阳图PS版用重氮萘醌系感光组成物研究进展

目前PS版在印刷领域仍占有较重要地位,重氮萘醌系感光组成物自20世纪应用以来,经久不衰。文章主要介绍了PS版用重氮萘醌系感光组成物的研究进展情况,包括重氮类感光化合物,与之配合使用的版基、成膜树脂、酯化体。同时产酸剂、背景染料、溶剂及其它添加剂简单进行了归纳,并研究了重氮萘醌系阳图PS版的配方化学及发展趋势。

氯化聚氯乙烯系树脂组成物

提供了末端处理时无裂纹、成型良好、表面优良的CPVC成型物，和适合物用作塞缝条的CPVC组成物，其配方为：氯质量分数平均为58％－70％的CPVC或其与PVC的混合物100份、碳酸钙3－20份、甲基丙烯酸甲酯－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚树脂（称MBS）3－20份。

苯—二氯乙烷物系对全回流填料柱理论塔板数的测定

苯、二氯乙烷价格便宜 ,易于购买与分离。本文对苯—二氯乙烷为新物系测定填料柱理论塔板数的实验条件进行了摸索。通过对比实验表明新旧两种物系对理论塔板数的测定结果是一致的。用苯—二氯乙烷来测定填料柱理论塔板数 ,经试验证明是可行的。

Mangrove Flora of the World

The species composition and characteristics of mangrove flora in the world were reviewed and discussed. The results suggested that the world's mangrove plants have 84 species (including 12 varieties) in 24 genera and 16 families. Of which, true mangrove plants have 70 species (including 12 varieties) in 16 genera and 11 families, and semi-mangrove plants 14 species in eight genera and five families. The Eastern Group has 74 species (including 12 varieties) in 18 genera and 14 families, characterized by the genera Aegiceras, Osbornia, Aegialitis, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Kandelia, Scyphiphora and Nypa etc. The Western Group has only 10 species in six genera and five families, characterized by the endemic one-species family, Pelliceraceae, and the genus Laguncularia. The mangrove flora of China is composed of 26 species (including one variety) in 15 genera and 12 families, four of which are endemic. Hainan is most rich in mangrove species, making up about 96.2% of the Chinese total; Guangdong ranks second, making up about 42.3%. It has been demonstrated that Rhizophora stylosa was mistaken for R. mucronata in Taiwan by previous authors.

The Effect of Utilisation on the Floristic Composition of Meadow Communities

This study presents research results which comprise the following selected communities： Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Alopecuretum pratensis, community with Deschampsia caespitosa, Holcetum lanati, Lolio-Cynosuretum, community Poa pratensis-Festuca rubra. The investigated phytocenoses developed in conditions of lack of utilisation, occasional cutting, occasional alternating meadow-pasture utilisation, pastures with uncut left-overs, 2 cuts and light grazing of the sward by cattle and 2-3 cuts. For the above-mentioned communities the following parameters were assessed： total species number and mean number of species in a phytosociological rel6ves besides Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇）, proportion of synanthropic species, natural valorisation number according to Ogwit and fodder value score （FVS）. Regular sward utilisation of plant communities exerts a positive impact not only on the natural values as evidenced by the total and mean number of species in a phytosociological survey and higher biodiversity index （H＇） but it also impacts the sward fodder value scores of meadows and pastures. The strongest negative influence on the floristic composition of meadow communities and their stability is exerted by sporadic, incorrect utilization as it favours taking over of green areas by grass expansive species and development of communities of low natural and use values （community with Deschampsia caespitosa, Ass. Holcetum lanati and community with Agropyron repens）. The strongest impact on the maintenance of meadow and pasture biological stability in the examined region is exerted by their regular, moderate cutting or grazing.

Diversity, composition and host-species relationships of epiphytic orchids and ferns in two forests in Nepal

