyzed over the past ten years. The results showed that the gangliosides in several SCs differed from those of mammals in thata sialic acid of SC gangliosides directly binded to glucose of cerebroside. Neuritogenic activity of the glycosphingolipids wasdemonstrated in vitro experiments and may lead to the development of therapeutic products for neurological disorders. Ourstudy also showed that sphingoid bases, the hydrolyzed products of glycosphingolipids from SCs, induced significant apoptosisin several tumor cell lines.

Effects of Freeze–thaw Cycles on Soil Mechanical and Physical Properties in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Extreme freeze-thaw action occurs on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau due to its unique climate resulting from high elevation and cold temperature.This action causes damage to the surface soil structure, as soil erosion in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is dominated by freeze-thaw erosion.In this research,freezing–thawing process of the soil samples collected from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau was carried out by laboratory experiments to determinate the volume variation of soil as well as physical and mechanical properties, such as porosity, granularity and uniaxial compressive strength, after the soil experiences various freeze–thaw cycles.Results show that cohesion and uniaxial compressive strength decreased as the volume and porosity of the soil increased after experiencing various freeze–thaw cycles, especially in the first six freeze–thaw cycles.Consequently, the physical and mechanical properties of the soil were altered.However, granularity and internal friction angle did not vary significantly with an increase in the freeze–thaw cycle.The structural damage among soil particles due to frozen water expansion was the major cause of changes in soil mechanical behavior in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.

Influence of expressed TRAIL on biophysical properties of the human leukemic cell line Jurkat

The cDNA fragment of human TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand) was cloned into RevTet-On, a Tetregulated and high-level gene expression system. The gene expression system was constructed in a human leukemic cell line: Jurkat. By using RevTet-On TRAIL gene expression system in Jurkat as a cell model, we studied the influence of TRAIL gene on the changes of cellular apoptosis before and after the TRAIL gene expression, which was induced by adding tetracycline derivative doxycycline (Dox). The results indicated that the cellular apoptosis ratio was largely dependent on the TRAIL gene expression level. Moreover, it was found that the apoptosis-inducing TRAIL could cause significant changes in the biophysical properties of Jurkat cells. The cell surface charge density decreased, the membrane fluidity declined, the elastic coefficients K_I increased, and the proportion of α-helix in membrane protein secondary structure decreased. Thus, the apoptosis-inducing TRAIL gene caused significant changes on the biomechanic properties of Jurkat cells.

Influence of Polymer Binder on the Physical Properties and Stability of Engineering Spoil on a Slope

An experiment was performed to study the influence of polymer binders on the physical properties,and stability against a simulated rainfall,of a slope consisting of engineering spoil.Results showed that low polymer binder concentrations(≤500g/m3) could enhance the air permeability and moisture-retaining capacity of the engineering spoil;however,adding more polymer binder made the hardness of the engineering spoil increase and then decline.With the increase of polymer binder concentrations,the surface(0-5cm) permeability of the engineering spoil decreased but the permeability of the lower layers(5-10cm) increased.Polymer binders might reduce runoff and sediment,but the effect becomes weaker with the increase of rainfall.The results of this study have significance for engineering practices.Further experiments are needed to study the effects of binders under other conditions,such as natural rainfall,different slopes,different rock types,different degrees and spoil weathering and different added material,and the chemical interaction between soil and polymer binders.

The Electro-Physical Properties of Rhenium Chalcogenides＇ Thin Films

The electro-physical properties of thin layers of rhenium chalcogenides＇ alloys, their dynamical and static ampere-voltaic characteristics were investigated. During the investigation of static and dynamical ampere-voltaic characteristics of rectifying contact of aluminium and rhenium chalcogenides＇ alloys the switching effects were found.

Controlling Chaotic Behavior in a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Linear Feedback

The spatial structure of a Bose-Einstein condensate （BEC） loaded into an optical lattice potential is investigated and the spatially chaotic distributions of the condensates are revealed. A method of chaos control with linear feedback is presented in this paper. By using the method, we propose a scheme of controlling chaotic behavior in a BEC with atomic mirrors. The results of the computer simulation show that controlling the chaos into the stable states could be realized by adjusting the coefficient of feedback only if the maximum Lyapunov exponent of the system is negative.

