矿山生态系统物能流核算

以社会-经济代谢为理论基础、MEFA模型为物能流核算框架、能值理论与方法为核算工具,以进入矿山生态-经济-社会复合系统的各子系统物能流历史数据为基础,研究矿山生态系统能学过程,考察矿山特定生命周期阶段主要年份的代谢机制。选择我国东部矿区中煤集团大屯公司姚桥煤矿和兖州煤业股份有限公司济宁三号煤矿开展矿山生态系统实证研究。通过区域和矿山生态系统的能值评估,从系统运行、污染物排放以及与土地利用之间的关系三个方面开展系统能值流分析。实现了以统一的标准分析社会-经济系统与生态系统之间的相互联系,解决了多学科综合评价的指标难以兼容的难题。以量化的数据说明了环境资源对经济发展的贡献以及采矿活动对环境和人类的影响,评价了经济社会与生态环境相互作用的可持续性。对矿山生态系统所在区域复合系统进行能值评估,以实例详细介绍能值理论和评估方法,通过分析能值指标的变化轨迹评价区域生态经济系统的发展状况,为矿山生态系统能值评估提供区域能值指标。其中全社会电力能值使用量比例、总电力能值使用量比例之间逐渐扩大的差距体现了徐州延长煤炭产业链开发电力能源的发展策略。依据能路语言符号,绘制矿山生态系统物能流概略图,极大地辅助了繁复的能值评估过程,建立了一套矿山生态系统能值评价指标体系。能值指标分析表明:2000年后的矿山生态系统物能流综合利用效率较2000年前大幅提高,近5 a姚桥煤矿对环境资源和经济反馈的综合利用效率优于济三煤矿,但济三煤矿对经济反馈资源的利用效率是姚桥煤矿的3倍,万吨产量姚桥煤矿生产活动的经济反馈成本高;环境资源投入在系统总能值投入中占95%左右,其中几乎全部由煤层能值贡献,人类只需要投入数量级为10-7 J能量就能获得1 sej(等于1 J太阳能)的原煤;矿山生态系统中经济社会的投资收益越来越好,且姚桥煤矿的投资效益增速大于济三煤矿;电力系统升级、提高原煤生产效率、以及采用多种运输方式等对提升企业竞争力的成效显著;与地方的其它行业相比,获取相同经济效益,煤炭开采业要以4倍多的资源能值为代价,且济三煤矿获取1美元需要比姚桥煤矿消耗更多的能值;矿山生态系统的能值利用强度平均比地方高出7.76倍,经济发展的消耗强度大;获得相同产量,采出率低和煤质高决定了济三煤矿比姚桥煤矿动用了更多的煤炭储量能值;两矿山相同产值消耗的水资源能值逐年减少,济三煤矿万元产值水资源能值损失平均比姚桥煤矿低33%。以能值为度量标准,量化矿山生态系统主要污染物排放对生态环境的影响程度,以及大气污染物对人类健康的潜在危害程度。通过追踪系统物能流,分析了矿山生态系统的代谢与土地利用/覆被变化之间的相互作用关系。建立了基于能值的生态足迹模型,以区域可更新自然资源和生物生产性土地的可更新部分为基础,计算能值-生态承载力;以系统物能流为基础,计算能值-生态足迹。

川北防护林区岩土系统的物能流复映射特征

通过对四川盆地北部防护林区岩土系统研究，从物质、能量、信息流角度论证了岩土演化对防护林植物群落的综合效应。结果表明：风化岩体是岩土系统物能流信源体，主要反映为物源始态差异；土壤容库系统起中转筛检作用，反映地下馈供信息流与植被需求信息流的匹配程度不同；防护林植物群落是岩土系统的信宿终端，岩土系统物能流复映射特征对植物群落优劣态势起重要影响作用。

Development status and prospect of cold chain logistics of fruits,vegetables,and agricultural products based on intelligent technology