Epiphytic plant species are an important part of biological diversity. It is therefore essential to understand the distribution pattern and the factors influencing such patterns. The present study is aimed at observing the patterns of species richness, abundances and species composition of epiphytic orchids and ferns in two subtropical forests in Nepal. We also studied the relationship of host plants(Schima wallichii and Quercus lanata) and epiphyte species. Data were collected in Naudhara community forest(CF) and the national forest(NF) in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park. The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate tests. In total, we recorded 41 species of epiphytes(33 orchid and 8 fern species). Orchid species abundance is significantlyhigher in CF compared to NF. Orchid species richness and abundance increased with increasing southern aspect whereas it decreased with increasing canopy cover, and fern species richness increased with host bark roughness. Orchid abundance was positively correlated with increasing bark p H, stem size, tree age and tree height and negatively correlated with increasing steepness of the area. Likewise, fern abundances were high in places with high canopy cover, trees that were tall and big, but decreased with increasing altitude and southern aspect. The composition of the orchid and fern species was affected by altitude, aspect, canopy cover, DBH, number of forks and forest management types. We showed that the diversity of orchid and fern epiphytes is influenced by host characteristics as well as host types. The most important pre-requisite for a high epiphyte biodiversity is the presence of oldrespectively tall trees, independent of the recent protection status. This means:(i) for protection, e.g.in the frame of the national park declaration, such areas should be used which host such old tall trees;and(ii) also in managed forests and even in intensively used landscapes epiphytes can be protected by letting a certain number of trees be and by giving them space to grow old and tall.

Site-Floristic Variability of Foxteil Meadows in Poland

On the basis of multifaceted investigations of approximately 600 phytosociological surveys of foxtail meadows taken in years 2002-2012 in river valleys with the assistance of the Braun-Blanquet method, the authors carried out evaluation of the floristic composition with respect to phytosociological structure, floristic variability, degree of synanthropisation and life form structures. In addition, they ascertained the dependence of floristic variability of Alopecuretum pratensis phytocenoses on site conditions determined using： the phytoindication method and the laboratory analyses assessed the soil content of available forms of P and K and of Mg. The greatest areas among the recognised syntaxons are taken up by patches of a typical sub-association developed in fresh sites on soils of lightly acid reaction and moderate nitrogen availability. Floristic variability of Alopecuretum pratensis is characterised by： presence in the phytosociological structure of species characteristic for other syntaxons, floristic abundance and botanical structure, domination of species of the 1 st and 2nd degree of stability, high proportion of synanthropic species, values of the floristic diversity index （H＇）, natural and fodder score values. Geobotanical variability of foxtail meadows confirms difficulties with unequivocal determination of the systematic position of the Alopecuretum pratensis association.

The Effect of Kaolinite Structure Changes on Its Transformation Temperature of Phases

The relationship between kaolinite structure and the temperature of thermal transformation of phase was discussed in this paper through grinding and heating treatment. The results show that the structure of kaolinite is destroyed rapidly with mechanical grinding time, and the kaolinite structure collapses completely after 1 h grinding. The temperature of thermal transformation of phase of decreases with the destruction of kaolinite structure. This result has a great significance for the utilization of kaolinitic rocks in China coal measures.

Data Regarding Qualitative and Quantitative Composition of Benthic Populations from Musura Bay-Danube Delta, Romania

The present paper refers to some data regarding zoobenthic communities from one of northern lagoon of the Danube delta, known as Musura bay （ROSCI0065, coded as coastal lagoon ＊ 1150）. Faunal composition is influenced by the mixture of waters from the Danube and the marine coastal zone. According to monitored areas, there are dominant freshwater or marine invertebrates forming populations that live in the sediments. The aim of this paper is to offer a view of the endopsammic and endopelitic benthic communities from Musura bay, during two years of observations （2013 and 2014） and analyze the seasonal dynamics of invertebrates＇ populations. Based on quantitative samples collected from infralittoral zone, the paper presents the qualitative structure and a quantitative analyze （abundance, constancy--F%, dominance--D% and Wo%） of invertebrate populations from all taxa （belonging to Foraminifera, Nematoda, Gasteropoda, Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Ostracoda, Copepoda, Cumacea, Amphipoda and Chironomidae etc.） found in the researched zones, in connection with variation of local ecological conditions. Some considerations regarding the role of invertebrates＇ populations as food resources for lagoon fishes are done,

Synthesis of Nanostructured Erbium Oxides and Investigation of Influence Oxides on the Immune System and of Some Animal Tissues

Nanostructured erbium oxides （Er2O3） with coherent scattering length 26, 31, 62 and 65 nm were obtained using as a precursor of erbium chloride and erbium oleate. The influences of Er203 on the immune system and some animal tissues were carried out. The experiments have been made on white mouse＇s and outbred rats. Complex pharmaco-toxicological research presented erbium oxide nanostructure size of coherent scattering regions 26, 31, 56 and 65 nm showed that when administered orally no acute toxicity, no effect on the immune system of the body, has no effect on blood cells. But, long-term （30 day） intragastric administration shows toxicities on the internal organs of experimental animals, which lead to structural changes and functional impairment due to tissue accumulation of nanoparticles.

