混煤煤灰在加热过程中矿物质行为研究

选用三种不同成分的高温灰，按不同比例进行混合，测定其熔融特性温度，并利用Ｘ射线衍射分析法对混合灰样加热过程中矿物质行为进行了研究。结果表明，混煤煤灰熔融特性温度与混合比不成线性规律变化。高温作用下混合灰样的矿物质组成与ＣａＯＡｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＯ２三元系统相图中对应组分点处的矿物质组成基本一致，混煤煤灰熔融特性温度偏低，矿物质间存在低温共熔作用。

煤焦中矿物质行为与灰熔融温度的关系

在 1 0 0 0～ 1 60 0°C制焦温度下 ,借助于扫描电子显微镜研究了扎莱诺尔、后布连、东胜、西山、沈北、沈阳和阳泉 7种煤焦中的矿物质行为。研究结果表明 ,高温热处理后焦中的矿物质变化行为与相应煤的灰熔点密切相关。当制焦温度接近或超过相应煤灰的熔融温度时 ,焦中的矿物质出现了明显的迁移倾向 ,从初始的随机分散分布发展到团聚 ,温度越高 ,矿物质的分布改变也越大 。

工读学校学生的物质滥用行为及其关键影响因素分析

选取西南某省工读学校的193名工读学生参加问卷调查,拟考察工读生的物质滥用行为特点,并初步探索影响工读生物质滥用行为的关键因素以及各关键因素的相对影响力。结果发现:(1)工读生中存在较严重的每日吸烟(49%)、大量饮酒(41%)和毒品使用行为(41%),女生的毒品使用行为约是男生的两倍(74%vs.35%);(2)父母物质滥用行为与态度、同伴物质滥用行为与态度、同伴压力、抵制效能感是影响工读生出现物质滥用行为的关键影响因素;(3)在工读生物质滥用行为影响因素的关系模型中,父母诸因素可以显著地预测同伴诸因素,同时,父母和同伴特点又通过影响工读生的抵制效能感,间接地预测工读生的三种物质滥用行为。其中,父母诸因素对工读生的物质滥用行为和抵制效能感的预测力大于同伴的作用。

害虫拒食行为调控物质的筛选模型研究

以亚洲玉米螟 (Ostrinia furnacalis)幼虫为试材 ,以电生理技术顶端记录法 ,确定栓锥感受器是拒食活性的靶标器官 ,建立拒食活性物质规范化的筛选模型 ,作为检测合成或半合成的克罗烷二萜类化合物的拒食活性。结果表明 :既可抑制其糖电位诱发侧栓锥感受器的脉冲频率 ,亦可直接诱发中栓锥感受器特定细胞引起的脉冲频率变化 ,且与拒食行为生测法的结果基本吻合 ,成正相关。利用离体的味觉感受靶标器官的电生理方法 ,可以定性或定量检测拒食活性 ,研究构效关系 ,具有快速、灵敏。

我国归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾现况调查

目的:分析我国归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率及其分布特征,为制定残疾康复相关的政策和防治措施提供依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对2006年第二次全国残疾人抽样调查数据进行分析,比较我国归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率及其人群和地区分布特征和危害程度。结果:归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率为17/10万(419/2 526 145),其中男性残疾率是女性的15.5倍,离婚者是在婚者的7.1倍,无工作者是有工作者的1.8倍,文盲是高中及以上受教育程度的3.7倍。归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率居前5位的省份依次为广东(63/10万)、云南(52/10万)、浙江(37/10万)、四川(34/10万)和贵州(30/10万)。归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾者中一、二、三、四级精神残疾构成比分别占5.0%、9.2%、11.5%和74.2%。单一残疾者共357人,在承担家庭责任、完成日常工作和家务劳动等生活活动方面有重度和极重度功能损害者占33.3%。结论:归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾率有人群和地区分布差异。归因于精神活性物质所致精神和行为障碍的残疾者各种功能中生活活动功能损害最严重。

大班幼儿自主游戏中教师物质支持行为研究

游戏是一种符合幼儿身心发展要求的活动,是对幼儿进行全面发展教育的重要形式,也是幼儿学习与发展的根本途径.近年来,幼儿教师在自主游戏中支持行为的价值在不断地被发掘.文章聚焦教师支持行为中的物质支持行为,分析其产生的原因并提出针对性建议,以期促进幼儿更好地发展.

