高校学术型物理研究生培养策略研究

随着时代的发展,高校学术型物理研究生的培养质量应得到进一步提升。针对当下高校研究生培养过程中存在的招录方式不合理、培养目标不明确和授课内容和教学形式较单一等问题,提出了应对策略:改革招生体系、清晰培养目标及毕业要求、完善课程体系、转变教学模式和组建优质学术型教师团队,希望对研究生培养单位和教师有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义。

理论物理研究生的智慧培养

从多个层次阐述了导师应该如何培养理论物理研究生的智慧:根据研究生的个体情况帮助他们选择合适的课题;引导学生以不同的思维方法去钻研同一问题,提高他们分析问题的能力及抽象、联想能力;通过多种途径开启学生的智慧,使研究生在理论物理的"娱乐"中寻求发挥独创性的满足。

物理学研究生基础课程思政建设的探索与实践——以“高等电动力学”课程为例

研究生专业课程是高校课程思政建设的重要载体.结合物理学专业研究生基础课程的特点,以“高等电动力学”为例,探索物理学专业研究生基础课程开展思政建设的方法.通过挖掘与梳理同课程教学内容相关的思政元素,重构内容体系,设计嵌入途径,凝练内化吸收,并根据教学效果反馈,着力调整,提质增效,实现价值塑造的全方位全过程渗透以及能力素质培养与知识传授的有机融合,达到电磁理论显性教育与思想政治隐性教育协同育人的效果.

物理学研究生基础课程教学改革的探索与实践——以“高等电动力学”为例

物理学研究生基础课程存在理论性强、抽象内容多、公式推导繁琐等特点,注重理论知识讲授的传统教学模式很难激起学生的学习兴趣,使学生保持长期的专注度。以我校"高等电动力学"课程为例,依托"基础理论教学与前沿研究、科研实践相融合"的模式,探索新型教学模式改革和优化教学效果的创新性方法。总结多年教学实践和经验体会,以期在教学内容选取、教学模式设计和考核形式优化上为高等院校物理学研究生基础课程的教学改革提供参考。

高等物理专业学生现代数学教育研究

讨论了物理和现代数学的紧密关系,分析了目前高等物理教育的现代数学教育现状,提出了在高等物理教育中更新现代数学教育内容的建议。认为,在本科阶段除了开设高等数学和数学物理方程课程外,还应开设微分几何和抽象代数课程,并将高等代数、点集拓扑和泛函分析作为选修课;在硕士阶段,除了开设群论课程外,还要开设微分流行和黎曼几何课程;在博士阶段,学生应该学习复几何和李代数。

利用同课异构提升物理教育研究生教学能力的探讨

同课异构能够构建教学研究平台、创设教学问题情境,是课程改革过程中广泛开展的新型教研模式。同课异构资源能够为物理教育研究生提供丰富的教学案例,创设物理问题情境。同课异构资源对物理教育研究生的能力培养非常有力,提出同课异构是培养物理教育研究生的有效途径。

Research status of carbonaceous matter in carbonaceous gold ores and bio-oxidation pretreatment

Carbonaceous gold mines are important refractory gold ores. The previous results demonstrate that the carbonaceous matter is mainly composed of elemental carbon, organic acid and hydrocarbons. The dissolved aurocyanide complex is robbed by adsorption of carbonaceous matter, which is similar to activated carbon in cyanide leaching of gold. The pretreatment methods of carbonaceous gold ores were introduced, including high temperature roasting, bio-oxidation, chemical oxidation, competitive adsorption, barrier inhibition and microwave roasting. Recently, bio-oxidation was developed rapidly due to its advantages such as mild conditions, simple processes, low energy consumption and friendly environment. The known microorganisms related with bio-oxidation pretreatment mainly are chemolithotroph bacteria such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The researches on decomposing and passivating carbonaceous matter were commenced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pseudomonadaceae and Streptomyces setonii. Finally, the main problems were analyzed and the application prospect of this technique was looked forward.

De novo transcriptome sequencing reveals candidate genes involved in orange shell coloration of bay scallop Argopecten irradians

Molluscan shell color has received persistent attention for its distinctive diversity and complexity. In the present study, six transcriptome libraries obtained from two developmental stages, pre-pigmentation and post-pigmentation, were used for paired-end sequencing in the bay scallop Argopecten irradians. In total, 289 839 646 paired-end reads were assembled into 70 929 transcripts. Using BLASTX and BLASTN, 30 896 unigenes were successfully annotated against the SWISS-PROT, NR, and KOG database. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes classification identified numbers of unigenes involved in biomineralization and pigmentation. Digital gene expression analysis revealed that melanin, trace metal elements and porphyrins are potentially involved in shell coloration of A. irradians.