Functional Role of Neuropeptide Leucokininll in Growth Inhibition of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus

Peptides are known to on act to discourage the growth of insects. In this perspective, authors studied the biological and physiological effects of LeucokininlI on the growth of Red Palm Weevil through adult insect feeding of the sugar cane treated with different concentrations （0.05%, 0. I%, 0.25%, 0.4%） and biological effects on the number of eggs, the percentage of hatching, the length of the generation and the proportion of deformation, Results showed that there is a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by the insects as the average number of eggs/female 75.7, 63.5, 59.4, 55.1 egg for each of the concentrations, respectively, compared with the average 140.2 egg in the control group, and reduction of percentages of hatching in all treatment as 71.4%, 64.6%, 70% and 71.5% respectively, compared with 79.3% of the control group. The percentage of deformations in egg densities included 44.4%, 15.4%, 22.6%, 27.8% compared to the control group. The results showed that there are a number of large deformations in the resulting larvae for different treatments. The conclusion is drawn that this study using LeucokininlI confirmed inhibition growth and caused an imbalance in the development stages of different insects due to its effect on the hormones that control molting of insects. This conclusion is furthermore apparent in the larval stage, as it appeared that Leucokininll prevents the insect from completing its life cycle. Test results using LeucokininlI are encouraging, and its future potential use in reducing Red Palm Weevil deserves broader studies. If the spread of currently known that this LeucokininlI is without prejudice to the work of the hormonal system.

Intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease:Friend of foe?

Inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） arises from disruption of immune tolerance to the gut commensal microbiota, leading to chronic intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage in genetically predisposed hosts. In healthy individuals the intestinal microbiota have a symbiotic relationship with the host organism and possess important and unique functions, including a metabolic function （i.e. digestion of dietary compounds and xenobiotics, fermentation of undigestible carbohydrates with production of short chain fatty acids）, a mucosal barrier function （i.e. by inhibiting pathogen invasion and strengthening epithelial barrier integrity）, and an immune modula- tory function （i.e. mucosal immune system priming and maintenance of intestinal epithelium homeostasis）. A fine balance regulates the mechanism that allows co- existence of mammals with their commensal bacteria. In IBD this mechanism of immune tolerance is impaired because of several potential causative factors. The gut microbiota composition and activity of IBD patients are abnormal, with a decreased prevalence of dominant members of the human commensal microbiota （i.e. Clostridium IXa and IV groups, Bacteroides, bifldobacteria） and a concomitant increase in detrimental bacteria （i.e. sulphate-reducing bacteria, Escherichia coll. The observed dysbiosis is concomitant with defectiveinnate immunity and bacterial killing （i.e. reduced mucosal defensins and IgA, malfunctioning phagocytosis） and overaggressive adaptive immune response （due to ineffective regulatory T cells and antigen presenting cells）, which are considered the basis of IBD pathogen- esis. However, we still do not know how the interplay between these parameters causes the disease. Studies looking at gut microbial composition, epithelial integrity and mucosal immune markers in genotyped IBD populations are therefore warranted to shed light on this obscure pathogenesis.

Adaptability of Permanent Grassland to Drought

Continuing climate changes are strongly associated with status of water, threatening the majority of ecosystems, including the grass ecosystem. The climate changes primarily affect the botanical composition of grassland that is subsequently determined by production of above-ground phytomass which is used like feed for the ruminants. In our field experiment we assessed the impact of climate changes on grass ecosystem during the long-term period （23 years）. We obtained a picture of the preceding development of botanical composition in this stand, due to the assumption that expected climate changes are going to disturb the botanical composition of grassland especially in the grass biome. From the obtained results follows the significant change in botanical composition in grass-herbaceous vegetation with the low share of legumes. It is not possible to confirm strict relation between precipitation during vegetation season and the share of individual botanical group. Analysis of long-term development of the botanical composition of monitored grassland influenced by different pratotechnical interventions demonstrated the significant flexibility this plant community in the times of changing climatic conditions.