Physical properties of solid fuel briquettes from bituminous coal waste and biomass

Biomass and bituminous coal fines from four different coalfields were used to produce fuel briquettes. Two physical properties of briquettes, water resistance index and compressive strength were analyzed. The influence of type and quantity of biomass on physical properties was also studied. The results reveal that depending on the mineral content of the coal, the physical properties of the briquettes differ noticeably. The comparison of briquettes with and without biomass showed that the presence of the beet pulp increased CS in all types of coal samples. Samples containing beet pulp had better physical properties than sawdust. Mezino II coal briquettes had highest CS and WRI than the other ones. Calorific value of biomass/Mezino lI coal briquettes was lessened in comparison with raw coal, but it remained in an acceptable range.

Fitness and health benefits of team handball training for young untrained women--A cross-disciplinary RCT on physiological adaptations and motivational aspects

Purpose: The present study evaluated the effects of regular participation in small-sided team handball training on body composition, osteogenic response, physical performance, and cardiovascular risk factors, as well as well-being and motivation, in young untrained women.Methods: Twenty-eight untrained 20- to 30-year-old women were randomized to a handball training group(HG; n = 14, height 170 ± 5 cm, weight 73 ± 11 kg, VO_(2peak) 37.7 ± 4.1 mL/min/kg) that trained 1.7 ± 0.3 times per week over 12 weeks(70 min 4 v 4 handball sessions) or an inactive control group(CG; n = 14, 169 ± 5 cm, 71 ± 12 kg, 38.1 ± 3.7 mL/min/kg). Physiological and psychological and motivational training adaptations were assessed pre-and post-intervention by dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry(DXA) scans, blood sampling, physical tests, and questionnaires.Results: The average heart rate(HR) over all training sessions was equal to 85% ± 6% HR_(max). Between-group intervention effects were observed in favor of HG for muscle mass(2.1%, p = 0.024), proximal femur bone mineral density(0.8%, p = 0.041), Yo-Yo IE1 intermittent endurance test level 1(IE1) performance(35%, p < 0.001), and incremental treadmill test performance(11.5%, p = 0.003), but not total fat mass(p = 0.176),mean arterial blood pressure(p = 0.328), resting HR(p = 0.219), or blood lipids(p = 0.298—0.854). In CG, no changes were observed in any of the measured physiological variables after the training period. Compared to CG, HG had an increase in intrinsic motivation(p < 0.001) and in the well-being subscale "energy"(p = 0.010).Conclusion: Participation in regular recreational team handball training organized as small-sided games has marked beneficial effects on physical performance, musculoskeletal fitness, well-being, and motivation in untrained young women.

Physical and Hydrodynamic Properties of Spherical Cellulose-Titanium Dioxide Composite Matrix for Expanded Bed Adsorption

Expanded bed adsorption (EBA) has been widely used in industrial downstream bioprocessing. Solid matrix is the principal pillar supporting the successful application of EBA. A novel spherical cellulose-titanium dioxide composite matrix was prepared through the method of water-in-oil suspension thermal regeneration. Its typical physical properties were wet density 1.18g.cm-3, diameters in the range of 100-300um, porosity 85.5%, and water content 72.3%. Expansion characteristics and liquid mixing performance of the matrix in expanded bed were investigated using water and 10% (by mass) glycerol solution as mobile phases. The results indicate that the custom-assembled matrix has a stable flow hydrodynamics and exhibits the same degree of liquid-phase mixing or column efficiency as the commercially available Streamline adsorbent.

VARIATION IN MEMBRANE PROPERTIES FROM THE ACTION OF LAMININ ON MEMBRANE RECEPTORS

Biophysical studies were conducted on the action of laminin through membrane receptors of cancer cells. The results showed that variations occurred in the thermodynamic properties of membrane proteins,the mobility of hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids, and the permeability and transportation pathways of the membrane.