Sequencing, de novo assembly and characterization of the spotted scat Scatophagus argus(Linnaeus 1766) transcriptome for discovery of reproduction related genes and SSRs

Spotted scat( Scatophagus argus) is an economically important farmed fish, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. Because there has been little research on reproductive development and regulation in this species, the lack of a mature artificial reproduction technology remains a barrier for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry. More genetic and genomic background knowledge is urgently needed for an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanism of reproductive process and identification of functional genes related to sexual differentiation, gonad maturation and gametogenesis. For these reasons, we performed transcriptomic analysis on spotted scat using a multiple tissue sample mixing strategy. The Illumina RNA sequencing generated 118 510 486 raw reads. After trimming, de novo assembly was performed and yielded 99 888 unigenes with an average length of 905.75 bp. A total of 45 015 unigenes were successfully annotated to the Nr, Swiss-Prot, KOG and KEGG databases. Additionally, 23 783 and 27 183 annotated unigenes were assigned to 56 Gene Ontology(GO) functional groups and 228 KEGG pathways, respectively. Subsequently, 2 474 transcripts associated with reproduction were selected using GO term and KEGG pathway assignments, and a number of reproduction-related genes involved in sex differentiation, gonad development and gametogenesis were identified. Furthermore, 22 279 simple sequence repeat(SSR) loci were discovered and characterized. The comprehensive transcript dataset described here greatly increases the genetic information available for spotted scat and contributes valuable sequence resources for functional gene mining and analysis. Candidate transcripts involved in reproduction would make good starting points for future studies on reproductive mechanisms, and the putative sex differentiation-related genes will be helpful for sex-determining gene identification and sex-specific marker isolation. Lastly, the SSRs can serve as marker resources for future research into genetics, marker-assisted selection(MAS) and conservation biology.

The first complete organellar genomes of an Antarctic red alga,Pyropia endiviifolia:insights into its genome architecture and phylogenetic position within genus Pyropia(Bangiales,Rhodophyta)

Pyropia species grow in the intertidal zone and are cold-water adapted. To date, most of the information about the whole plastid and mitochondrial genomes(ptDNA and mtDNA) of this genus is limited to Northern Hemisphere species. Here, we report the sequencing of the ptDNA and mtDNA of the Antarctic red alga Pyropia endiviifolia using the Illumina platform. The plastid genome(195 784 bp, 33.28% GC content) contains 210 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 6 rRNA genes. The mitochondrial genome(34 603 bp, 30.5% GC content) contains 26 protein-coding genes, 25 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes. Our results suggest that the organellar genomes of Py. endiviifolia have a compact organization. Although the collinearity of these genomes is conserved compared with other Pyropia species, the genome sizes show significant differences, mainly because of the different copy numbers of rDNA operons in the pt DNA and group II introns in the mtDNA. The other Pyropia species have 2–3 distinct intronic ORFs in their cox 1 genes, but Py. endiviifolia has no introns in its cox 1 gene. This has led to a smaller mtDNA than in other Pyropia species. The phylogenetic relationships within Pyropia were examined using concatenated gene sets from most of the available organellar genomes with both the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The analysis revealed a sister taxa affiliation between the Antarctic species Py. endiviifolia and the North American species Py. kanakaensis.

Molecular cloning and transcriptional analysis of a NPY receptor-like in common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica

Neuropeptide Y(NPY) has a pivotal role in the regulation of many physiological processes. In this study, the gene encoding a NPY receptor-like from the common Chinese cuttlefish Sepiella japonica( SjNPYR-like) was identified and characterized. The full-length SjNPYR-like cDNA was cloned containing a 492-bp of 5′ untranslated region(UTR), 1 182 bp open reading frame(ORF) encoding a protein of 393 amino acid residues, and 228 bp of 3′ UTR. The putative protein was predicted to have a molecular weight of 45.54 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI) of 8.13. By informatic analyses, SjNPYR-like was identified as belonging to the class A G protein coupled receptor(GPCR) family(the rhodopsin-type). The amino acid sequence contained 12 potential phosphorylation sites and five predicted N-linked glycosylation sites. Multiple sequence alignment and 3D structure modeling were conducted to clarify SjNPYR bioinformatics characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis identifies it as an NPYR with identity of 33% to Lymnaea stagnalis NPFR. Transmembrane properties of SjNPYR-like were demonstrated in vitro using HEK293 cells and the p EGFP-N1 plasmid. Relative quantifi cation of SjNPYR-like mRNA level confi rmed a high level expression and broad distribution of SjNPYR-like in various tissues of female S. japonica. In addition, the transcriptional profile of SjNPYR-like in the brain, liver, and ovary during gonadal development was analyzed. The results provide basic understanding on the molecular characteristics of SjNPYR-like and its potentially physical functions.

Chlorophenols in marine organisms from the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay,China,and an assessment of risks posed to human health

The composition of chlorophenols in marine organisms from the southern coast of Hangzhou Bay, China, was analyzed and the health risks posed to humans assessed. A total of 19 chlorophenols from 16 types of marine organism were analyzed across nine survey sections in Hangzhou Bay. The chlorophenols were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a DB-5MS quartz capillary column. The concentrations of monochlorophenol, dichlorophenol, trichlorophenol, tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol ranged from below the detection limit(ND) to 132 μg/kg, ND–51.0 μg/kg, ND–42.5 μg/kg, ND–69.0 μg/kg, and ND–9.06 μg/kg, respectively. Additionally, concentration differences between each type of chlorophenol were not significant( P >0.05). However, significant differences were found between monochlorophenol( F =8.13, P <0.01) and total chlorophenol(F =5.19, P <0.01) concentrations. As the noncarcinogenic risk indices were <0.1(10-5 –10-2) for all of the organisms, no high risk was posed by 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol to humans consuming marine organisms from the study area. Furthermore, the carcinogenic risks posed by 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were lower than limits set by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the US Environmental Protection Agency. However, the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks posed by chlorophenols in marine organisms from four of the survey sections(Sizaopu, Niluoshan, Longshan Town and Xinhong zha) were higher than the other survey sections.