A Comparison of Tree Species Diversity in Two Subtropical Forests, Guangxi, Southwest China

Natural karst forests can support very high level of biodiversity, but difference of species diversity between the natural karst forests and non-karst forests is still less concerned. To analyze the difference of species diversity of the natural karst forests and non-karst forests in subtropics, we made a census of all woody species with diameter at breast height （dbh） 〉 1 cm in a 1-ha plot in Mulun subtropical karst forests and a 1-ha plot in Maoershan subtropical non-karst forests, Guangxi of south-western China. Species richness in Mulun plot （120 species） was higher than that in Maoershan plot （116 species）. Mulun plot contained more families and genera, more stems and a larger proportion of rare species （species of individuals less than or equal to 1 ha^-1）. At smaller scale （〈4000 m^2）, species accumulation rate in Mulun plot was lower than that in Maoershan plot, and it was reversed at larger scale （〉5000 m^2）. Total basal area in Mulun plot （18.47 m2） was smaller than that in Maoershan plot （30.74 m^2）. Size structure distribution of all woody species in the two plots showed insignificant difference. The ten most dominant species, families and genera were quite different in the two plots. In Muiun plot, the most important species and family were Sinosideroxylon wightianum and Sapindaceae, while in Maoershan plot, Castanopsis carlesii and Fagaceae were the most important species and family. All these results suggest that middle subtropical natural karst forest in Mulun supports diverse species with high spatial variability, and their species composition are quite different with non-karst forests. This study implies that special attention is needed on selecting suitable species in karst forest restoration and vegetation management strategies.

New records of Jurassic petrified wood in Jianchang of western Liaoning,China and their palaeoclimate implications

Diverse and rich fossil wood records have been documented from the Mesozoic of Liaoning Province, NE China. The Tiaojishan Formation(mainly distributed in Beipiao, Chaoyang, Fuxin and Jianchang regions) is one of the most significant horizons for the Jurassic petrified wood in Liaoning Province. Previously, wood fossils of this formation were mainly reported in Beipiao and Chaoyang regions, whereas fossil wood record was merely known in Jianchang region. Here we describe new fossil wood specimens from the Tiaojishan Formation in Jianchang County, western Liaoning. Two fossil wood taxa, i.e., Protaxodioxylon jianchangense Tian et Wang sp. nov. and Xenoxylon peidense Zheng et Zhang were recognized on the basis of anatomical features. These fossil wood records add new data for understanding the fossil wood diversity, floral composition and palaeoclimate of the Tiaojishan Formation. The occurrence of Xenoxylon and Protaxodioxylon implies a cool temperate, wet and seasonal climate condition with interannual variations during the Middle to Late Jurassic transition in western Liaoning region.

The Distribution Patterns of Timberline and Its Response to Climate Change in the Himalayas

Himalayan region represents the highest and most diverse treeline over the world.As one of the most conspicuous boundaries between montane forests and alpine vegetation,the alpine timberline attracted the interest of researchers for many decades.However,timberline in the Himalayas is understudied compared with European counterparts due to remoteness.Here we review the distribution pattern of timberline and its climatic condition,the carbon and nutrient supply mechanism for treeline formation,and treeline shift and treeline tree recruitment under climate change scenarios.Growth limitation,rather than carbon source limitation is the physiological cause of timberline under the low temperature condition.Nutrient limitation and water stress are not the direct cause of timberline formation.However,more clear local limitation factors are need to integrate in order to enable us to predict the potential impacts and changes caused by human activity and related global change in this sensitive region.

Study on the Drug Selection Law for Treatment of Chronic Gastritis with Spleen Deficiency and Stomach Dryness by Complex System Entropy Cluster

Objective:To study on Prof. GAO Zhong-ying’s drug selection law for treatment of chronic gastritis with data mining technique. Methods: The 407 medical records of chronic gastritis treated by Prof. GAO Zhong-ying were collected and the study on these drugs in the recipes was carried out with data mining method. Among them, the recipe composed of one drug was studied with frequency statistical method, correlativity between drug pairs with improved mutual information, correlativity among multi-drugs with complex system entropy cluster technique. Results: In treatment of chronic gastritis by Prof. GAO Zhong-ying there were 30 drugs with a higher use frequency of over 38 times, 94 commonly-used drug pairs with correlation coefficient of over 0.05, 11 commonly-used drug core combinations. Conclusion: The results attained with data mining technique for studying experience of famous and old TCM physicians conform to the clinical practice and the method is of an important significance for summarization of famous and old TCM physicians’ experiences.

Integrability and Transition Coefficients Related to Jack Polynomials

Integrability plays a central role in solving many body problems in physics. The explicit construction of the Jack polynomials is an essential ingredient in solving the Calogero–Sutherland model, which is a one-dimensional integrable system. Starting from a special class of the Jack polynomials associated to the hook Young diagram, we find a systematic way in the explicit construction of the transition coefficients in the power-sum basis, which is closely related to a set of mutually commuting operators, i.e. the conserved charges.