The objective of this paper is to design units with well-lighted environment and low-energy consumption in the apartment building. Their daylight and energy performance can be determined by the building shape and orie...The objective of this paper is to design units with well-lighted environment and low-energy consumption in the apartment building. Their daylight and energy performance can be determined by the building shape and orientation. The paper initially produced the results of illuminations and energy efficiency using the daylight and thermal simulations by Autodesk "ECOTECT". It then provided the comparison on simulation results of two type buildings: Flat-type and L-type apartment. The available options for the design incorporating the environmental performance have less flexibility in fiat-type apartments than in L-type ones. The best unit in the fiat apartment is fixed from -45 to 45 degrees rotation, however, that in the L-type one can change depending on rotating the building. Moreover, if the upper level units had the appropriate environment, the lower level could have larger window areas in order to meet those daylight performance needs. Results show that the facade design should have the different window areas depending on the location of each unit. It can assist in the comfort and low-energy consumption design by using simulation tools that achieve the more predictable understandings.展开更多
The traditional evaluation of energy consumption mostly introduces pollutants as a negative economic output into evaluating model,ignoring the configuration relationship among the energy input,pollutants as well as ec...The traditional evaluation of energy consumption mostly introduces pollutants as a negative economic output into evaluating model,ignoring the configuration relationship among the energy input,pollutants as well as economic output.This paper considers the overall process of energy consumption and constructs an evaluation indication system of energy consumption level combined with endogenous pollutants based on entropytopsis method,then makes empirical research.The results show that China's energy consumption level presents a fluctuant rise in the premise of emission.Energy consumption level depends on the relationship among energy input,pollutants and economic output.The raise of energy consumption level should not increase economic output and reduce pollutant emission at the expense of environment.Finally,the whole paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the overall level of energy consumption.展开更多
In this paper,a novel roll-to-roll imprint process is proposed to fabricate gratings in large area. The key challenges in roll-to-roll imprint process,such as the roller mold preparation,imprint system,misalignment of...In this paper,a novel roll-to-roll imprint process is proposed to fabricate gratings in large area. The key challenges in roll-to-roll imprint process,such as the roller mold preparation,imprint system,misalignment of imprint roller and backup roller,and also the imprint pressure,are investigated. Various gratings with different periods and profiles are obtained by the roll-to-roll process. To calibrate the measuring ability of the self-made grating by imprint,a calibration system is built with a dual-frequency laser interferometer. By the calibration,the self-made gratings can achieve ±4μm accuracy in 45mm measuring distance.展开更多
Energy consumption of block-cutting machines represents a major cost item in the processing of travertines and other natural stones. Therefore, determining the optimum sawing conditions for a particular stone is of ma...Energy consumption of block-cutting machines represents a major cost item in the processing of travertines and other natural stones. Therefore, determining the optimum sawing conditions for a particular stone is of major importance in the natural stone-processing industry. An experimental study was carried out utilizing a fully instrumented block-cutter to investigate the sawing performances of five different types of travertine blocks during cutting with a circular diamond saw. The sawing tests were performed in the down-cutting mode. Performance measurements were determined by measuring the cutting speed and energy consumption. Then, specific energy was determined. The one main cutting parameter, cutting speed, was varied in the investigation of optimum cutting performance. Furthermore, some physico-mechanical properties of file travertine blocks were determined in the laboratory. As a result, it is found that the energy consumption (specific energy) of block cutting machines is highly affected by cutting speed. It is determined that specific energy value usually decreases when cutting speed increases. When the cutting speed is higher than the determined value, the diamond saw can become stuck in the travertine block; this situation can be a problem for the block-cutting machine. As a result, the optimum cutting speed obtained for the travertine mines examined is approximately 1.5-2.0 m/min.展开更多
After the great east Japan earthquake in 2011, Japanese energy system has been expected to prioritize safety and trustworthiness. Now, distributed power systems are considered as one solution, but utilizing exhaust he...After the great east Japan earthquake in 2011, Japanese energy system has been expected to prioritize safety and trustworthiness. Now, distributed power systems are considered as one solution, but utilizing exhaust heat is an important task to be solved. The purpose of this study is to build a simulation model to harness waste heat of commercial buildings. We obtained two types of data: distributed power system in 1/15 scale model of supermarket, restaurant and real world energy consumption of the two buildings. Results showed cold cabinets, whose electricity was affected by temperatures outside and inside, consumed most in supermarket. While air conditioning, affected by air enthalpy of outside and inside, consumed most in restaurant. According to our simulation with gas engine, PV (photovoltaic) panel, PCM (phase change material), thermal storage, FCU (fan coil unit) and refrigerated cabinets in scale model, we could reduce 27% of CO_2 emission and 25% of running cost by selecting optimal size.展开更多
We propose a scheme for approximately and conditionally teleporting an unknown atomic-entangled state in dissipative cavity QED. It is the further development of the scheme of [Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 064302], where ...We propose a scheme for approximately and conditionally teleporting an unknown atomic-entangled state in dissipative cavity QED. It is the further development of the scheme of [Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 064302], where the cavity mode decay has not been considered and the state teleportated is an unknown atomic state. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the decay on the approximate and conditional teleportation of the unknown atomic-entangled state, which is different from that teleportated in [Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 064302] and then give the fidelity of the teleportation, which depends on the cavity mode decay. The scheme may be generalized to not only the teleportation of the cavity-mode-entangled-state by means of a single atom but also the teleportation of the unknown trapped-ionentangled-state in a linear ion trap.展开更多