行为物质化 皇家墨尔本理工大学建筑学院斯努克斯实验室的设计实践

隶属于皇家墨尔本理工大学的斯努克斯实验室专注于探索新兴技术对建筑设计方法的影响。该实验室尤其重视运用算法设计逻辑和机器建造技术来进行建筑形式、构造、装饰和结构等方面的实验研究。文章通过一系列设计导向下的实验原型和实践项目,探讨该实验室对关于行为的构造学的重视,并反思当下网络化研究环境所带来的深远影响。

利用SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-FeO_x四元体系评价煤中矿物质的热及流变特性研究（英文）

利用SiO_2-Al_2O_3-CaO-FeO_x四元体系研究了煤中矿物质热和黏温特性规律。利用热机械分析、差热、X射线衍射和热力学模拟以及高温旋转黏度计分析了矿物质的高温演化、反应和黏温特性(1700℃到固化温度)。结果表明,热机械分析和差热可以较好地在线考察矿物质高温特性。二氧化硅和氧化铝从低温矿物转变成高温形态,表现出稳定的结构和高黏度;另一方面,加入氧化钙或氧化铁可以起到助熔剂的作用,显著加快二氧化硅和氧化铝的反应和转化并降低黏度。氧化亚铁相比氧化铁和四氧化三铁表现出更明显的降低黏度的作用,而氧化铁还原成金属将显著提高体系黏度。三价铁离子与铝类似,可构成网架结构。另外,氧化铁在弱还原或高温下将产生部分二价铁离子对网架机构进行调整。氧化钙的存在可以加强四元体系中氧化铁的溶解能力,进而降低黏度。

手工艺·历史·文化·行为:我们应该怎样研究民间艺术和技术

对于日常生活中人们制作和使用的物品的研究,民俗学者主要有四种研究视角:(1)认为物质传统是历史手工艺品;(2)是可描述可传承的实体;(3)是文化的体现;(4)将制作和使用物品作为人类作为。前三种研究视角在民俗学界由来已久,很有影响,尤其是在口头文学和口传艺术研究领域。行为研究也发端于口头文学研究尤其是叙事研究,但是我们几位学者扩展了研究视野以便更好地理解物质民俗。在本文中,我将首先概述这四种观点,然后对物质文化和物质行为进行区分,最后,我将探讨物质行为研究的本质。在文章末尾,我将列举一些问题,在这种研究视野下这些问题可以指导田野作业。

Effect of temperature on suspension magnetization roasting of hematite using biomass waste as reductant:A perspective of gas evolution

The magnetization reduction of hematite using biomass waste can effectively utilize waste and reduce CO_(2) emission to achieve the goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.The effects of temperatures on suspension magnetization roasting of hematite using biomass waste for evolved gases have been investigated using TG-FTIR,Py-GC/MS and gas composition analyzer.The mixture reduction process is divided into four stages.In the temperature range of 200-450℃ for mixture,the release of CO_(2),acids,and ketones is dominated in gases products.The yield and concentration of small molecules reducing gases increase when the temperature increases from 450 to 900℃.At 700℃,the volume concentrations of CO,H_(2) and CH_(4) peak at 8.91%,8.90% and 4.91%,respectively.During the suspension magnetization roasting process,an optimal iron concentrate with an iron grade of 70.86%,a recovery of 98.66% and a magnetic conversion of 45.70% is obtained at 700℃.Therefore,the magnetization reduction could react greatly in the temperature range of 600 to 700℃ owing to the suitable reducing gases.This study shows a detail gaseous evolution of roasting temperature and provides a new insight for studying the reduction process of hematite using biomass waste.

Leaf Volatiles from Host Tree Acer negundo : Diurnal Rhythm and Behavior Responses of Anoplophora glabripennis to Volatiles in Field

The volatile compounds from ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were examined by adsorption-thermodesorption and GC-MS. Thirty-two compounds, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, etc. were identified. The analysis revealed that the diurnal rhythm of release of volatile compounds from maple differed in July and in August. In July, the releasing of most volatile compounds reached the peak at 14 o'clock, when in August, the emission of volatile compounds reached the peak at 10 o'clock. Besides diurnal rhythm, there also existed other differences in the releasing of volatiles and their relative contents in July and in August. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is the maturation of leaves, since the sampling conditions were the same both in July and August. At the same time, the response of Anoplophora glabrpennis Motschulsky to volatiles was examined with field bioassay with traps. cis-3-hexen-1-ol was found to be more effective to attract A. glabrpennis than other volatiles released by ash-leaf maple tree in field trapping test. A mixture of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol was tested to be the most attractive to A. glabripennis among all tested volatiles. More field trapping tests should be conducted.

