物议四起的民国时期中学会考

1932年5月推行的中学毕业会考是整顿当时中学教育的一个利器,也是一次重要且艰难的基础教育评价制度设计。政府的控制动机和整肃目的十分明显,但对稳定中学教学秩序,提高教学质量和毕业水准不为无利。会考自推行之日一直是物议不断,贬褒互现,总体上批评多于赞成。该决策缺乏必要的民意基础和科学论证,反映出制度设计缺陷与行政干预过滥。研究民国时期中学会考制度可为改革目前高中会考及中学评价机制提供历史观照。

吴湘案的“物议”、复推及其影响

本文利用笔记、文集和墓志材料,将重点放在探讨吴湘案发生以后的舆论反应、如何理解党争和其时的朝局运作、牛李两党成员的分界、事件在晚唐以后的演变以及宋人如何看待这一案件及其间人物等方面。

邀石入园饬旧胜新--苏州怡园前叠山阶段取石运石过程分析

江南园林营造过程中,庭院立峰及园林掇山均为必须要素.以晚清文人顾文彬所建的苏州铁瓶巷顾氏宅院、其私园尚书里怡园为对象,避开叠山方法或形态美学等造景行为完成后的解析,着眼于用石造景前的准备阶段.通过分析顾文彬所留家书、日记,结合其他史料,对用石造景前湖石购买来源的选择,运送过程中物议的顾虑、运送方式的不同、运送路线的斟酌,以及湖石堆叠前的存放等问题进行梳理分析,试图初步呈现出前叠山阶段假山石材的处理过程.

Hardware-in-loop Simulation(HLS) of Homing Anti-tank Missile

The simulation techniques of hardware-in-loop simulation(HLS) of homing antitank missile based on the personal computer (PC) are discussed. The PC and MCS-96 chip controller employ A/D and D/A boards (with photoelectricity isolation) to transfer measur ment and control information about homing head, gyro and rudder and utilize the digital hand shaking board to build correct communication communication protocol. In order to satisfy the real-time requirement of HLS, this paper first simplifies the aerodynamic data file reasonably, then builds a PC software with C language. The program of the controller part is made with PL/M language. The simulation of HLS based on PC is done with the same sampling period of 10ms as that of YH-F1 and the experiment results are identical to those of digital simulation of the homing anti-tank guided missile.

An Overview on Molecular Biology of Flax(Linum usitatissimum L.) in China

The advances in molecular biology research of flax （Linum usitatissimum L.）, including DNA extraction, gene cloning and transformation, molecular markers, molecular identity, genetic diversity analysis, construction of genetic linkage map etc. were summarized in this article. Meanwhile, some problems existing in flax breeding, cultivation and germplasm classification were pointed out, including less developed molecular markers, lack of target genes and usable markers, genetic linkage map covering less genome, less research on molecular biology and so on. Five constructive suggestions were finally proposed in this article to provide reference for molecular biology research and development of Chinese flax.

李镜清与甘肃省临时议会

甘肃省临时议会与其它省的民初议会不同,不是由清末咨议局直接演化而来的。 甘肃是一个政治、经济均十分落后的边陲省份。交通闭塞,地瘠民贫,封建势力根深蒂固;民族资本主义直到清末才开始出现,民族资产阶级尚未成长起来,资产阶级民主革命思想一直未能得到广泛传播;革命形势远远落后于内地各省。早在1905年同盟会在日本东京成立之时,独甘肃因无留日学生而没有代表出席。1906年虽在日本东京成立了陕甘同盟会支部,但成立甘肃同盟会的计划却始终没有实现。陕甘同盟会支部负责人井勿幕等人虽在甘肃有过活动,但在组织发展方面也没有形成一支力量。1910年前后,一些内地革命志士陆续来甘活动,但因力量有限,革命工作局面终未打开。

Enabling Technology of Multiagent Manufacturing System:A Novel Mode of Self-organizing IoT Manufacturing

As the manufacturing mode focuses more on network and community,the orders and production processes are becoming highly dynamic and unpredictable.The traditional manufacturing system cannot handle those exceptional events such as rush orders and machine breakdowns.Nevertheless,the multiagent manufacturing system(MAMS)becomes a critical pattern to deal with these disturbances in a real-time way.However,due to the lack of universality,MAMS is difficult to be applied to industrial sites.A new multiagent architecture and the relay cooperation model based on a positive process relation matrix are proposed to address this paper’s issue.An optimized contract net protocol(CNP)-based negotiation mechanism is developed to improve the efficiency of collaboration in the proposed architecture.Finally,a case study of self-organizing internet of things(Io T)manufacturing system is used to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.It is shown that the proposed self-organizing Io T manufacturing mode outperforms the traditional manufacturing system in terms of makespan and critical machine workload balancing under disturbances through comparison.