The present explanatory study was carried out to investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and food balance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010, using published data. This study was conducted to i...The present explanatory study was carried out to investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and food balance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010, using published data. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food balance and diabetes mellitus, using published data on food balances in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2007, published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2012 and Medical Technical papers and Scientific Reports published on Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia in an explanatory study. Food balance was calculated per capita and then its level of change was compared with changing of diabetes mellitus in the country. Results illustrated that Saudi citizen daily protein consumption (DPC) during 2005-2007 (g/capita/day) is higher than the average global consumption level of protein with 15.27%, daily fat consumption (DFC) with 24.56% and daily energy consumption (DEC) with 16.93% and increases than recommended level by International Nutrition Organizations (INO) with 56% for protein, 60.49% for fat and 27.37% for energy. On the other hand, DPC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 88.3 g/day to 82.36 g/day. Moreover, DFC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 3,247.90 Cal/capita/day to 3,176.43 Cal/capita/day, and daily energy consumption (DEC) of Saudi citizen increases than world consumption with 16.93%, while increases with 27.37% than INO. Despite this, DPC, DFC and DEC per capita in Saudi Arabia were still higher than world mean. On the other side, results illustrated that the number of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia during the same period (2005-2010). The curve of diabetic patient's number in Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010 is regular ascending with increasing level ranged between 7.10% in 2005 and 12.44% in 2010. It is essential to devise Saudi National Programme to educate the public about the relation of food balances and diabetes, so it could be avoided, and provide citizens with healthy dietary balances tables.展开更多
Energy-conservation based generation dispatching is the revolutionary change in operation mode which could reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions, promote power industry restructuring, and achieve sustainab...Energy-conservation based generation dispatching is the revolutionary change in operation mode which could reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions, promote power industry restructuring, and achieve sustainable development. Social benefit evaluation of the energy-conservation based generation dispatching under the new situation and environment has come into being as an important theoretical issue. A new scenario analysis based social benefit evluating method, which is implemented by comparing the energy., consumption and pollutant emissions of different scenarios defined by the key indicators, i.e., load factor and coal consumption structure, is proposed in the paper. Then the composition of social benefit is analyzed from the point of the dispatching mode and the coal consumption structure. The method proposed is of clear physical meaning. It is not only practical, but also applicable for the implementation of energy-conservation based generation dispatching in diffferent phases and with different goals.展开更多
Taking a sewage treatment project of Dalian for example, this paper studied the feasibility and characteristics of two sewage treatment technologies, analyzed the process, operation management and energy consumption, ...Taking a sewage treatment project of Dalian for example, this paper studied the feasibility and characteristics of two sewage treatment technologies, analyzed the process, operation management and energy consumption, and determined the hydrolytic sedimentation tank - biological filter - V-Filter technology as the final solution of this project.展开更多
We used the Chinese skink Eumeces chinensis as a model animal to study the effects of tail loss on reproductive in- vestment and offspring traits. A total of 147 wild-captured adult females were divided into four grou...We used the Chinese skink Eumeces chinensis as a model animal to study the effects of tail loss on reproductive in- vestment and offspring traits. A total of 147 wild-captured adult females were divided into four groups according to their tail con- ditions. Tail breaks occurred most frequently in the proximal portion of the tail and least frequently in the distal portion, with the middle portion in between. This finding suggests that tail breaks occurring in nature often entails substantial energetic costs in E. chinensis where the tail is a major site of energy storage. The proportion of females that laid eggs was higher in females with in- tact or completely regenerated tails than in those with broken tails. Following whole-tail autotomy, the clutch size was reduced by 17%, and the clutch mass was reduced by 14%. Females undergoing substantial tail autotomy reduced reproductive investment, and they did so by reducing the number but not the size of eggs produced. None of the egg and hatchling traits was affected by tail loss. Comparing our data with those reported for other oviparous and viviparous skinks allows us to draw two general conclu- sions: one is that fecundity (clutch or litter size) is affected by tail loss in all species so far studied, whereas offspring size is af- fected by tail loss in some species, but not in others; the other is that the reduction in fecundity following tail loss is more evident in species lacking abdominal fat bodies展开更多
文摘The objective of this paper is to design units with well-lighted environment and low-energy consumption in the apartment building. Their daylight and energy performance can be determined by the building shape and orientation. The paper initially produced the results of illuminations and energy efficiency using the daylight and thermal simulations by Autodesk "ECOTECT". It then provided the comparison on simulation results of two type buildings: Flat-type and L-type apartment. The available options for the design incorporating the environmental performance have less flexibility in fiat-type apartments than in L-type ones. The best unit in the fiat apartment is fixed from -45 to 45 degrees rotation, however, that in the L-type one can change depending on rotating the building. Moreover, if the upper level units had the appropriate environment, the lower level could have larger window areas in order to meet those daylight performance needs. Results show that the facade design should have the different window areas depending on the location of each unit. It can assist in the comfort and low-energy consumption design by using simulation tools that achieve the more predictable understandings.
