This study evaluated the effect of carbon dioxide addition on microbiological quality during refrigerated storage of raw milk collected in Curitiba city, Brazil. A three factor-two level full factorial design was used...This study evaluated the effect of carbon dioxide addition on microbiological quality during refrigerated storage of raw milk collected in Curitiba city, Brazil. A three factor-two level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the pH （5.8-6.4）, storage time （0-10 days） and storage temperature （5-10 ℃）, on the responses, namely, mesophiles, psychrotrophs, lipolytic psychrotrophs and proteolytic psychrotrophs counts. Results showed that increase in pH and storage time had significant effect on the microbial count. No significant effect of storage temperature was observed for all the microorganisms studied. All responses were well predicted by selected mathematical models, as denoted by coefficient of determination above 0.95.展开更多
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium and ascorbic acid treatments on the quality of carrot shreds during storage. Towards this aim, carrot shreds were dipped into a 5 L solution of 2 g/L ascorbic acid co...This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium and ascorbic acid treatments on the quality of carrot shreds during storage. Towards this aim, carrot shreds were dipped into a 5 L solution of 2 g/L ascorbic acid containing 1%, 3%, or 5% CaCI2 （Ca ＋ AA） for 3 min at room temperature （-20 ℃）. In case of the control group （control, C）, samples were dipped into distilled water for the same time interval. Subsequent to treatment, carrot shreds were stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 ℃, 85-90% RH for a period of 11 days. Color values （L＊, a＊ b＊）, whiteness index, saturation index, hue angle values, visual quality, firmness scores, bitterness scores, total soluble solids （TSS） and electrolyte leakage measurements were conducted at various sampling dates. The results from this study demonstrated that brightness of carrot shreds was augmented by calcium and ascorbic acid treatments irrespective of the dosage used. Whiteness index values for the 5% Ca ＋ AA treated samples were observed to be low whereas saturation indices of 5% Ca ＋ AA and 3% Ca ＋ AA treated carrot shreds were higher as compared to other treatments. This study concludes that treatment with calcium at high doses improves the color quality of carrot shreds under storage conditions. Visual quality and firmness of carrot shreds was maintained till day 4 of storage, thereafter it declined as compared to the control group, Bitterness of carrot shreds was also observed to increase upon treatment with calcium and ascorbic acid. However, calcium treatment of the test carrot shreds was seen to decrease weight loss and cause an increase in the TSS under storage conditions.展开更多
Cereal grains are stored to preserve the product from storing to consuming without any quality loss. The choice of the most suitable and economical store has great importance on storage period of cereals under conside...Cereal grains are stored to preserve the product from storing to consuming without any quality loss. The choice of the most suitable and economical store has great importance on storage period of cereals under consideration of climate conditions, types of grain and transportation facility. The aim of present study was to give information about different cereal storage methods and discuss the most preferable technique for stock keepers. There are five main storage methods for the cereals, i.e., bulk storage, storage in underground pit, storage in bags, storage in sheds and storage in silos. Each has many advantages and disadvantages. Grains are usually preserved as bulk stack in horizontal stores. Nowadays, the storage underground is not preferred in cereal industry. For long-term storage period, cereals are unfavorable when stored as bulk in bags. Location, moisture content and sufficient ventilation are important factors for cereals stored in sheds. The most preferred storage technique in plants is to keep the products in silos. Steel and galvanized silos are the most common ones when compared with the others. In recent years, convention of storage techniques for grains has been advanced with the innovations, such as aeration, refrigerated storage, modified atmospheric storage and hermetic storage systems.展开更多
Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene,carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. ...Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene,carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. However, the development of advanced science and technology has spurred demands for green and sustainable energy storage materials.Biomass-derived carbon, as a type of electrode materials, has attracted much attention because of its structural diversities,adjustable physical/chemical properties, environmental friendliness and considerable economic value. Because the nature contributes the biomass with bizarre micro structures,the biomass-derived carbon materials also show naturally structural diversities, such as OD spherical, 1D fibrous, 2D lamellar and 3D spatial structures. In this review, the structure design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage is presented. The effects of structural diversity, porosity and surface heteroatom doping of biomass-derived carbon materials in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. In addition, the new trends and challenges in biomass-derived carbon materials have also been proposed for further rational design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage.展开更多
文摘This study evaluated the effect of carbon dioxide addition on microbiological quality during refrigerated storage of raw milk collected in Curitiba city, Brazil. A three factor-two level full factorial design was used to investigate the effect of the pH （5.8-6.4）, storage time （0-10 days） and storage temperature （5-10 ℃）, on the responses, namely, mesophiles, psychrotrophs, lipolytic psychrotrophs and proteolytic psychrotrophs counts. Results showed that increase in pH and storage time had significant effect on the microbial count. No significant effect of storage temperature was observed for all the microorganisms studied. All responses were well predicted by selected mathematical models, as denoted by coefficient of determination above 0.95.
