透析患者自体动静脉内瘘物理评估与实施建议

物理检查是日常医护人员最常用的动静脉内瘘评估方法,简便易行。AVF的物理评估经济、简便、无创、有效,在判断内瘘成熟和并发症监测方面意义重大。由于每种血管通路优缺点共存,理想的监测方案应该将日常常规物理评估与其他监测技术相结合。本文对动静脉内瘘物理评估的主要方法、应用价值、实施情况以及存在的问题和争议进行总结分析。

爆炸作用下浅埋直墙拱结构的毁伤评估方法与毁伤判据选择

为提出1种针对爆炸作用下浅埋拱结构毁伤的可靠评估方法,对结构毁伤评估的方法和毁伤判据的选择展开了讨论。通过分析钢筋混凝土直墙拱的土中浅埋爆炸试验以及有限元计算结果,将直墙拱结构爆炸作用下的破坏模式总结为弯曲破坏、弯曲-剪切破坏、局部震塌破坏、局部冲切破坏四种破坏模式。总结了结构目标物理毁伤评估的一般思路,讨论了不同破坏模式下毁伤判据的选择,为结构的毁伤等级评估工作的开展奠定了基础。归纳了毁伤判据与毁伤形态、毁伤等级的映射关系,结合毁伤形态对数值模拟结果划分毁伤等级,并比较了不同毁伤判据对等级评估结果准确性的影响,可为毁伤评估判据的选取提供了参考。

基于相关度的大学物理实验数据评估方法

提出一种基于相关度的大学物理实验数据评估方法,该方法通过大学生所测物理量的测量值范围与该物理量的参考值范围进行相关比较,采用相关度来评估大学生的物理实验数据测量情况。根据不同测量情况下,测量值范围与参考值范围之间的关系,推导出了相应的相关度公式,给出了一个由相关度和评分制所构成的测量成绩评分公式。理论分析和实验结果说明了该方法的合理性。

相控阵天线物理和功能毁伤评估方法研究

针对相控阵天线毁伤评估中物理毁伤情报提取难、功能毁伤程度判断难的问题,运用计算机视觉和相控阵天线仿真技术,探索智能化毁伤评估方法。在航侦图像基础上,通过计算机视觉技术提取遭毁伤阵元位置信息,得到物理毁伤结果,根据阵元位置信息在Matlab环境中构建天线模型,仿真对比打击前后探测距离和抗干扰性变化,得到功能毁伤情况。仿真结果表明,该方法可以较好地提取物理毁伤信息,通过软件仿真构建物理毁伤与功能毁伤间映射关系,相关研究结果为智能化快速开展相控阵天线毁伤评估提供了新的方法和思路。

河流健康评估的原则和方法

河流健康评估应包括物理—化学评估、生物栖息地质量评估、水文评估和生物群落的评估等内容。评估需要建立生境因子与生物因子的相关关系,需要建立基准点即参照系统,需要明确水文条件、水质条件和栖息地质量三个要素,需要因地制宜地为每一条河流建立健康评估体系及建立生物监测系统和网络。

苏州古典园林中的视觉质量评价分析

应用视觉质量分析法研究了苏州古典园林中的景象画面特征、空间分布规律和路径分布规律。研究指出,园林主景区造景总体上具有和自然景观一致的趋势,分景区则和自然景致有一定区分。按照空间开阔度和植被情况,其视觉质量呈现有规律的圈层结构,而路径恰好出现在圈层结构交界或中心位置,使得沿路径的景象围绕主景区有序变化。最后通过比较各类评价方法指出,除了视觉质量评价着重的开阔度、轮廓线形态、植被覆盖外,景观多样性、细节等也应作为一种重要的参考要素。上述结论对于古典园林遗产保护的认知和操作都具有借鉴意义。

