豚鼠小肠绒毛内对脂褐质类物质排泄的观察

目的 :为进一步确定小肠是否具有排泄功能。方法 :取豚鼠小肠做HE染色、PAS染色、尼罗蓝染色和Schmorl氏铁氰化钾染色 ,进行光镜观察。结果 :现在小肠绒毛顶端的结缔组织内及上皮内 ,可见HE染色呈黄褐的颗粒性物质 ,这些颗粒多为吞噬状态 ,脂褐质特异性染色呈阳性反应。结论

栽培食(药)用菌胞外酶活性及物质变化研究进展

对食(药)用菌生长周期中木质素酶系(漆酶和锰过氧化物酶)、纤维素酶系(纤维素酶、滤纸酶和半纤维素酶)和蛋白酶活性变化规律进行了研究,了解了食(药)用菌生长周期中基质中物质(还原糖、水溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸和生物量)含量的变化规律,阐述了食(药)用菌生长周期内生物量与胞外酶活性和基质中物质含量变化规律的相关性,对食(药)用菌未来几年的研究前景作了展望,以期为深入研究食(药)用菌胞外酶活性变化规律和基质中物质变化规律研究提供参考。

气-质色谱法测定发酵猪肉风味物质的研究

采用固相微萃取(SPME)提取发酵猪肉的风味成分,通过气相-质谱联用法(GC-MS)对发酵猪肉中挥发性成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明:发酵猪肉制品中共鉴定出41种物质,其中主要风味物质有醛、醇、酯、酸、酮等。

豚鼠小肠绒毛内脂褐质类物质的性质及可能的生理意义

为确定小肠在机体衰老生理方面的意义，我们曾对豚鼠小肠绒毛内所见到的一种颗粒性物质进行过初步观察，并获得了一些有益的启示。为进一步确定存在于豚鼠小肠绒毛顶端的这些颗粒物的性质，我们借助荧光显微镜和电镜，对其做了进一步的观察。

法医毒物领域生物基质标准物质的研究进展

生物基质标准物质是一类目标物与生物基质相结合的标准物质。生物基质标准物质与法医毒物领域所涉及的真实检材具有更高的一致性,其应用对提升检测结果的精确度具有积极作用。本文针对法医毒物领域常见的3种生物检材(血液、尿液和头发)对应的基质标准物质的研究进行综合阐述,重点介绍相应生物基质标准物质的制备工艺研究进展和部分现有产品及其参数评价,以期为法医毒物领域生物基质标准物质的研制及应用提供参考。

共振光谱技术在分析空间非均质物质上的应用(英文)

This paper demonstrates three vibrational spectroscopic techniques and their applications in characterization of spatially heterogamous materials, namely step-scan phase modulation FTIR photoacoustic spectroscopy (S2MPAS), visible (confocal) Raman microscopy (CRM) and FT-IR imaging. In addition, the applications of Raman spectroscopy in nanomaterials studies are also briefly discussed.

急性心肌梗死患者血浆的脂质代谢特征与潜在生物标志物研究

目的比较急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者与冠脉正常者的血浆脂质代谢物差异,深入了解AMI的病生理机制;寻找AMI可能的新型生物标志物。方法纳入于2019年9月20日至2020年1月20日在天津医科大学总医院心血管内科行冠状动脉造影检查的受试者,根据冠脉造影结果分为心梗组(32例),同时设置年龄、性别与之匹配的对照组(32例)。利用代谢组学对心梗组血样进行非靶向脂质组学分析,了解AMI患者脂质代谢的变化,比较两组之间脂质代谢物的差异,使用单变量和多变量统计分析寻找有意义的差异代谢物,并采用受试者工作曲线评价差异代谢物的诊断效能,探讨AMI患者受干扰的代谢途径。结果(1)正交偏最小二乘法模型及聚类热图表明心梗组与对照组之间存在明显的分离趋势,多变量统计分析共鉴定出28个差异血浆脂质代谢物,在心梗组16个脂质分子的浓度显著升高,而12个浓度显著降低;(2)包括甘油二酯(diglyceride,DG)和磷脂酰丝氨酸(phosphatidyl serine,PS)在内的10个脂质代谢分子与AMI的风险增加相关;包括磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、甘油三酯在内的13个阴性预测因子与AMI的风险降低相关。(3)采用受试者工作曲线鉴定出2个AMI可能的生物标志物PS(27∶0)和DG(16∶0/18∶1),其曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为0.976和0.807;(4)AMI患者受干扰的代谢途径,包括甘油磷脂代谢、鞘脂、嘌呤和嘧啶代谢,其中以甘油磷脂代谢紊乱最明显。结论AMI患者的脂质代谢特征显著改变,共鉴定出28个差异性脂质代谢分子,其中甘油磷脂代谢途径紊乱最显著;确定PS(27∶0)和DG(16∶0/18∶1)为诊断AMI潜在的生物标志物。

