基于气象资料变化特征和辐射传输模式的微波辐射计工作状态分析

提出利用晴天每天早晨08时的观测资料,以大气温度季节变化统计特征为依据,来判断微波辐射计观测期间的工作状态。简要介绍了大气微波辐射传输方程,以南京冬春季节大气温度变化的统计特征为依据,以2010年11月27日—2011年5月29日期间南京某辐射计08时晴天的实验观测资料为例,通过对其12个通道的亮温观测值和计算值进行统计对比和物理分析,给出该辐射计实验观测期间的工作状态判断,认为用于湿度遥感的22.235、23.035、23.835、26.235和30.000GHz五个通道观测期间工作状态良好、稳定,而用于温度遥感的51.25、52.28、53.85、54.94、56.66、57.29和58.80 GHz七个通道性能一直衰退。本文提出的方法可供微波辐射计工作状态监测和观测资料质量控制参考。

基于生产资料特征分析的气井分类方法

科学有效的气井分类有利于厘清气井生产状况、掌握其生产特征,从而有针对性地制定单井精细管理策略。为进一步指导气井管理策略的实施并提升分类工作的时效性,从气井的生产状况评价及管理策略制定出发,以大量的现场气井生产数据为基础,引入LDA算法(Linear Discriminant Analysis,线性判别分析),建立了基于生产资料分析的气井分类方法。该方法以排液能力和产液强度两个分类项目对气井类型进行描述,并以易获取的生产数据为基础,分析其特征提出了两个分类项目各自的评价指标,建立了气井分类特征指标体系;基于大量现场气井生产资料及管理经验,构建了带有先验性分类结果的气井分析样本集;引入LDA算法对分析样本数据进行挖掘和处理,实现了对分析样本原始高维数据的降维处理并获得了分析样本在新的低维子空间的分布;最终基于不同类型的分析样本在低维子空间中的分布特征确定了气井分类界限,完成了基于生产资料分析的气井多指标分类。选取分析样本外的20个评估样本实施分类以检验分类方法的性能,获得的分类结果均符合现场实践认识。该方法能够基于对现场生产资料的分析挖掘,实现即时高效的气井分类,同时为制定气井管理策略提供更具针对性的指导,为气井分类提供了一种新思路,对气井的分类研究工作具有一定的指导意义。

琼东南盆地深水绕射多次波地震资料特征与衰减方法

琼东南盆地是一个比较典型的深水含油气盆地,其中央凹陷深水区具有海底崎岖多变、浅部欠压实地层发育、广泛分布残洼隆起等地质地震特征,这些因素使得地震资料多次波异常发育,绕射多次波更较其他区域复杂。常规的衰减方法,诸如Radon、SRME等方法衰减绕射多次波困难。然而这些绕射多次波常常与中深层烃源岩、裂隙垂向运移通道等地震资料叠合在一起,对地质研究工作产生困难。本文从该区域深水绕射多次波形成的机理原因开展研究,根据绕射多次波的类型特征,提出两种不同的绕射多次波概念;针对“地层相关”“构造相关”的绕射多次波,提出基于分频处理精细衰减和线性多次波衰减为核心的绕射多次波衰减方法(RDMA),结合深水常用的多次波衰减方法,形成针对性绕射多次波衰减流程。地震资料实际处理结果表明,本文提出的深水绕射多次波衰减方法效果较好。

湖北省“8.30”强雷雨天气闪电预报特征分析

利用湖北省闪电定位资料、多普勒天气雷达以及气象卫星的观测资料,从环流背景、系统形成机理、雷达反射率、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量和云图特征等方面,对湖北省2014年8月30—31日的一次强雷雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明,在中尺度对流云团的影响下产生雷雨天气,雷雨天气过程发生时间及区域与雷达强回波形成时间和位置相吻合。当区域回波强度大部分在40 d BZ以上,最大达到45d BZ;回波顶高大部分在9 km以上,最大达到17 km;K指数≥36和垂直液态水含量大部分在6 kg/m2以上,最大达到20 kg/m2时,对强对流天气的雷电预报有明确的指示作用。