WiFi over Fiber Link and Wavelength Assignment Protocol for Internet of Things

A novel Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) over fiber link and a wavelength assignment protocol are proposed to provide sufficient bandwidth and extensive coverage range for the various applications in the Internet of Things (IoT).The performance of the WiFi over fiber-based wireless IoT network is evaluated in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) and data throughput for both the up and down links between the WiFi central control system and remote radio units (RRUs).The experimental results illustrate the reliability of the fiber transmission of 64 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (64QAM) WiFi signals by direct analog modulation.In order to efficiently utilize the wavelength resources,we also demonstrated the wavelength assignment protocol by employing optical switching configurations in Central Station (CS) to realize the wavelength switching,and the simulation results indicate the queuing size and the corresponding queue delay for different numbers of available wavelengths.

Enhancement of GAO's Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing

A multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol with two-photon three-dimensional Bell states was proposed by Gao [Commun. Theor. Phys. 52 (2009) 421] recently. This study points out that the performance of Gao's protocol can be much improved by using the technique of decoy single photons and carefully modifying the protocol to remove some unnecessary unitary operations, devices, and transmissions.

Edible Plants Enriched with Selenium

Selenium （Se） is an important element from the environmental and biological point of view. In the world, deficiency of Se in a diet occurs more often and nutritional supplements are recommended.The ability of several plants to accumulate and transform inorganic Se forms into its bioactive organic compounds has important implications for human nutrition and health. This work gives a brief overview of the study carried out to characterize Se species produced by different enriched edible plants which were grown in the presence of different Se species.

Improvement on Quantum Secure Direct Communication with W State in Noisy Channel

An improvement （Y-protocol） [Commun. Theor. Phys. 49 （2008） 103] on the quantum secure direct communication with W state （C-protocol） [Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 （2006） 290] is proposed by Yuan et al. The quantum bit error rate induced by eavesdropper is 4.17% in C-protocol and 6.25% in Y-protocoL In this paper, another improvement on C-protocol is given. The quantum bit error rate of the eavesdropping will increase to 8.75%, which is 1.1 times larger than that in C-protocol and 0.4 times larger than that in Y-protocol.

Improved Multipartite Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol Using Preshared Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger States

Inspired by the protocol presented by Bagherinezhad and Karimipour[Phys.Rev.A 67(2003) 044302], which will be shown to be insecure,we present a multipartite quantum secret sharing protocol using reusable GreenbergerHorne -Zeilinger(GHZ) states.This protocol is robust against eavesdropping and could be used for the circumstance of many parties.

Design and Implementation of Remote Health Monitoring Sensor Network Based on the Internet of Things

From the view of practical application, this paper designs the human body physiology information collection nodes, the coordinator node, wireless transmission system using CC2430 microcontroller, and detailed design information of human body sensor （temperature, heart rate, ECG / pulse） circuit diagram. This paper set up software of a wireless network （ZigBee protocol）, sensor signal acquisition, wireless transmitting and receiving, and communicate with PC machine by serial communication coordinator node. Experiments show that the network node data transmission accurate, reliable work, basically reached the requirements of the design issues.

Research on the Application of Infrared Communication based on the embedded System and IOT

From the view of practical application, this paper designs an infrared information collection nodes, the coordinator node, wireless transmission system using CC2430 microcontroller, and in detail design the infrared sensor （temperature, heart rate, ECG / pulse） circuit diagram. This paper set up a wireless network （ZigBee protocol）, sensor signal acquisition, wireless transmitting and receiving, serial communication software design of coordinator node and PC machine. Finally, we on-line debug each module of the system hardware and software. Experiments show that the network node data transmission accurate, reliable work, has basically met the design requirements.