文摘This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium and ascorbic acid treatments on the quality of carrot shreds during storage. Towards this aim, carrot shreds were dipped into a 5 L solution of 2 g/L ascorbic acid containing 1%, 3%, or 5% CaCI2 （Ca ＋ AA） for 3 min at room temperature （-20 ℃）. In case of the control group （control, C）, samples were dipped into distilled water for the same time interval. Subsequent to treatment, carrot shreds were stored in a cold room at 5 ± 1 ℃, 85-90% RH for a period of 11 days. Color values （L＊, a＊ b＊）, whiteness index, saturation index, hue angle values, visual quality, firmness scores, bitterness scores, total soluble solids （TSS） and electrolyte leakage measurements were conducted at various sampling dates. The results from this study demonstrated that brightness of carrot shreds was augmented by calcium and ascorbic acid treatments irrespective of the dosage used. Whiteness index values for the 5% Ca ＋ AA treated samples were observed to be low whereas saturation indices of 5% Ca ＋ AA and 3% Ca ＋ AA treated carrot shreds were higher as compared to other treatments. This study concludes that treatment with calcium at high doses improves the color quality of carrot shreds under storage conditions. Visual quality and firmness of carrot shreds was maintained till day 4 of storage, thereafter it declined as compared to the control group, Bitterness of carrot shreds was also observed to increase upon treatment with calcium and ascorbic acid. However, calcium treatment of the test carrot shreds was seen to decrease weight loss and cause an increase in the TSS under storage conditions.
文摘Cereal grains are stored to preserve the product from storing to consuming without any quality loss. The choice of the most suitable and economical store has great importance on storage period of cereals under consideration of climate conditions, types of grain and transportation facility. The aim of present study was to give information about different cereal storage methods and discuss the most preferable technique for stock keepers. There are five main storage methods for the cereals, i.e., bulk storage, storage in underground pit, storage in bags, storage in sheds and storage in silos. Each has many advantages and disadvantages. Grains are usually preserved as bulk stack in horizontal stores. Nowadays, the storage underground is not preferred in cereal industry. For long-term storage period, cereals are unfavorable when stored as bulk in bags. Location, moisture content and sufficient ventilation are important factors for cereals stored in sheds. The most preferred storage technique in plants is to keep the products in silos. Steel and galvanized silos are the most common ones when compared with the others. In recent years, convention of storage techniques for grains has been advanced with the innovations, such as aeration, refrigerated storage, modified atmospheric storage and hermetic storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51702117,51672055)Major Research Projects Fund of Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology (2016006)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (E201416)
文摘Currently, carbon materials, such as graphene,carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, porous carbon, have been successfully applied in energy storage area by taking advantage of their structural and functional diversity. However, the development of advanced science and technology has spurred demands for green and sustainable energy storage materials.Biomass-derived carbon, as a type of electrode materials, has attracted much attention because of its structural diversities,adjustable physical/chemical properties, environmental friendliness and considerable economic value. Because the nature contributes the biomass with bizarre micro structures,the biomass-derived carbon materials also show naturally structural diversities, such as OD spherical, 1D fibrous, 2D lamellar and 3D spatial structures. In this review, the structure design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage is presented. The effects of structural diversity, porosity and surface heteroatom doping of biomass-derived carbon materials in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are discussed in detail. In addition, the new trends and challenges in biomass-derived carbon materials have also been proposed for further rational design of biomass-derived carbon materials for energy storage.
