索绪尔语言符号任意性及其挑战

索绪尔提出的语言符号的根本属性--任意性在21世纪前后备受挑战。这些挑战主要通过特例词(例如拟声词、感叹词、复合词、派生词)、象似性以及任意性本身理论的不完整性提出质疑和批判。有些质疑和批判有的含连城之价,对任意性具有解释和补充的价值,但有些也略有偏颇之处。对索绪尔定义的理解偏离原意以及未从索绪尔所在的时代背景和认知语境出发理解其话语是一些质疑的问题所在。另外索绪尔后来提出的语言符号相对任意性也是造成后来者们疑惑的原因之一。

A case study of Chinese double-character vocabularies in modem China--Taking the completive pattern of ＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂ as an example

This paper focuses on the research on the vocabularies in the modem Chinese monograph with the division of history into periods and the special classes of the ancient codes and records. ＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂ is China＇s first encyclopedia on the production technologies of the agricultural and handicraft industries, published in 1637, with the contents covering many fields of the social production. It can fully reflect the terminologies of various industries in the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty and the real situation of the language at that time, which has a very high value of the linguistic research. The article extracts 5573 double-character compound words from the whole book, and uses the method of the quantitative analysis and the qualitative analysis to study the vocabularies of the whole book. Limited by the length of the text, the article carries out the investigation and analysis with the supplementary double-character words as the examples.