The cold chain in the production area of fruits and vegetables is the primary link to reduce product loss and improve product quality,but it is also a weak link.With the application of big data technology in cold chain logistics,intelligent devices,and technologies have become important carriers for improving the efficiency of cold chain logistics in fruit and vegetable production areas,extending the shelf life of fruits and vegetables,and reducing fruit and vegetable losses.They have many advantages in fruit and vegetable pre-cooling,sorting and packaging,testing,warehousing,transportation,and other aspects.This article summarizes the rapidly developing and widely used intelligent technologies at home and abroad in recent years,including automated guided vehicle intelligent handling based on electromagnetic or optical technology,intelligent sorting based on sensors,electronic optics,and other technologies,intelligent detection based on computer vision technology,intelligent transportation based on perspective imaging technology,etc.It analyses and studies the innovative research and achievements of various scholars in applying intelligent technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain storage,sorting,detection,transportation,and other links,and improves the efficiency of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.However,applying intelligent technology in fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics also faces many problems.The challenges of high cost,difficulty in technological integration,and talent shortages have limited the development of intelligent technology in the field of fruit and vegetable cold chains.To solve the current problems,it is proposed that costs be controlled through independent research and development,technological innovation,and other means to lower the entry threshold for small enterprises.Strengthen integrating intelligent technology and cold chain logistics systems to improve data security and system compatibility.At the same time,the government should introduce relevant policies,provide necessary financial support,and establish talent training mechanisms.Accelerate the development and improvement of intelligent technology standards in the field of cold chain logistics.Through technological innovation,cost control,talent cultivation,and policy guidance,we aim to promote the upgrading of the agricultural industry and provide ideas for improving the quality and efficiency of fruit and vegetable cold chain logistics.

人类文明的生态、技术和文化前提

把人类社会作为一个物理系统,从其物质与能量转化的角度讨论,则系统的存在和延续,要受到生态、技术和文化的多重约束。一个文明社会的延续需要满足三个前提:足够的生态资源提供其生存所需(生态前提);足够的生产力水平使其能够获得所需(技术前提);还要有足够智慧的文化,使其能够与所处环境和谐相处,保障文明存在生态前提(文化前提)。在发展的社会系统模式中,社会规模、生产结构、生活方式,都在变化之中,需要输入更多的自然资源,从而输出更多的垃圾,最终导致生态前提遭到破坏。工业文明与文明持续的文化前提有着内在的冲突。

A Study on Alien Invasive Plants from the Interactive Mechanism between Species Niche and Material/Energy Flow

[Objective]This study was to reveal the essence of mechanism about how the alien invasive plants spread.[Method]Species niche and material/energy flow were used as basic research indicators to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of alien plants invasion.[Result]Most of the invasive plants have not been explicitly defined and their effective control methods not brought forward.[Conclusion]Overrun of alien invasive plants depends on whether the niche of a species could be continuously met at spatial level.Based on this we put forward corresponding control measures,proposed an assumption to establish a cylinder-network model and discussed the definition of alien invasive plants.

Impact of material and energy flow variation-based iron /steel ratio on production cost

This paper establishes a model for the production cost of iron and steel enterprise.The variation rule of the production cost versus the iron/steel ratio for two cases, namely,fixed steel production and a fixed amount of molten iron,is analyzed,and the concept of a steel scrap threshold price is proposed.According to the analysis results,when the steel scrap unit price exceeds the steel scrap threshold price, an increase in the iron/steel ratio can reduce the production cost,and vice versa.When the gap between the steel scrap unit price and the steel scrap threshold price is relatively large, the impact of the iron/steel ratio on the production cost is more prominent.According to the calculation example,when steel production is fixed （284 358 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 263.2 yuan/t more than the steel scrap threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 750 000 yuan （2.63 yuan/t）.When the amount of molten iron is fixed （270 425 t/month）and the steel scrap unit price is 140.7 yuan/t more than the threshold price,an increase of 0.01 in the iron/steel ratio causes a monthly production cost reduction of approximately 430 000 yuan （1.5 yuan/t）.The results indicate that iron and steel enterprise should adjust the production strategy in time when the scrap price fluctuates, and then the production cost will be reduced.