论生产力系统质态的相变

在自然界中,均质物质系统的质态会随着某些参量的变化而发生突变,这就是相变。例如,随着温度的升高,固体的冰可以变为液体的水以至气体的水蒸汽。 人类社会是自然界中有序度极高的组织,它的发展变化同人所特有的物质生产力的发展相关联。以往,我们仅把生产力看作人类征服和改造自然的能力,而最新的研究成果表明,

放射性同位素质控物质自动切换关键技术研究

为了解决表面污染仪检测过程的工作效率低和不利于辐射安全防护的问题,文章从检测实际出发,设计了一种放射性同位素质控物质自动切换装置,并对放射性同位素质控物质自动切换关键技术进行研究.对步进电机驱动进行了设计,实现了同位素质控物质的切换定位,并对其切换的速度进行了控制.文章的研究可以提升表面污染仪检测过程的工作效率,并且也解决了辐射安全防护的问题,为计量检测部门以及相关机构开展表面污染仪质检提供了技术保障.

Techno-economic and Environmental Assessments of SAF from Bioamss:An Review

This review presents a comprehensive techno-economic and life-cycle assessment of sustainable aviation fuel(SAF)production from biomass.The critical need for transitioning towards environmentally sustainable alternatives for liquid fuel and aviation industry is first discussed.Key insights encompass the evolutionary progression of biofuel production from first-generation to second-generation biofuels,with a focus on utilizing non-food sources like woody biomass for enhanced sustainability.Available data from the literature on techno-economic assessments of various SAF production pathways are analyzed including production costs,conversion efficiency,and scalability.Moreover,results of lifecycle assessments associated with different SAF production pathways are presented,providing essential insights for decision-making processes.The challenges of scaling up woody biomass-based SAF production are discussed based on the assessment results,and recommendations are proposed to steer stakeholders towards a greener and more sustainable trajectory for aviation operations.

Extraction Condition Optimization and Identification of Phenols from Lonicerae flos

Polyphenols were obtained from the natural dried Lonicerae flos by ultrasound-assisted extraction with ethanol as the solvent.Single factor experiment and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the extraction conditions.Ultra-performance liquid chromatrography(UPLC)-tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS)was employed to identify polyphenols based on the plant widely targeted metabolomics database in a qualitative and quantitative manner.The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for total phenols from Lonicerae flos were ultrasound-assisted extraction with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 10∶1 g/mL and 57%ethanol at 70 W and 60°C for 11 min.The yield of total phenols extracted under the optimal conditions reached 71.08 mg/g.The phenols in Lonicerae flos were mainly chlorogenic acid isomers,and the flavonoids were mainly nobiletin,galuteolin,and homoarbutin.

Effect of Different Flue-curing Techniques on the Taste and Aroma Substances of Tobacco Leaves

[Objective]This study aimed to optimize the conditions for curing tobacco leaf, so as to improve its flavor and quality. [Method] Leaves of Yuanyan 87 were col ected and cured by three different techniques （moderate-intensity conditions throughout the curing course; high-intensity conditions at leaf yel owing and wilting stages, moderate-intensity conditions at leaf drying and vein drying stages; high-in-tensity conditions throughout the curing course）, and then the contents of 48 aroma substances and taste indices of the finished tobacco leaves were measured. [Result] The contents of 28 aroma substances in the tobacco leaves cured under high-inten-sity conditions throughout the course were higher and the taste indices of these to-bacco leaves were better, compared with those flue-cured by the other two tech-niques. The contents of the other 20 aroma substances were not significantly af-fected by the curing techniques. The second best technique was high-intensity con-ditions at leaf yel owing and wilting stages and moderate-intensity conditions at leaf drying and vein drying stages. Curing tobacco leaves at moderate-intensity condi-tions throughout the course was the worst one. [Conclusion] Compared with the oth-er two methods, the contents of aroma substances and taste indices of the tobacco leaves cured under high-intensive conditions throughout the course were the best.