中学生物质滥用行为的家庭环境因素研究

目的:了解某市中学生物质滥用行为的现状,并分析物质滥用行为与是否独生及家庭结构之间的关系。方法:按照分层整群抽样的方法,对某市中学生进行现场测量。结果:一是是否独生子女对尝试饮酒、现在饮酒、﹤13岁吸烟影响差异有统计学意义。二是不同家庭类型对中学生﹤13岁吸烟、尝试吸烟、现在吸烟、经常吸烟、每天吸烟、严重吸烟、尝试饮酒、重度饮酒、醉酒差异均有统计学意义。结论:中学生物质滥用行为较严重,受到家庭环境等因素的影响,需要家庭和学校给予关注。

论“文化”因素下的设计表象

从更为宽广的社会和文化语境出发,初步论述了作为一种物质和文化创造活动的设计的哲学和美学基点,这个基点是作为一种物化活动的设计创造性实践行为。并指出现代以来的设计运动所追求的目标是:试图通过设计赋予人类生活世界和文化世界以形式和秩序通过设计改变人类生活世界的现状,并使之成为一个融材料的真实性、技术的可靠性、结构的艺术性、感知的审美性的世界。

A Comprehensive Comparison of the Analytical and Numerical Prediction of the Thermal History and Solidification Microstructure of Inconel 718 Products Made by Laser Powder-Bed Fusion

The finite-element （FE） model and the Rosenthal equation are used to study the thermal and microstructural phenomena in the laser powder-bed fusion of lnconel 718. A primary aim is to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of the Rosenthal equation （which provides an analytical alternative to FE analysis）, and to investigate the influence of underlying assumptions on estimated results. Various physical characteristics are compared among the FE model, Rosenthal equation, and experiments. The predicted melt pool shapes compared with reported experimental results from the literature show that both the FE model and the analytical （Rosenthal） equation provide a reasonably accurate estimation. At high heat input, under conditions leading to keyholing, the reported melt width is narrower than predicted by the analytical equation. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis based on choices of the absorptivity is performed, which shows that the Rosenthal approach is more sensitive to absorptivity, compared with the FE approach. The primary reason could be the effect of radiative and convective losses, which are assumed to be negligible in the Rosenthal equation. In addition, both methods predict a columnar solidification microstructure, which agrees well with experimental reports, and the primary dendrite arm spacing （PDAS） predicted with the two approaches is comparable with measurements.

Copper and arsenic substance flow analysis of pyrometallurgical process for copper production

The metabolism of copper and arsenic in a copper pyrometallurgy process was studied through substance flow analysis method.The mass balance accounts and substance flow charts of copper and arsenic were established,indicators including direct recovery,waste recycle ratio,and resource efficiency were used to evaluate the metabolism efficiency of the system.The results showed that,the resource efficiency of copper was 97.58%,the direct recovery of copper in smelting,converting,and refining processes was 91.96%,97.13%and 99.47%,respectively.Meanwhile,for producing 1 t of copper,10 kg of arsenic was carried into the system,with the generation of 1.07 kg of arsenic in flotation tailing,8.50 kg of arsenic in arsenic waste residue,and 0.05 kg of arsenic in waste water.The distribution and transformation behaviors of arsenic in the smelting,converting,and refining processes were also analyzed,and some recommendations for improving copper resource efficiency and pollution control were proposed based on substance flow analysis.

Corrosion Behavior of TP316L of Superheater in Biomass Boiler with Simulated Atmosphere and Deposit

Corrosion behavior of TP316L was investigated with simulated atmosphere and ash deposition for the superheater in biomass boiler.Corrosion dynamic curves were plotted by mass gain.The results showed that the corrosion was dependent on temperature and was greatly accelerated by ash deposition.The mass gain was distinctly reduced in the presence of SO2 with and without ash deposition on the specimens.Corrosion rates with ash deposit at different temperatures were calculated.Two feasible methods were provided to avoid serious high-temperature corrosion in the biomass boiler.