GRAPES单柱模式的试验研究

根据GCSS WG4(Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study Working Group 4)第3次个例模拟的观测数据,为GRAPES(Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System)设计了一个可用于检验其整套物理参数化过程对夏季中纬度陆地天气过程模拟的单柱模式试验,并利用该试验考察了不同复杂度的两种陆面过程(CoLM和SLAB)对温、湿度和降水模拟的影响。整个观测时段的模拟表明,模拟的降水与观测的量级一致,位温和水汽混合比没有明显偏离观测,这说明本试验的构造是合理的。考虑到模式系统误差对长期积分结果的影响,随后选取了4个降水子时段分别进行积分。结果表明,使用CoLM方案模拟得到的累积降水量均大于使用SLAB方案的,但使用CoLM方案时出现虚假降水的概率较大。由于区域平均的初始热动力廓线比实际降水发生地区偏干,使用两个方案的模拟均对子时段3的第1个降水事件延迟24h左右,这对其在子时段3的相关系数都很小有贡献。时间平均的位温和水汽混合比误差分析表明,使用CoLM模拟的子时段1和2的对流层低层偏冷、偏湿,而其他情况下为偏暖、偏干。对流层低层位温的误差与地表气温的误差一致。此外,还发现使用CoLM模拟得到的感热通量偏小,潜热通量偏大,而使用SLAB模拟得到感热通量偏大,潜热通量偏小。对流层中高层,子时段1和4为偏冷、偏湿,对应降水偏少(使用CoLM的模拟在子时段1的降水偏多归因于虚假降水);子时段2,使用CoLM的模拟为偏暖、偏干,对应降水偏多,使用SLAB的模拟为偏冷、偏干,对应降水偏少;子时段3,使用两个陆面方案的模拟均为偏冷、偏干,对应降水偏多。

ICU获得性衰弱发病影响因素及相关诊断方法应用研究进展

重症监护病房获得性衰弱(ICU-AW)是ICU危重患者常见的继发性神经肌肉功能障碍,主要表现为全身、对称性的肌无力,外周肌群及膈肌最常受累,其发病率高,恶化患者临床结局及预后,降低患者生活质量。目前ICU-AW发病机制尚不明确,无有效的治疗措施,因而早期识别与诊断至关重要。ICU-AW发病与机械通气、深度镇静、长期制动等因素密切相关,疾病的严重程度、药物的使用、高乳酸水平、肌肉质量下降等亦会增加发病风险。ICU-AW诊断方法各异,各具优势及局限性。主观的肌力评定是常用的简便诊断方法;切尔西物理功能量表在可诊断ICU-AW的同时,亦能动态评估、监测ICU-AW患者的身体功能状态,并指导医护人员及康复治疗师提供有效的干预措施。客观的电生理检查弥补了主观诊断方法,需要患者保持清醒且合作的局限性;超声影像学检查可早期发现肌肉改变,利于早期ICU-AW的诊断,从而降低ICU患者的死亡风险。

Stochastic Dynamic Modeling of Rain Attenuation: A Survey

Satellite communication systems(SCS) operating on frequency bands above 10 GHz are sensitive to atmosphere physical phenomena, especially rain attenuation. To evaluate impairments in satellite performance, stochastic dynamic modeling(SDM) is considered as an effective way to predict real-time satellite channel fading caused by rain. This article carries out a survey of SDM using stochastic differential equations(SDEs) currently in the literature. Special attention is given to the different input characteristics of each model to satisfy specific local conditions. Future research directions in SDM are also suggested in this paper.

Effect of Physical Environment on the Behaviors of Residents with Dementia： A Comparison between a Small-Group Unit and a Traditional Care Unit

This is a comparative study examining the influence of a small-scale dementia unit and a traditional dementia unit on behaviors of the residents. The small-scale unit and the traditional unit were selected through two phases in Vancouver, Canada. Seven residents from each facility completed the study. Physical environmental assessments were performed using two tools： PEAP （professional environmental assessment protocol） and TESS-NH （therapeutic environment screening survey for nursing homes）. For the assessment of residents＇ behaviors, three assessment tools were used： MOSES （multidimensional observation scale for elderly subjects）, MDS （minimum data set） and DCM （dementia care mapping）. The study found that the residents living in a small-scale environment were more engaged in activities and more likely to respond in understanding their fellow residents. Residents living in a traditional long-term care exhibited fewer signs of social interaction. The findings suggest that a small-scale homelike environment could positively influence people with dementia to be more engaged in social exchanges and activities, and consequently help in reducing their withdrawn behavior.