Research progress on cyclodextrins and their derivatives in the synthesis of conducting polymers

Cyclodextrins have gained wide attentions for their unique physicochemicai properties. In recent years, conducting polymers with special micro-structure and properties are synthesized in the presence of cyclodextrins. In this article, the application of cyclodextrins in the synthesis process of conducting polymer metarials is discussed. And authors＇ study results are summarized.

Review of Metal AM Simulation Validation Techniques

Due to the complexity of metal AM （additive manufacturing）, it can require many trial runs to obtain processing parameters which produce a quality build. Because of this trial and error process, the drive for simulations of AM has grown significantly. A simulation only becomes useful to researchers if it can be shown that it is a true representation of the physical process being simulated. Each process being simulated has a different method of validation to show it is an accurate representation of the process. This paper explores the various methodologies for validation of laser-based metal AM simulations, focusing mainly on the modeling of the thermal processes and other characteristics derived from the thermal history. It will identify and explain the various validation techniques used, specifically looking at the frequency of reported use of each technique.

An Investigation of Samoan Student Experiences in Two Homework Study Groups in Melbourne

This research examines Samoan student experiences in two Homework Study Groups （HSGs） in Melbourne using a researcher-practitioner approach. It highlights that school teachers need to acknowledge students＇ preferred learning methods, especially those of minority backgrounds like the Samoan participants in this investigation. A detailed exploration of the experiences of students in two HSGs finds that while students and their families place a high priority on learning, their cultural practices are not compatible with standard Western learning approaches. The HSGs provided a social space in which students could ask the teacher questions without fear of appearing foolish, in which they could apply themselves to study. It provided a physical study space away from the demands some Samoan families place on their young people, and it provided a cultural space in which the students could learn according to fa＇aSamoa （traditional values and beliefs）. This research makes a contribution to an understanding of the motivations of Melbourne-based Samoan students to learn, of what concerns them, and of impediments to their educational success. It also offers insight into the benefits that set up a specific space for students offers, when its specific intent is influencing the merging of Samoan and Western ideas to further learning.

物理工作者与产业

文章从产业发展的角度阐述了物理学与技术的源与流的关系 ,指出经典物理和理论物理仍然是几乎所有技术和产业的基础 .在许多工程领域中 ,物理工作者都有机会成为优秀的企业家或销售经理 ,但他们通常不能如愿以偿 ,一个简单的原因在于他们缺乏与人交往的技巧 .一个人要想在产业界有所建树 ,必须具备四个要素 ,即能力 (competence) ,交流 (communication) ,合作 (cooperation)和责任心 (commitment) ,也就是 4C .文章描述了作者本人从一名物理系的研究生成长为美国非常有名的红外仪器公司的CEO(首席执行官 )的经历 .作为物理工作者出身的企业家 ,作者最深的感受在于 ,知识是重要的 ,但并不充分 .必须牢记产业的最终目的是盈利 .在产业界 ,利润和竞争是每天都存在的严酷的事实 ,上述的四个要素 (4C)

COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY OF TWO GEOGRAPHICAL POPULATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN COWPEA WEEVIL, CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS (L.) (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) IN SOUTHWEST CHINA

The differences of bionomics and ecologics of the two populations of Callosobruchus chinensis on mung bean (Vigna radiatus) at six constant temperatures ( 20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35℃) and 75% r. h. were researched. ANOVA showed that temperature affected the developmental period and fertility significantly (P<0.05). T-test indicated there was significant difference of the combined immature stages between the two geographical populations at 25 and 32℃ (P<0.05). The average oviposition between the two geographical populations differed significantly at the same temperature (P<0.05). At 30℃ and 75% r. h., effects of 5 commercially grown legume seeds on development and reproduction of the two geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were researched. The results showed that broad bean and soybean were more suitable for increase for Xichang population in terms of r m values. The adult weight and diameter of emergency hole of the two populations were also compared. According to the differences in the characteristics of development, reproduction, and damage to host seeds between the two geographical populations, conclusion can be drawn that both are different geographical populations.

Profile of Xiyun Yan

Dr.Xiyun Yan obtained her B.S.degree in 1983,from the Henan Medical College,and then studied cell biology in Professor Shizhang Bei’s lab in the Institute of Biophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS）until leaving for Germany in 1989.After receiving her medical doctor＇s degree from Heidelberg University in Germany,she joined the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Institute in New York as a postdoctoral research fellow.In 1997,