华北平原土壤剖面质地构型对小麦产量的影响研究

华北平原是一个河流冲积而成的平原,土壤剖面层次质地分异明显,土壤剖面在垂直方向上的质地层次不同排列影响作物产量,目前在这方面的研究甚少。本文基于河南省封丘县152个土壤剖面层次的颗粒组成和121个田块的连续两年小麦测产结果,应用模糊c-均值算法模型和地统计学模型,研究了土壤剖面质地构型与小麦产量间的定量关系。结果表明:研究区主要分布了8种土壤剖面质地构型,它们对应的小麦生产力水平差异较大。8种类型中,砂–砂–砂型小麦生产力水平最低,对应的分布区是小麦的主要低产区,土壤剖面全砂性质地是导致小麦低产的一个关键因素,原因是砂性土壤不利于保水保肥,而且砂性土壤本身所含土壤养分很低。壤–黏–壤、壤–黏–黏构型是肥力条件较好的土壤,传统上称这种土壤为"蒙金地",小麦单产较高且稳定,是建设高产田的基础。砂–壤–壤、壤–壤–壤、壤–壤–黏构型是肥力条件最好的土壤,其小麦生产力水平最高。将小麦单产进行分级后研究发现,土壤剖面质地构型对<7 050 kg/hm2的中低小麦产量会产生影响,但对>7 050 kg/hm2的小麦高产影响不大。

模糊集理论在土壤剖面质地构型中的应用——以河南省封丘冲积平原区土壤为例

封丘县是典型的黄河中下游冲积平原区,不同层次土壤质地类型、厚度及其在剖面中的组合,是影响土壤水肥贮存与供给能力的重要因素。本研究通过39个土壤剖面和113个土钻样点的野外调查获取第一手资料。根据层次质地类型与其在剖面中出现位置两个基本特征定义特征质地层,在研究区最终确立了9种特征质地层。以特征质地层在已观测土壤剖面和土钻样本中出现缺失特征以及厚度参数为基础数据,应用模糊c-均值算法模型,研究区观测土壤被自动划分为9种特征质地层组合类别,亦称为土壤剖面质地构型。结合普通克里格空间预测方法,实现了9种土壤剖面质地构型在空间上分布的单一类别隶属度图和去模糊化图。剖面不同质地层次在垂直方向的组合特征以及不同土壤剖面质地构型在水平方向上的分布规律,为区域耕地质量评价、生产潜力评估以及改良、利用实践提供了更加客观、丰富的基础信息。

Productivity of coalbed methane wells in southern of Qinshui Basin

Based on regional CBM geological characteristics and drainage data of three typical Coalbed Methane(CBM) wells in the southern Qinshui Basin,history matching,productivity prediction and factor analysis of gas production control are conducted by using COMET3 reservoir modeling software.The results show that in the next 20 years,the cumulative and average daily gas production of the QN01 well are expected to be 800×104 m3 and 1141.1 m3/d,for the QN02 well 878×104 m3 and 1202.7 m3/d and 97.5×104 m3 and 133.55 m3/d for the QN03 well.Gas content and reservoir pressure are the key factors controlling gas production in the area;coal thickness,permeability and porosity are less important;the Langmuir volume,Langmuir pressure and adsorption time have relatively small effect.In the process of CBM recovery,the material source and driving force are the key features affecting gas productivity,while the permeation process is relatively important and the desorption process has some impact on gas recovery.

Genesis of Low-Resistivity Oil layers from Cretaceous System in Luxi Area and Its Geological Significance

Genesis of low resistivity oil layers from cretaceous system in Luxi area was studied. The result shows that the resistivity of oil layers is lower than that of water layers from Tugulu Group(K 1tg),Cretaceous in Luliang area,Zhungeer basin, resulting in a disaccordance with logging interpretation on oil layers,oil water layers and water layers?The research on the petro texture of reservoirs also shows that the watered clay pellicle (I/S, I, ch) is well developed in K 1tg expands the section of conductive net and results in a low resistivity of oil layers.

Analysis of geological conditions and thermal reservoir characteristics of Guantao Formation in new coastal region

Geothermal resources is one of the most practical and competitive new energy at present,and there is abundant geothermal resources in the new coastal region.The article get the three following conclusion through the geothermal geological condition by the drilling strata and the condition of the reducing test:stratigraphic division is done by the analysis of formation lithology and the drilling aging;the water yield is higher than 100m3/h,the flow temperature is 67℃--71℃;the average geothermal gradient of the overlying strata is 3.08℃--3.33℃/100 m.

Engineering geological conditions and features of geologic hazards in Wudongde reservoir of Jinshajiang River valley

There is a great difference between the distribution and evolvement characteristics of slope geological hazard in the same geographical location and climatic conditions,taking the similar structural-genetic connection in Wudongde reservoir area of Jinshajiang River valley for example. In all engineering geological conditions,the chronologic age and attitude of strata,and the lithologic association factors control the distributions and evolvement characteristics of slope geological hazard in the studied area. The study shows that the slopes in geological evolution are in different stages. The conclusion helps to understand the types and the intensity of geological disasters.

Site Earthquake Characteristics and Dynamic Parameter Test of Phase Ⅲ Qinshan Nuclear Power Engineering

The earthquake characteristics and geological structure of the site to sitting the Qinshan Nuclear Power Station are closely related. According to site investigation drilling, sampling, seismic sound logging wave test in single-hole and cross-hole, laboratory wave velocity test of intact rock, together with analysis of the site geological conditions, the seismic wave test results of the site between strata lithology and the geologic structure were studied. The relationships of seismic waves with the site lithology and the geologic structure were set up. The dynamic parameters of different grades of weathering profile were deduced. The results assist the seismic design of Phase Ⅲ Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, China.