D-二聚体对晚期宫颈癌患者生存率的预测价值

探究D-二聚体对晚期宫颈癌患者生存预后的预测价值,为尽早对晚期宫颈癌患者进行干预、提高晚期宫颈癌患者的预后提供新的指导方向。方法 本研究回顾性收集2011年1月1日至2021年12月31日广西医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治的217例ⅡB~ⅣB期晚期宫颈癌患者的临床资料特征,分析其临床资料特征与患者预后相关的因素。结果 217例晚期宫颈癌中D-二聚体高水平组117例(53.9%)、D-二聚体低水平组100例(46.1%)。两组在FIGO分期、病理类型、CA125水平、SCC水平、白蛋白水平、NLR、PLR、LMR以及SII均具有显著的统计学差异(均P<0.05)。多因素COX回归分析显示D-二聚体是影响患者预后的独立因素(P=0.013)。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示D-二聚体水平和晚期宫颈癌患者的预后显著相关(HR=3.694,95%CI:2.296-5.944,P<0.001)。结论 FIGO分期、病理类型、CA125水平、SCC水平、白蛋白水平、NLR、PLR、LMR以及SII是影响晚期宫颈癌患者预后的因素,D-二聚体是晚期宫颈癌患者预后的独立影响因素。

油管漏失与泵漏失的异同分析

泵漏与管漏是现场最易混淆的两种漏失故障。文章总结出六项基础资料的变化特点,为抽油井故障的分析与判断工作提供参考。

2013年山西5次典型强对流天气分析

为了更好地为农业生产预防冰雹、减少灾害损失提供有效的气象预报服务,利用多种气象观测资料,对2013年5次典型强对流天气进行了综合分析。结果表明:(1)冰雹发生在高能、高湿以及较强抬升条件的有利天气背景下,大尺度强迫抬升、低层中尺度露点锋和地面辐合线是强对流天气的重要触发机制。(2)冰雹极易发生在午后,SI明显减小,Ki指数、500 h Pa与850 h Pa温差以及CAPE明显增大,同时垂直风切变较大、0℃和-20℃层高度分别在600 h Pa和400 h Pa左右的情况下,湿度条件较好时会伴随短时强降水天气,强气流控制下常伴随雷暴大风。(3)冰雹常出现在对流云团成熟时、TBB等值线梯度最大值东南侧,且组合反射率因子强度>55 d BZ的对流单体内。(4)地面温度异常变化、气压梯度较大、风向顺时针旋转及风速极值同时出现,可视为强对流天气发生前的一种信号。

Characteristics of Rainfall Erosivity Based on Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Data in Tibet, China

Rainfall erosivity in Tibet from 2000 to 2OlO was estimated based on simplified erosion prediction model using daily rainfall data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Misssion （TRMM） 3B42 rainfall measurement algorithm. Semi- monthly erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity were validated using weather station data. The spatial distribution of annual rainfall erosivity as well as its seasonal and annual variation in Tibet was also examined. Results showed that TRMM 3B42 data could serve as an alternative data source to estimate rainfall erosivity in the area where only data from sparsely distributed weather stations are available. The spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity in Tibet generally resembles the distribution of multi-year average of annual rainfall. Annual rainfall erosivity in Tibet decreased from the southeast to the northwest. The concentration degree of rainfall erosivity shows an increasing trend from the southeast to the northwest. High rainfall erosivity accompanies low rainfall erosivity concentration degree and vice versa. Rainfall erosivity increased in the middle and western Tibet and decreased in the southeastern Tibet during the 11 years of this study.