Demand analysis of an intelligent medication administration system for older adults with chronic diseases based on the Kano model

Objectives Gerontechnology has great potential in promoting older adults’well-being.With the accelerated aging process,gerontechnology has a promising market prospect.However,most technological developers and healthcare professionals attached importance to products’effectiveness,and ignored older adults’demands and user experience,which reduced older adults'adoption intention of gerontechnology use.The inclusion of older adults in the design process of technologies is essential to maximize the effect.This study explored older adults’demands for a self-developed intelligent medication administration system and proposed optimization schemes,thus providing reference to developing geriatric-friendly technologies and products.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore older adults’technological demands for the self-developed intelligent medication administration system,and data were analyzed based on the Kano model.A self-made questionnaire was administered from July 2020 to October 2020 after participants used this system for two weeks.The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(ChiCTR2000040644).Results A total of 354 older adults participated in the survey.Four items,namely larger font size,simpler operation process,scheduled medication reminders and reliable hardware,were classified as must-be attributes;three items,namely searching drug instructions through WeChat,more sensitive system and longer battery life,as attractive attributes;one item,viewing disease-related information through WeChat,as the one-dimensional attribute;and the rest were indifferent attributes,including simple and beautiful displays,blocking advertisements automatically,providing user privacy protection protocol,viewing personal medical information only by logged-in users,recording all the medications,ordering medications through WeChat.The satisfaction values were between 0.24 and 0.69,and dissatisfaction values were between 0.06 and 0.94.Conclusion This study suggested that older adults had personalized technology demands.Including their technological demands and desire may assist in decreasing the digital divide and promoting the satisfaction of e-health and/or m-health.Based on older adults’demands,our study proposed optimization schemes of the intelligent medication administration system,which may help developers design geriatric-friendly intelligent products and nurses to perform older adults-centered and efficient medication management.

Wetland Economic Valuation Approaches and Prospects in China

Ecosystem services valuation seeks to increase the social relevance of ecosystem characteristics, the underlying biological mechanisms that support services, by making the contribution of ecosystems to human well-being explicit. Economic valuation can help management by clarifying the full range of benefits and costs of proposed management actions. In the past two decades, economic valuation of wetland ecosystem services has become one of the most significant scientific priorities for wetland protection. In this paper, we provide an overview of ecosystem services, and summarize the main interdisciplinary approaches to measure and value wetland ecosystem services. We identified four main methodological gaps preventing progress on wetland valuation of ecosystem services in China, which are: 1) confusion on terminology like intermediate and final ecosystem services, 2) lack of ecological production functions to link ecosystem characteristics to final ecosystem services, 3) static valuation making it difficult to evaluate the trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services, and 4) lack of clear guidance on relating ecological compensation programs to conservation targets. Overcoming these gaps is important to inform wetland compensation mechanisms and conservation policies. We propose future research on wetland ecosystem services in China should be focused on: 1) defining final ecosystem services based on beneficiary preferences and underlying biophysical mechanisms, 2) establishing wetland monitoring programs at specific sites to collect data on final ecosystem service indicators and ecosystem characteristic metrics to create ecological production functions for economic valuation and rescaling techniques, and 3) incorporating wetland ecosystem service values into decision-making processes to inform wetland management.

Effect of psychological stress on gastric motility assessed by electrical bio-impedance