川中丘陵区果树的地下背景效应

通过对川中丘陵区果树立体剖面分析研究，从物、能流角度揭示了果树地下背景特征对果树的非均衡全息作用。研究表明，在一定气候区域内果树态势是土壤以多种性质集合方式表现的反馈信息流与果树需求信息流对应匹配的结果；岩土系统以物、能流表征的全息作用效应显著，其中个别元素的物、能流始态，特别是果树所必需的营养元素常影响果树果实品质。果树立体全息分析显示，川中丘陵区果园一般以侏罗系沙溪庙组紫色土区为佳，侏罗系遂宁组和白垩系紫色土区的果园次之。

PROPERTIES OF BIODEGRADABLE THERMOPLASTIC STARCH

Thermoplastic starch is a kind of modified starch produced by mixing starch with additives and processing the mixture in an extruder. The mechanical properties, including tensile strength and elongation at break, biodegradability and rheological properties were studied. Glycerol and urea, to some extent, can both decrease the tensile strength and increase percentage elongation at break, because the former acts as a plasticizer and the latter can break down interactions among starch macromolecules. Thermoplastic starch shows thermoplasticity and its melt behaves as a pseudoplastic liquid at a low shear rate. Its biodegrading extent is slightly higher than that of native starch. The molecular weight of starch displays a decreasing tendency after thermoplastic modification.

知识并非就是力量

知识并非就是力量陶同１７世纪培根提出的“知识就是力量”，长期以来，一直被人们视为无庸置疑的信条。然而今天，时代已经作出了新的论断：创造才是力量培根的时代，是人类第一次飞跃体力解放新高潮的前夕，大众传播和教育都不发达，掌握知识是一件颇不容易的事，学四则...

Energy Flow of Macrozoobenthos Community in an Algal Lake,Houhu Lake(Wuhan,China)

Energy flow of the macrozoobenthic community in an algal lake, Houhu Lake (Wuhan, China) was investigated from April, 1996 to March, 1997. The estimated consumption of the community was 2522.7 kJ/(m 2·a); defecation was 2049.1 kJ/(m 2·a); metabolism 371.2 kJ/(m 2·a); excretion 34.7 kJ/(m 2·a) and production 67.7 kJ/(m 2·a). The assimilation rate of the community was 19%; and 81% of its ingestion was defecated. The computed net growth efficiency was 14%, much lower than most reported values, which meant that the macrozoobenthic community in Houhu Lake utilized food less effectively.

Design and Implementation of Cloud Platform for Intelligent Logistics in the Trend of Intellectualization

Intellectualization has become a new trend for telecom industry, driven by intelligent technology including cloud computing, big data, and Internet of things. In order to satisfy the service demand of intelligent logistics, this paper designed an intelligent logistics platform containing the main applications such as e-commerce, self-service transceiver, big data analysis, path location and distribution optimization. The intelligent logistics service platform has been built based on cloud computing to collect, store and handling multi-source heterogeneous mass data from sensors, RFID electronic tag, vehicle terminals and APP, so that the open-access cloud services including distribution, positioning, navigation, scheduling and other data services can be provided for the logistics distribution applications. And then the architecture of intelligent logistics cloud platform containing software layer(SaaS), platform layer(PaaS) and infrastructure(IaaS) has been constructed accordance with the core technology relative high concurrent processing technique, heterogeneous terminal data access, encapsulation and data mining. Therefore, intelligent logistics cloud platform can be carried out by the service mode for implementation to accelerate the construction of the symbiotic win-winlogistics ecological system and the benign development of the ICT industry in the trend of intellectualization in China.

The effects of fluid loss on physical performance： A critical review

Purpose： The purpose of this review was to critically analyse the cun;ent evidence investigating the effect of an athlete＇s hydration status on physical performance. Methods： A literature search of multiple databases was used to identify studies that met the inclusion criteria for this review. The included studies were then critically appraised using the Downs and Black protocol. Results： Nine articles were found to meet the inclusion criteria, with an average score of 79% for methodological quality representative of a ＂high＂ standard of research. Conclusion： The evidence suggests that dehydration has a negative impact on physical performance for activities lasting more than 30 s in duration. However dehydration was found to have no significant impact on physical performance for activities lasting less than 15 s in duration.

The Electro-Physical Properties of Rhenium Chalcogenides＇ Thin Films

The electro-physical properties of thin layers of rhenium chalcogenides＇ alloys, their dynamical and static ampere-voltaic characteristics were investigated. During the investigation of static and dynamical ampere-voltaic characteristics of rectifying contact of aluminium and rhenium chalcogenides＇ alloys the switching effects were found.