Effects of Biochar on Tobacco-planting Soil Improvement and Tobacco Quality in Mudanjiang Area

This study was conducted to study the feasibility of biochar in soil im- provement and tobacco quality. The black soil in NinganCountry of Mudanjiang was used as the material in this study, and the effects of biochar on tobacco-planting soil C/N, soil microorganisms, the development of tobacco, and chemical compo- nents and neutral aroma components in flue-cured tobacco werestudied. The results showed that the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 could increase soil C/N by 31.79%, and the quantity of actinomycetes in the soil was 3.8 times as much as that in control. The growth wasobviously better after biochar application, plant height and effective leaf number were significantly higher than those ofcontrol, but total sugar and nicotine were not significantly different. The application of biochar at a rate of 1 200 kg/hm2 increased the potassium content by 11%, the application of biochar at a rate of 2 400 kg/hm2 improved total sugar content by 5.40%, and the application of biochar at a rate of 1 800 kg/hm2 made the tobacco solanone content 1.97 times as that of control. Comprehensive studies showed that the application of biochar 1 200-1 800 kg/hm2 could improvesoilenvironment, and promote tobacco growth and quality.

Research on Geographical Indications and Cultural Heritage of Famous Tea in Hubei

In the study, analysis was made on present situation and development measures of geographical indications and cultural heritage protection of famous teas in Hubei Province. In addition, 8 related suggestions were proposed as well.

Research status of carbonaceous matter in carbonaceous gold ores and bio-oxidation pretreatment

Carbonaceous gold mines are important refractory gold ores. The previous results demonstrate that the carbonaceous matter is mainly composed of elemental carbon, organic acid and hydrocarbons. The dissolved aurocyanide complex is robbed by adsorption of carbonaceous matter, which is similar to activated carbon in cyanide leaching of gold. The pretreatment methods of carbonaceous gold ores were introduced, including high temperature roasting, bio-oxidation, chemical oxidation, competitive adsorption, barrier inhibition and microwave roasting. Recently, bio-oxidation was developed rapidly due to its advantages such as mild conditions, simple processes, low energy consumption and friendly environment. The known microorganisms related with bio-oxidation pretreatment mainly are chemolithotroph bacteria such as Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. The researches on decomposing and passivating carbonaceous matter were commenced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pseudomonadaceae and Streptomyces setonii. Finally, the main problems were analyzed and the application prospect of this technique was looked forward.

Differences of Polyphenols Content in Anxi TieGuanYin Tea among Different Seasons and Relationship between Polyphenols and Tea Quality

[Objective] We aimed to investigate the differences of polyphenols content in Anxi Tieguanyin tea among different seasons and relationship between polyphenols and tea quality.[Method] The content of total polyphenols and main phenolic compounds was analyzed by spectrophotometry and HPLC and the sensory quality assessment was carried out.[Result] There were significant differences in the content of polyphenols in Anxi Tieguanyin tea among different seasons.The summer tea had a higher content of polyphenols and ester type catechins and a heavier undesirable taste with more bitterness and astringency than spring tea and autumn tea with lower quality in general.The flavonol content of spring and autumn tea was significantly higher and the color of tea soup was better.[Conclusion] This study provided a basis for the quality improvement of summer tea by regulating the content of total polyphenols and provided a basic data for chemical analysis of Oolong tea.

Production of Mixed Alcohols from Bio-syngas over Mo-based Catalyst

A series of Mo-based catalysts prepared by sol-gel method using citric acid as complexant were successfully applied in the high efficient production of mixed alcohols from bio-syngas, derived from the biomass gasification. The Cu1Co1Fe1MO1Zn0.5-6%K catalyst exhibited a higher activity on the space-time yield of mixed alcohols, compared with the other Mobased catalysts. The carbon conversion significantly increases with rising temperature below 340 ℃, but the alcohol selectivity has an opposite trend. The maximum mixed alcohols yield derived from biomass gasification is 494.8 g/（kg catal·h） with the C2＋ （C2-C6 higher alcohols） alcohols of 80.4% under the tested conditions. The alcohol distributions are consistent with the Schulz-Flory plots, except methanol. In the alcohols products, the C2＋ alcohols （higher alcohols） dominate with a weight ratio of 70%-85%. The Mo-based cata- lysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and N2 adsorption/desorption. The clean bio-fules of mixed alcohols derived from bio-syngas with higher octane values could be used as transportation fuels or petrol additives.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Coral Sand in the Nansha Islands

Coral sand is a unique material developed in the tropical ocean environment, which is mainly composed of coral and other marine organism debris, with the CaCO3 content up to 96 %. It has special physical and mechanical properties due to its composition, structure and sedimentary environment. In this contribution, we discuss its specific gravity, porosity ratio compressibility, crushing, shearing and intensity for coral sand samples from the Nansha islands based on laboratory mechanical tests. Our results show distinct high porosity ratio, high friction angle and low intensity as compared with the quartz sand. We believe that grain crushing is the main factor that influences the deformation and strength of coral sand. Comprehensive study on the physical and mechanical properties of coral sands is significant in providing reliable scientific parameters to construction on coral islet, and thus avoids accidents in construction.