AIM:To evaluate gastric motility using electrical bioimpedance(EBI) and gastric changes as a result of stress induced by psychological tests.METHODS:A group of 57 healthy women,aged 40-60 years,was recruited,and a clinical history and physical examination were performed.The women were free from severe anxiety,chronic or acute stress,severe depression,mental diseases and conditions that affect gastric activity.The women were evaluated under fasting conditions,and using a four-electrode configuration,the gastric signals were obtained through a BIOPAC MP-150 system.The volunteers were evaluated using the following paradigm:basal state,recording during the Stroop Test,intermediate resting period,recording during the Raven Test,and a final resting period.We analyzed the relative areas of the frequency spectrum:A1(1-2 cpm),A2(2-4 cpm),A3(4-8 cpm),and A4(8-12 cpm),as well as the median of area A2 + A3.The data were analyzed by an autoregressive method using a Butterworth filter with MatLab and Origin.Analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Friedman ANOVA(for nonparametric variables) were performed;in addition,pairs of groups were compared using the T dependent and Wilcoxon T tests.RESULTS:The results of the main values of area A2 were not significantly different comparing the five steps of the experimental paradigm.Nevertheless,there was a tendency of this A2 region to decrease during the stress tests,with recuperation at the final resting step.When an extended gastric region was considered(1-4 cpm),significant differences with the psychological stress tests were present(F = 3.85,P = 0.005).The A3 region also showed significant changes when the stress psychological tests were administered(F = 7.25,P < 0.001).These differences were influenced by the changes in the adjacent gastric region of A2.The parameter that we proposed in previous studies for the evaluation of gastric motility by electrical bio-impedance(EBI) was the median of the area under the region from 2 to 8 cpm(A2 + A3).The mean values of these frequencies(median of the A2 + A3 area) with the stress test showed significant changes(F = 5.5,P < 0.001).The results of the WilcoxonT test for the A4 area parameter,which is influenced by the breathing response,changed significantly during the Raven stress test(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:We confirm that the gastric response to acute psychological stress can be evaluated by short-term EBI.

Construction Waste Quantification and Benchmarking： A Study in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Construction industry is a major contributor of negative impact to the environment. Estimation of construction waste amount is crucial for implementing waste minimization program. Estimation of construction waste amount generated is a mean in assessing the potential for waste reduction. Decision-making should be based on quantified measurements expressed in numerical terms to effectively minimize waste produced. A better understanding of C＆D waste generation in terms of causes and sources can be achieved. Lack of benchmarking will hinder the implementation of more sustainable practices in the industry. The aim of this paper is to establish benchmarks on construction waste generation rate in Klang Valley （greater Kuala Lumpur）, Malaysia using appropriate waste quantification method. Nine projects in Klang Valley constructed between 2006-2010 have been selected for this study, which include residential and commercial building projects conducted by a wide range of contractors employing conventional and IBS systems. Wastage level and waste index approaches had been employed in this study as tools for quantifying waste and also for environmental assessment. Types of waste that generated at significant amount, such as concrete, timber, reinforcement bars, tiles, screeds, and plaster are considered. Other factors, such as waste management provision, Environmental Management System （EMS） employed, record-keeping, contractors＇ profile and other related policies are also assessed by conducting interviews with construction personnel. Based on the findings, overall site-management, size of project, and awareness of waste management among construction personnel are the most significant factors that contribute to construction waste generation. Currently, there is still relatively lack of waste minimization awareness among construction players in Malaysia as reflected by poor waste record-keeping, lack of waste sorting and recycling practice, low usage of IBS systems, and lack of supports from top management, clients, and authorities. The roles of construction authorities are essential in achieving the desired benchmark in waste generation rate for Malaysian context. Construction authorities as the policy maker and enforcer could develop and issue new regulations or incentives to stimulate and encourage waste management practices and the use of green building technology, establishing formally standardized systems in record-keeping of quantitative data, introduce useful guidelines and measures, conduct education and training to achieve sustainability and better environmental awareness among Malaysian construction players.

Hazard identification and control in the pre-blasting process

Major mineral hazard identifications should consider perilous types of fatal accidents in collieries from its definition, and then set existent hazardous objects and their relevant amount as referenced factors. Eliminating hazards in systems and decreasing risks are their essential purposes with help of hazard identification, risk evaluation and management. By pre-control on major hazards, fatal accidents are avoided, stuffs＇ safety and healthy are protected, levels of safe management are enhanced, and perpetual systems are built up finally. However, choosing the proper identification and evaluation is a problem all along. Based on specific condition in Jiangou Coal Mine, method of LEC was applied for hazard identification and evaluation in the pre-blasting process within horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams. And control measures to of each hazard were put forward. The identification method combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. So, it is practical and operable for the method to develop the given scientific research and has a distinctive impact on high efficiency and safety products for pre-blasting in horizontal section top-coal mechanized caving of steep seams.

Requirements for Evaluation on Drug-medical Device

The administration of combination products in U.S.Food and Drug Administration(FDA)are analyzed and summarized in this paper.Furthermore,the technical evaluation on drug-medical device in the State Food and Drug Administration of China(SFDA)is also illustrated.Meanwhile,this paper discusses how to promote the development of drug-medical device in the administration and technical evaluation.

