浅谈国画家的物象观

国画家在观察事物与在作品中表现物象方面与西方画家存在一定的差别。文章就中国画家眼中物象的实质展开讨论,以期使人们对国画家与国画有更深的了解。

《老子》首章经文校笺

《老子》首章总共有五句 ,句句都被人作了歪曲的解释。纠正此章的讹误 ,对研究《老子》

Climate-induced Changes in Spring Maize Water Requirement in Xiliaohe River Watershed

Xiliaohe River watershed plays an important role in regional and national grain security.With the development of society and economy,water consumption that increased dramatically causes water shortages.Crop water requirement can provide quantitative basis for making regional irrigation scheme.In this study,spring maize water requirement is calculated by using PenmanMonteith formula and spring maize coefficient from May to September at 10 meteorological stations in Xiliaohe River watershed from 1951 to 2005.The variation trend of the spring maize water requirement during the whole growing stage,water requirement in every month,and meteorological influencing factors are obtained by using Mann-Kendall method,and the degree of grey incidence between the water requirement and meteorological influencing factors are shown.The results are the spring maize water requirement during the whole growing stages increases at half of the stations in Xiliaohe River watershed,and are remarkably affected by the water requirement in May.The monthly mean,maximum and minimum air temperature form May to September show an increasing trend in Xiliaohe River watershed in recent 55 years.The monthly mean and minimum air temperature increases notably.The relative humidity,precipitation,wind speed and sunshine show a decreasing trend with variety for different months.The monthly maximum air temperature,wind speed,sunshine and monthly mean air temperature have the highest correlation degree with spring maize water requirement from May to September.

Aesthetic art development and protection of Tujia waving dance in Hunan Province

Tujia dance is an advanced, special form of human aesthetic activities. The so-called aesthetic, simply put, is to feel, and understand the objective things or phenomena presented by the United States itself： specifically, it refers to the people in their social practice and objective process of historical things or phenomena occur and construct a special performance relationship. There are basically three kinds of relationships of man and objective things or phenomena： firstly, cognitive relation of science; Secondly, ethical norms relations; thirdly, aesthetic performance relationship. Focus on the relationship between the performances of the aesthetic object vivid sense of the expressive form of regularity is the unity and purpose, with freedom. The essence of aesthetic is liberty. Art aesthetic and general aesthetic are different, mainly because of its aesthetic objects, which is based on works of art as an aesthetic object. General aesthetic contemplation of beauty of reality, the reality of objective things or phenomena, not as people practice the original object mad the object of knowledge exists. In social practice, they first form a rational understanding of relationships and will practice relationship. On this basis, when the society develops to the degree of no direct utilitarian attitude, practical attitude towards the object of an object only when there has been more mature, purely aesthetic relationship. The beauty of art is different from the reality beauty, which is produced and existed as an aesthetic object.

Ambiguous Goods, Ambiguous Societies： On the Precariousness of Meanings

The producers-especially industrial-of artifacts view them as conveying distinct meanings, and they surround them with discourses to support their representation （marketing, packaging, and advertising）. Yet, these superimposed meanings say nothing about what the objects signify for their users. How are the objects manipulated by those who use them？ Only when both the meanings assigned by the manufacturers and those attributed by the users are known is it possible to determine the difference or similarity between the meanings imposed on objects from above and those produced by their users. We, thus, shift from an economic conception of consumption to one which emphasizes the cultural and communicative roles essential for granting material objects their social protagonism, freeing them from subordination to their producers without imprisoning them passively in the network of meanings constructed by consumers. Emphasizing that things have biographies, which can be more or less fully reconstructed and recounted, is useful not only for understanding the role that material objects perform in determining social phenomena independently from the intentions of their producers, but also for demonstrating the mutable character of their social presence. Objects, therefore, should be considered, not as commodities, but as materials for the social construction of reality, as provisional and negotiable meanings. It is precisely the provisional and negotiable nature of objects that makes them ontologically ambiguous things which communicate their own values, points of view, and so on.

Coexistence of large positive and negative magnetoresistance in Cr_(2)Si_(2)Te_(6) ferromagnetic semiconductor

Magnetoresistance(MR)phenomenon couples the electron transport with magnetic field,which has been at the forefront of condensed matter physics and materials science.Large-MR behaviors are of particularly importance for magnetic sensor and information memory applications,and their scarcity has aroused intensive research.Moreover,due to the different physical origins,combination of large positive and negative MR(pMR and nMR)in one single compound has rarely been reported.In present work,we achieved a coexistence of large pMR and nMR in Cr_(2)Si_(2)Te_(6) ferromagnetic semiconductor single crystal with different field configurations.Specifically,a large nMR of about -60% was obtained under the in-plane field,while a large pMR higher than 1000% took over in the out-of-plane direction.We attribute this field direction-sensitive dualistic large MR behavior to the competition and cooperation effect from the ferromagnetic interaction,orbital scattering and electronic correlation that coexist in Cr_(2)Si_(2)Te_(6),which contribute to n MR,pMR,and nMR,respectively,in dominated temperature and field ranges,and show different weights under different field directions.The elucidated multiple MR mechanism in this ferromagnetic semiconductor will shed light on the pursuit of coexistence of large p MR and nMR for field-sensitive device applications.