录井水淹层评价技术用于朝阳沟油田低渗透油层的射孔选层

朝阳沟油田属大庆外围低渗透油藏,经过几十年注水开发,含水逐渐升高,油水关系复杂,储集层剩余油挖潜难度日趋增大。在应用岩石热解、热解气相色谱、荧光显微图像解释评价水淹程度的基础上,通过归纳近两年来朝阳沟油田所钻的两口密闭取心井资料以及其他投产井资料,总结低渗透油层剩余油的录井资料特征,可以较准确地认定低渗透储集层剩余油富集部位,较好地判断储集层剩余油分布情况及潜力,进而建立朝阳沟油田剩余油射孔选层依据为:1剩余油饱和度应该大于37%的油层;2热解气相色谱主峰碳响应值大于1.2mV,且解释为中水淹以下的油层;3厚度一般大于1.5m的油层。实践证明,该方法在朝阳沟油田低渗透油藏开发应用中取得了较好的效果。

Prognositic factors and clinicopathologic characteristics of small gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach:a retrospective analysis of 31 cases in one center

Objective： To analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of small gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST） of the stomach. Methods： A total of 31 small gastric GIST patients, including 10 males and 21 females, with a median age of 58 years （37- 81 years）, who underwent surgery at any time from 1999 to 2012 were included in this study. The clinical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results： Abdominal discomfort and pain （10 cases, 32.3%, respectively） were the two most common complaints among the patients. All patients received surgery, 11 received gastric wedge resection, 11 received subtotal gastrectom）5 5 received laparoscopic gastric wedge resection, and 4 received endoscopic submucosal dissection. No severe adverse complication was observed. A total of 29 patients （93.5%） were followed up. During the follow-up, 2 patients were found to exhibit tumor recurrence, and 1 patient had liver metastases. One patient died of tumor progressionwhile another died of another malignant tumor. Median progression free survival （PFS） time was 120.3 months, and median overall survival （OS） time was 130.4 months. Conclusion： Small gastric GIST has better prognosis. Surgery is the best choice for therapy. Micro-invasive procedures are safe and effective for elective patients. Tumor necrosis, tumor bleeding, and muscle invasion are potential prognostic factors of small gastric GIST.

Hepatic angiomyolipoma: Dynamic computed tomography features and clinical correlation

AIM: To study the dynamic computed tomography (CT) features of hepatic angiomyolipoma (AML) in patients with or without tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).METHODS: The clinical information, CT fi ndings and histopathological results of hepatic AML were analyzed retrospectively in 10 patients.RESULTS: Hepatic AML was prone to occur in female patients (7/10), and most of the patients (8/10) had no specific symptoms. All tumors presented as well-def ined, unenveloped nodules in the liver. Six patients with sporadic hepatic AML had a solitary hepatic nodule with a definite fat component. Non-fat components of the hepatic lesions were enhanced earlier and persistently. Prominent central vessels were noted in the portal venous phase in three patients. In four patients with hepatic AML and TSC, most of the nodules were within the peripheral liver. Seven fat-deficient nodules were found with earlier contrast enhancement and rapid contrast material washout in two patients. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis was found in one patient.CONCLUSION: Imaging features of hepatic AML are characteristic. Correct diagnosis preoperatively can be made in combination with clinical features.

牛圈湖油田试井资料特征评价

文章整理了牛圈湖"三低"油藏71口开发井的试井资料,分析了试井资料的特征,揭示了其反映的油藏信息,指出了资料解释中存在的主要问题,提出了改善试井工作和油田开发方面的建议。

SPATIO-TEMPORAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF EXTREMELY HEAVY PRECIPITATION FREQUENCY OVER SOUTH CHINA IN THE LAST 50 YEARS

