论添附制度下添附物的归属——以“充分发挥物的效用”为核心

“充分发挥物的效用”应当作为添附物归属的核心原则,但其含义存在一定的模糊性。“充分发挥物的效用”应当按照单独所有优先于共同所有的原则进行认定,并区分物的客观价值与主观价值,以物的客观价值作为优先顺位。对于当事人约定与“充分发挥物的效用”原则存在的冲突,《民法典》第322条规定的“约定优先条款”在性质上应当理解为非规范性条款,只有在当事人没有约定时才进入到添附制度。“充分发挥物的效用”与“保护无过错当事人”在法律适用中可能存在冲突的情形,此时应当认为前者优先于后者,而后者作为前者的补充与例外。在添附物归属后,《民法典》第322条规定的赔偿、补偿的性质仍并不明确,受损方可以视对方主观心理状态而主张侵权损害赔偿或者参照不当得利主张补偿。

物权法共有人先买权制度之检讨——共有人先买权发生模式的比较研究

共有人先买权发生的制度模式有法定制和约定制,物权法就按份共有人先买权采纳了法定制。但从比较法角度和制度功能看,按份共有人先买权均宜采约定制。共同共有人先买权在《物权法》射程之外,但当共同共有关系消灭,原共有人转让其分割所得的不动产或者动产份额时,考虑到原共同共有的特性,赋予其他原共有人法定先买权,似乎更为妥当。

经济效用与物权归属——论物权法中的从附原则

在不同的物合成一物时,只要不悖于交易观念,与其余部分紧密而持续结合的部分为合成物的成分,为了维持物的整体效用最大化,合成物所有权被重新界定,要么是主物所有权扩及物的整体,要么由原所有人共有。这一在物的效用经济功能引导下确定权属的强制性规范,将合成物塑造为整体特定的客体,配合了特定原则和公示原则,在物权法中具有普适性,被称为从附原则。如果成分与主物或其他成分在合成前归不同人所有,从附原则将对成分原所有人不利,为达致利益平衡,法律效果受限的不当得利就成为关联规范。在成分因正当事由从物的整体中分离,从附原则即被突破,成分独立负载所有权,但会受制于主物与从物的一体处分规范。

Attractive Model and Marketing Implications of Theme Shopping Tourism Destination

This paper discusses the definition and connotation of Theme Shopping Tourism(TST) destination,and reveals the attractive distance of TST destination based on the utility function derived from the supposed demand function.An attractive model is deduced.According to this attractive model,it is can be known that the attractive distance is related to the price difference of the theme commodities between TST destination and tourist origin place,the average expenditure of transport,the demand elasticity of price,the actual price of sightseeing spot,the critical price that a tourist will afford,the number of nights that a tourist stays on the TST destination and the price level of accommodation in the TST destination.The change mechanism of attractive distance of TST destinations is revealed in this paper,and implications on TST marketing are put forward.First,theme commodities should be luxuries.Second,lower price is the primary pulling factor of theme shopping tourism.Third,the route combining with sightseeing spots is beneficial to shopping tourism.At last,TST development is one way of rejuvenating the falling destinations.

Advances in polymer-stabilized Au nano-cluster catalysis : Interplay of theoretical calculations and experiments

Polymer‐stabilized Au nano clusters （NCs） with mean diameters of 2–10 nm exhibit unique catalytic properties. Several studies have shown that the key factors affecting the catalytic activity of poly‐mer‐stabilized Au NCs are control of the Au NC size, appropriate selection of polymers and optimi‐zation of the reaction conditions. This is because polymer‐stabilized Au NCs exhibit a clear size effect in several catalytic reactions, and the catalytic activity differs with the type of polymer used and the reaction conditions. In order to elucidate the reason underlying the catalytic activity of the polymer‐stabilized Au NCs, much attention is being devoted to the interplay of theoretical calcula‐tions and experiments in catalysis by polymer stabilized Au NCs. The present article mainly summa‐rizes our progress in understanding this interplay in polymer‐stabilized Au NC catalysis.

公司法改革的文化拘束

《中国法学》二〇二一年二期,二三〇〇〇字改造公司的信用基础:从“物”到“契约”再到“人”(一)“物的信用”时期长期以来,我们认为公司的信用基础在于物的效用,无论是重视“资本信用”,还是“资产信用”,都是一种物的信用范畴。因此,公司法致力于规定股东出资财产的类别,致力于股东出资的评估、验资、实际缴纳到位,致力于关于公司资本变动的各种严格规范。