A thermodynamic Approach to Rate Equations in Continuum Physics

The paper addresses the formulation of rate equations, via objective time derivatives, within continuum physics. The concept of objectivity is reviewed and distinction is made with material frame-indifference whose meaning is restricted to the invariance of the balance equations relative to Galilean frames. Objective time derivatives are defined to leave the tensor character of the appropriate field invariant within the set of Euclidean frames. Rate equations are required to involve objective time derivatives and to be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. Here the general structure of objective time derivatives is established and the known derivatives of the physical literature are shown to be particular cases. Next, to fix ideas, a rate equation is considered for the model of heat conduction via a generalization of the Maxwell-Cattaneo equation with higher-order gradients as in the Guyer-Krumhansl equation. The thermodynamic restrictions are investigated and the expected effects, of the selected derivative of the heat flux, on the stress tensor are derived.

Diagnosis of Hypophosphatasia

Objective： HPP （Hypophosphatasia） is a congenital disease characterized by a deficiency of tissue-specific ALP （alkaline phosphatase）, which causes the generation of abnormal bone and tooth tissue. The clinical manifestations are variable, from neonatal forms with high mortality to milder adult forms with fractures and osteomalacia. The present study reports a clinical case of HPP, with emphasis on the physical characteristics and laboratory tests. The patient was attended at the medical genetics outpatient clinic of the Association of Parents and Friends of the Exceptional of Manaus （Associa？？o de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais-APAE/Manaus）. Methodology： For the case report, anamnesis, peripheral blood G-band karyotyping, Vitamin and ALP dosage and resonance examination were performed. Results： A.M.M.S, 9 years, non-consanguineous parents, no bone disease in the family, with one sister from the mother. Birth weight AGA without intercurrence. The patient presented a slight delay in psycho-motor development and was diagnosed with craniostenosis through CNS imaging examination. The physical examination, in addition to a short stature, showed dolichocephaly, frontal bossing, curved tibias and great dental compromise with many early cavities and loss of teeth. Laboratory evaluation： ALP dosage： 63/L （N = 69-325）; Vitamin B6 dosage： 27.4 （5.2-34.1）. The mother and the younger sister also had an ALP result below that expected for the age. Conclusions： The clinical phenotype and laboratory diagnosis of the patient were compatible with ICD Q78 HPP.

Cost Evaluation of Compact Dairy Wastewater Treatment System in Kuwait

In Kuwait, wastewater management has gained extra attention in recent years and becomes crucial for sustainable industrial development sector. Among the food industry sector, dairy processing plants generate huge amount of wastewater, which is heavily loaded with organic and other toxic compounds. Disposal of dairy wastewater effluent without sufficient treatment can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. Cost efficient treatment processes that are effective in removing organic load and other contaminants are essential to meet stringent environmental regulations applied in Kuwait. A research study was carried out at the KISR （Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research） to assess the technical viability and economic feasibility of combined microfiltration and biological treatment system. This work presents the economic evaluation of the adopted treatment system. The results show that the cost of the integrated system for large scale is estimated to be US$ 1.575/m3, which is 25% less than the cost of wastewater transportation and treatment in conventional sewage plants.

Research Progress of Migration and Transformation of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Underground Environment

With the increasing use of PPCPs （pharmaceuticals and personal care products）, the impact caused by the accumulation of PPCPs on the environment has become increasingly serious and has attracted considerable attention. In the last 10 years, major studies on PPCPs have focused on the sources and analytical testing of concentrations in the environment. Afterward, studies have shifted to the transfer and transformation of PCPPs in the environment and to the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs. Studies on PPCPs in the underground environment have mainly focused on their adsorption, desorption, transfer, and transformation in the aeration and saturation zones. The main methods applied in these studies include indoor simulation experiments and outdoor sampling and testing. These studies have mainly considered one dimension, and most of them have concentrated only on the aeration or saturation zone. Therefore, the main developing directions of studies on PPCPs are the comprehensive study of the transfer and transform process from source to sink in the underground environment and the establishment of an effective and efficient PPCP detection system,