文摘The traditional evaluation of energy consumption mostly introduces pollutants as a negative economic output into evaluating model,ignoring the configuration relationship among the energy input,pollutants as well as economic output.This paper considers the overall process of energy consumption and constructs an evaluation indication system of energy consumption level combined with endogenous pollutants based on entropytopsis method,then makes empirical research.The results show that China's energy consumption level presents a fluctuant rise in the premise of emission.Energy consumption level depends on the relationship among energy input,pollutants and economic output.The raise of energy consumption level should not increase economic output and reduce pollutant emission at the expense of environment.Finally,the whole paper puts forward the countermeasures to improve the overall level of energy consumption.
基金The Major Special Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2011ZX04014-071)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51275400)
文摘In this paper,a novel roll-to-roll imprint process is proposed to fabricate gratings in large area. The key challenges in roll-to-roll imprint process,such as the roller mold preparation,imprint system,misalignment of imprint roller and backup roller,and also the imprint pressure,are investigated. Various gratings with different periods and profiles are obtained by the roll-to-roll process. To calibrate the measuring ability of the self-made grating by imprint,a calibration system is built with a dual-frequency laser interferometer. By the calibration,the self-made gratings can achieve ±4μm accuracy in 45mm measuring distance.
文摘Energy consumption of block-cutting machines represents a major cost item in the processing of travertines and other natural stones. Therefore, determining the optimum sawing conditions for a particular stone is of major importance in the natural stone-processing industry. An experimental study was carried out utilizing a fully instrumented block-cutter to investigate the sawing performances of five different types of travertine blocks during cutting with a circular diamond saw. The sawing tests were performed in the down-cutting mode. Performance measurements were determined by measuring the cutting speed and energy consumption. Then, specific energy was determined. The one main cutting parameter, cutting speed, was varied in the investigation of optimum cutting performance. Furthermore, some physico-mechanical properties of file travertine blocks were determined in the laboratory. As a result, it is found that the energy consumption (specific energy) of block cutting machines is highly affected by cutting speed. It is determined that specific energy value usually decreases when cutting speed increases. When the cutting speed is higher than the determined value, the diamond saw can become stuck in the travertine block; this situation can be a problem for the block-cutting machine. As a result, the optimum cutting speed obtained for the travertine mines examined is approximately 1.5-2.0 m/min.
文摘After the great east Japan earthquake in 2011, Japanese energy system has been expected to prioritize safety and trustworthiness. Now, distributed power systems are considered as one solution, but utilizing exhaust heat is an important task to be solved. The purpose of this study is to build a simulation model to harness waste heat of commercial buildings. We obtained two types of data: distributed power system in 1/15 scale model of supermarket, restaurant and real world energy consumption of the two buildings. Results showed cold cabinets, whose electricity was affected by temperatures outside and inside, consumed most in supermarket. While air conditioning, affected by air enthalpy of outside and inside, consumed most in restaurant. According to our simulation with gas engine, PV (photovoltaic) panel, PCM (phase change material), thermal storage, FCU (fan coil unit) and refrigerated cabinets in scale model, we could reduce 27% of CO_2 emission and 25% of running cost by selecting optimal size.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10774042 and 10474118the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province under Grant No.05J J0005the Science Research Fund of Educational Bureau of Hunan Province of China under Grant No.06C606
文摘We propose a scheme for approximately and conditionally teleporting an unknown atomic-entangled state in dissipative cavity QED. It is the further development of the scheme of [Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 064302], where the cavity mode decay has not been considered and the state teleportated is an unknown atomic state. In this paper, we investigate the influence of the decay on the approximate and conditional teleportation of the unknown atomic-entangled state, which is different from that teleportated in [Phys. Rev. A 69 (2004) 064302] and then give the fidelity of the teleportation, which depends on the cavity mode decay. The scheme may be generalized to not only the teleportation of the cavity-mode-entangled-state by means of a single atom but also the teleportation of the unknown trapped-ionentangled-state in a linear ion trap.