Thermal Decomposition and Kinetics of Mixtures of Polylactic Acid and Biomass during Copyrolysis

Thermal decomposition of polylactic acid （PLA） was studied in the presence of pine wood sawdust （PS）, walnut shell （WS）, corncob （CC） in order to understand the pyrolytic behavior of these components occurring in waste. A thermogravimetric analyzer （TGA） was applied for monitoring the mass loss profiles under heating rate of 10℃·min^-1. Results obtained from this comprehensive investigation indicated that PLA was decomposed in the temperature range 300 -372℃, whereas the thermal degradation temperature of biomass is 183-462℃. The difference of mass loss （AW） between experimental and theoretical ones, calculated as algebraic sums of those from each separated component, is about 17%-46% at 300-400℃. These experimental results indicated a significant synergistic effect during PLA and biomass copyrolysis. Moreover, a kinetic analysis was performed to fit thermogravimetric data, the global processes being considered as one to two consecutive reactions. A reasonable fit to the experimental data was obtained for all materials and their blends.

Chemical Behavior of Cadmium in Purple Soil as Affected by Surfactants and EDTA

A soil batch experiment was conducted to investigate both separate and compound effects of three types of surfactants: anionic dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid sodiumsalt (DBSS), cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and non-ionic nonyl phenol polyethyleneoxy ether (TX-100), as well as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) on cadmium solubility, sorption kinetics, and sorption-desorption behavior in purple soil. The results indicated that both individual application of the three types of surfactants and surfactants combined with EDTA could stimulate Cd extraction from the soil with a general effectiveness ranking of EDTA/TX-100 > EDTA/DBSS > EDTA/CTAB > EDTA > TX-100 > DBSS > CTAB. Further study showed that the compound application of surfactants and EDTA had stronger (P < 0.05) effects on Cd solubility than those added individually. The application of surfactants and EDTA to purple soil (P < 0.05) decreased the proportion of Cd sorbed, while their effectiveness ranking was similar to that of enhanced solubilization. The sorption kinetics of Cd in purple soil was best described by the double-constant equation, while the Freundlich equation gave an excellent fit to the sorption isotherm curves. Therefore, surfactant-enhanced remediation of Cd contaminated soil is feasible and further research should be conducted.

Comparative Study on the Pyrolysis Behaviors of Corn Stalk and Pine Sawdust Using TG-MS

The pyrolysis behaviors of corn stalk(CS) and pine sawdust(PS) were investigated with thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy(TG-MS).The peak temperature of PS was higher and the main decomposition region shifted to higher temperature compared with CS,which implied that the hemicellulose and cellulose of PS were more thermally stable than those of CS.However,the hemicellulose and cellulose of PS were more easily decomposed into gaseous products than those of CS during pyrolysis.The pyrolysis process of biomass can be described by a two-step independent first-order kinetic model.This fundamental study provides a basic insight into the biomass pyrolysis,which is beneficial for understanding the pyrolysis mechanism of biomass and developing an advanced thermal process for effective utilization of biomass.

Thermodynamic behaviors of Cu in interaction with chlorine, sulfur, phosphorus and minerals during sewage sludge co-incineration

Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations were performed to reveal effects of interactions among Cl, S, P and other minerals on Cu migration. Our results showed that HCl（g）, SO2（g） and （P2O5）2（g） were released from the sewage sludge co-incineration. Cl was found to weaken adsorption of Cu by Al2O3, CaO and Fe2O3, while S de- layed reactions of Fe2O3 and Al2O3 with Cu, with P having no effect on reactions between the minerals and Cu. Among the coupled systems ofCl, S and P, the co-existences of Cl and S, and Cl, S and P were determined to inhibit Cu volatilization, and the co-existence of Cl and P had an enhancing effect Cu migration was affected only by S in the S and P system. With the SiO2, CaO and Al2O3 system, both Cl alone and Cl and P led to failed reactions be- tween the minerals and Cu. In the systems of S, S and Cl, S and P, and S, Cl and P, the migration behavior of Cu was mainly affected by S at low temperatures and by Cl at high temperatures, whereas P had no effect on Cu mi- gration during the entire nrocess.