Research on the key technology of RFID and its application in modem logistics

The paper study communication protocol, the structure of the circuit, antenna design of radio frequency identification technology （RFID）, and puts forward a scheme based on IOT application： RFID logistics tracking system. Finally, the paper study the logistics distribution center information management model from three aspects of the system design objectives, system function analysis and system architecture design based on RFID.

The Categories and Benefit-sharing of Traditional Knowledge Associated with Biodiversity

A milestone in the Year of Biodiversity is that the Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity （CBD） was adopted in the 10th Conference of Parties （COP 10） held in Nagoya, Japan, Oct 18- 29, 2010. Traditional knowledge （TK） is a key issue in the Protocol’s text and its negotiating period. This paper aimed to protect TK by defining its concepts and categories and promoting benefit-sharing with TK’s holders. Based on the analysis for the TK concepts of relevant international organizations and conventions, in particularly on the author’s current years’ research work on TK in the ethnic areas of China, this paper proposes the categories and the classification system for the TK associated with biological resources, i.e. （i） the knowledge for traditional use of agricultural bio-species and genetic resources; （ii） the knowledge for traditional use of medicinal bio-species;（iii） traditional technical innovations for bio- resource use and traditional practices for farming and living styles; （iv） traditional cultures such as customary laws and community protocols that are related to conservation and sustainable use of bio-resources; and （v） traditional geographically biological indicators. Furthermore, this paper introduced the provisions for access and benefit-sharing of TK and proposed to share fairly and equitably the benefits produced from use of TK with indigenous people, local communities and other kinds of holders such as a country for the ancient documented TK. In addition, aimed to the existing problems for traditional knowledge protection, the national strategy for TK protection was introduced and measures for TK inheritance, development, utilization and protection measures were put forward, which are significant for TK’s popularization and beneficial to local communities of the ethnic groups in China.

Hepatitis C in Laos： A 7-Year Retrospective Study on 1765 Patients

Hepatitis C virus （HCV） is a global health concern, notably in Southeast Asia, and in Laos the presentation of the HCV- induced liver disease is poorly known. Our objective was thus to describe a comprehensive HCV infection pattern in order to guide national health policies. A study on a group of 1765 patients formerly diagnosed by rapid test in health centres was conducted at the Centre of Infectiology Lao Christophe Merieux in Vientiane. The demographic information of patients, their infection status （viral load： VL）, liver function （aminotransferases） and treatments were analysed. Results showed that gender distribution of infected people was balanced; with median ages of 53.8 for men and 51.6 years for women （13-86 years）. The majority of patients （72%） were confirmed positive （VL 〉 50 IU/mL） and 28% of them had high VL （〉 61oglo）. About 23% of patients had level of aminotransferases indicative of liver damage （〉 40 IU/mL）; but less than 20% of patients received treatment. Patients rarely received a second sampling or medical imaging. The survey also showed that cycloferon, pegylated interferon and ribavirin were the drugs prescribed preferentially by the medical staff, without following any international recommendations schemes. In conclusion, we recommend that a population screening policy and better management of patients should be urgently implemented in the country, respecting official guidelines. However, the cost of biological analysis and treatment are significant barriers that must be removed. Public health resolutions should be immediately enforced in the perspective of meeting the WHO HCV elimination deadline by 2030.

Dual-calibration coefficient:a more accurate protocol for simultaneous determination of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in human Hep G2 cell extracts

We present a more accurate method for the quantification of superoxide anion （02-） and hydrogen peroxide （H202） simulta- neously in human HepG2 cell extracts. After the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system was added into cell extract which was devoid of O2＊- and H202, steady-state and in-situ produced O2＊- and H202 by xanthine/xanthine oxidase system was labeled by fluorescent probes and subsequently separated by microchip electrophoresis. Based on this method, two differential equations with the calibration coefficients were established for O2 and H202, respectively. Using the established dual-calibration coefficients, we obtained the calibrated concentrations of 02＊ and H202 that produced in human HepG2 cells, which were lower （0.66±0.03 and 0.82±0.04 lamol/L for 02＊-and H202, respectively） than that （0.85±0.03 and 0.96±0.03 gmol/L for O. and H202, respectively） obtained from statutory working curve. The proposed dual-calibration coefficient protocol takes into account both the complex matrix effect of the biological system and real time decaying of O2 ＊- and H202, providing a method with higher accuracy.