文摘The present explanatory study was carried out to investigate the relation between diabetes mellitus and food balance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010, using published data. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between food balance and diabetes mellitus, using published data on food balances in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during 2005-2007, published by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2012 and Medical Technical papers and Scientific Reports published on Diabetes Mellitus in Saudi Arabia in an explanatory study. Food balance was calculated per capita and then its level of change was compared with changing of diabetes mellitus in the country. Results illustrated that Saudi citizen daily protein consumption (DPC) during 2005-2007 (g/capita/day) is higher than the average global consumption level of protein with 15.27%, daily fat consumption (DFC) with 24.56% and daily energy consumption (DEC) with 16.93% and increases than recommended level by International Nutrition Organizations (INO) with 56% for protein, 60.49% for fat and 27.37% for energy. On the other hand, DPC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 88.3 g/day to 82.36 g/day. Moreover, DFC per capita in Saudi Arabia decreased during the period 2008-2010 from 3,247.90 Cal/capita/day to 3,176.43 Cal/capita/day, and daily energy consumption (DEC) of Saudi citizen increases than world consumption with 16.93%, while increases with 27.37% than INO. Despite this, DPC, DFC and DEC per capita in Saudi Arabia were still higher than world mean. On the other side, results illustrated that the number of diabetic patients in Saudi Arabia during the same period (2005-2010). The curve of diabetic patient's number in Saudi Arabia during 2005-2010 is regular ascending with increasing level ranged between 7.10% in 2005 and 12.44% in 2010. It is essential to devise Saudi National Programme to educate the public about the relation of food balances and diabetes, so it could be avoided, and provide citizens with healthy dietary balances tables.
文摘Energy-conservation based generation dispatching is the revolutionary change in operation mode which could reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions, promote power industry restructuring, and achieve sustainable development. Social benefit evaluation of the energy-conservation based generation dispatching under the new situation and environment has come into being as an important theoretical issue. A new scenario analysis based social benefit evluating method, which is implemented by comparing the energy., consumption and pollutant emissions of different scenarios defined by the key indicators, i.e., load factor and coal consumption structure, is proposed in the paper. Then the composition of social benefit is analyzed from the point of the dispatching mode and the coal consumption structure. The method proposed is of clear physical meaning. It is not only practical, but also applicable for the implementation of energy-conservation based generation dispatching in diffferent phases and with different goals.
文摘Taking a sewage treatment project of Dalian for example, this paper studied the feasibility and characteristics of two sewage treatment technologies, analyzed the process, operation management and energy consumption, and determined the hydrolytic sedimentation tank - biological filter - V-Filter technology as the final solution of this project.
基金Acknowledgments This study was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China (Project No. 30670281) and the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education (Project No. Y200908723). We thank Lai-Gao Luo, Long-Hui Lin, Yan-Fu Qu, Xi-Dong Zhang, Hong Li and Hong-Xia Liu for their help during the research.
文摘We used the Chinese skink Eumeces chinensis as a model animal to study the effects of tail loss on reproductive in- vestment and offspring traits. A total of 147 wild-captured adult females were divided into four groups according to their tail con- ditions. Tail breaks occurred most frequently in the proximal portion of the tail and least frequently in the distal portion, with the middle portion in between. This finding suggests that tail breaks occurring in nature often entails substantial energetic costs in E. chinensis where the tail is a major site of energy storage. The proportion of females that laid eggs was higher in females with in- tact or completely regenerated tails than in those with broken tails. Following whole-tail autotomy, the clutch size was reduced by 17%, and the clutch mass was reduced by 14%. Females undergoing substantial tail autotomy reduced reproductive investment, and they did so by reducing the number but not the size of eggs produced. None of the egg and hatchling traits was affected by tail loss. Comparing our data with those reported for other oviparous and viviparous skinks allows us to draw two general conclu- sions: one is that fecundity (clutch or litter size) is affected by tail loss in all species so far studied, whereas offspring size is af- fected by tail loss in some species, but not in others; the other is that the reduction in fecundity following tail loss is more evident in species lacking abdominal fat bodies