Determination of Thermal Properties of Cuts and Residue Streams Obtained in the Molecular Distillation Process

A real-time sensing of the molecular distillation process temperature by a FLUKE brand thermograph Ti50 IR FlexCam and thermography technique was realized. After completion of the molecular distillation, three properties of heat transport chain cuts and residues obtained in the process were estimated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry （DSC） （specific heat, enthalpy, thermal conductivity）. These properties are of great importance for improving oil characterization and for future modeling and simulation of the molecular distillation process. The results show that through the method of Differential Scanning Calorimetry, profiles have been obtained from the variation of specific heat, enthalpy and thermal condutivity as a function of temperature for samples of cuts from the distillation （ASTM D-2892） and fractions of distillate and residue from the process of molecular distillation.

Rheological and Structural Properties of Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus During Heat Treatment

Changes in tissue structure, rheological properties and water content of raw and heated sea cucumber meat were studied. Sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus was heated at 25℃, 70℃ and 100℃ water for 5 min. The structural changes were observed using a light microscope and the rheological parameters （rupture strength, adhesive strength and deformation） determined using a texture meter. Microscopic photograph revealed that the structural change of heated meat was greater than that of raw meat. The rupture strength, adhesive strength and deformation of raw meat were smaller than those of the heated meat. Meanwhile, rheological parameters showed positive correlation with heating temperature. These changes are mainly caused by thermal denaturation and gelatinization of collagen during heating. These changes were also evidenced in observations using a light microscope and differential scanning calorimetry.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Sichuan Province Logistics Ability Based On Principal Component Analysis

Regional economy is the foundation for the development of the regional logistics and regional logistics as the support of the regional economic development, both interdependence, coordinated development, become the important factor of regional economic sus-tained and rapid development. This article selects relevant statistical data from 2002 to 2011 in Sichuan province were analyzed, and the quantitative mathematical model was established based on principal component analysis （pca）, and through the model for comprehensive evaluation of regional logistics caoability of Sichuan orovince.

Two—Electron Energy Spectrum in a Parabolic Quantum Dot Under a Magnetic Field

Two interacting electrons in a harmonic oscillator potential under the influence of a perpendicular homo-geneous magnetic field are considered. The energies of two-electron quantum dots with the electron-LO-phonon couplingas a function of magnetic field are calculated. Calculations are made by using the method of few-body physics withinthe effective-mass approximation. Our results show that the electron-LO-phonon coupling effect is very important insemiconductor quantum dots.

Empirical study on evaluation of regional agri-food logistics capability in e-commerce environment based on factor analysis A case study of Hebei province

With SPSS16.0 software, this paper chooses the statistical data of 11 cities in Hebei province to empirically study the agri-food logistics capability based on the method of factor analysis, and finally obtains the ranking of the 11 cities. It shows that, factor-cluster analysis is an effective method to analyze the logistics capability of agri-food. It can simplify the original complicated problem and lead to an objective, reliable and convincing conclusion.

Biologic Waste： Consistent Performance with an Alternating Field

Biomass plants often struggle to capture flow measurements reliably. High amounts of dry solids and fats complicate the measurement with an MID （Magnetic-Inductive） flowmeter and make it susceptible to faults. To overcome this impediment, the waste water treatment plant in Innsbruck, Austria, relies on electromagnetic pulsed AC （Alternating Current） flowmeters. Compared to pulsed DC （Direct Current） devices, AC devices are able to build up magnetic fields that are ten times stronger. Equipped with this capability, the Sitrans Transmag 2 is able to guarantee a constant and also high measuring accuracy, zero point stability and signal strength regardless of impurities in the medium or fluctuations in the magnetic field.

Assessing ability of a wet swale to manage road runoff：A case study in Hefei, China

The ability of a wet swale,constructed in an area of poor soil permeability,to manage runoff from a roadway was monitored through 27 storm events over a period of 8 months.During the monitoring period,the wet swale reduced the total runoff volume by 50.4%through exfiltration and evapotranspiration.The wet swale significantly decreased the influent pollutant concentrations,and the effluent mean concentrations of total suspended solids,total phosphorus,chemical oxygen demand,ammonium,oxidized nitrogen,and total nitrogen in the effluent were 31 mg/L,0.10 mg/L,29 mg/L,0.52 mg/L,0.35 mg/L and1.28 mg/L,respectively.Pollutant loads were also substantially reduced from 70%to 85%.Plant uptake played an important role in nutrient removal in the wet swale.Approximately half of the nitrogen(53.8%)and phosphorus(51.5%)that entered the wet swale was incorporated in above-ground plants.It is shown that wet swales are useful for managing runoff from roads in areas of poor soil permeability.