This paper comprehensively studies the spatio-temporal characteristics of the frequency of extremely heavy precipitation events over South China by using the daily precipitation data of 110 stations during 1961 to 2008 and the extremely heavy precipitation thresholds determined for different stations by REOF, trend coefficients, linear trend, Mann-Kendall test and variance analysis. The results are shown as follows. The frequency distribution of extremely heavy precipitation is high in the middle of South China and low in the Guangdong coast and western Guangxi. There are three spatial distribution types of extremely heavy precipitation in South China. The consistent anomaly distribution is the main type. Distribution reversed between the east and the west and between the south and the north is also an important type. Extremely heavy precipitation events in South China mainly occurred in the summer-half of the year. Their frequency during this time accounts for 83.7% of the total frequency. In the 1960 s and 1980 s, extremely heavy precipitation events were less frequent while having an increasing trend from the late 1980 s. Their climatological tendency rates decrease in the central and rise in the other areas of South China, and on average the mean series also shows an upward but insignificant trend at all of the stations. South China's frequency of extremely heavy precipitation events can be divided into six major areas and each of them shows a different inter-annual trend and three of the representative stations experience abrupt changes by showing remarkable increases in terms of Mann-Kendall tests.

Study on the Characteristics of Seismic Activity in the Interior of the Ordos Block

The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of earthquakes in the Ordos block are studied by using historical earthquake data,instrument data of the regional seismic network around the Ordos block and the historical felt earthquake data,and the relationship between seismicity in the Ordos block and seismicity around the Ordos block is discussed. The result shows that the Ordos block is a typical moderate-strong earthquake active region where many M_S≥5.0 destructive earthquakes have occurred. The temporal and spatial distribution of earthquakes in the Ordos block is asymmetrical. The temporal distribution of earthquakes shows a periodic characteristic and the activity of earthquakes in the southeastern Ordos block is higher than in the northwest Ordos block. The M_S≥5.0 moderate size earthquakes in the Ordos block are controlled by the M_S≥6.0 earthquake around the Ordos block.

Prognostic factors of gastric cancer tumours of less than 2 cm in diameter

Objective:The aim of our study was to identify clinicopathological characteristics as predictive factors for gastric cancer tumours of less than 2 cm in diameter.Methods:The clinicopathological features of 129 patients with gastric cancer tumour of less than 2 cm in diameter were reviewed retrospectively from hospital records between 1980 and 2000.The results of retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data of 58 patients with advanced cancer were compared with those of 71 patients with early cancer.Univariate and multivariate analyses of patients with gastric cancer tumours were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of clinicopathological features.Results:Lymph-node metastasis was found more frequently in the advanced cancer group than in the early cancer group.In univariate analysis,unfavorable prognostic factors included deep cancer invasion.Using Cox's proportional hazard regression model,only depth of invasion emerged as an independent statistically significant prognostic parameter associated with long-term survival.Conclusion:Depth of invasion is an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer tumours of less than 2 cm in diameter.Laparoscopic surgery should not be performed on tumours that are diagnosis in advanced stage and lymph-node involvement.We recommend laparoscopic surgery involving local resection of the stomach without lymphadenectomy for small,early gastric cancer tumours.However,the validity of this recommendation should be tested by a prospective randomized control trial in the future.

Analysis on the Characteristics and Changing Trends of Population Structure in Megalopolis : the Case of Beijing

Taking Beijing as an example and based on the census data,macro-level population statistical data and 2004~2013 marriage registration data,this paper makes a contrastive analysis on the characteristics and changing trends of local residents,migrants and temporary migrants. Relative to the local residents,the migrants generally have household registry of central districts and higher educational level and occupational layer. Temporary migrants have relatively complicated population structure but differentiate during the process of marriage matching. 'Two-place marriages'form a stable group of new permanent migrants and meanwhile imply a sizable group of latent dependent migrants. This will produce great infl uences on the general population structure and the aging process,which may also lead to some confl icts and problems. The government should be prepared with policy responses so as to promote the benign development of population diversifi cation in megalopolis.

Pilling Image Acquisition method for Complicated Texture Fabric

In order to solve the problem of complicated fabric texture interference on the pilling segmentation during the objective evaluation of fabric pilling, a new method of pilling image acquisition was proposed. Firstly, multi-direction lights were projected on the pilled fabric surface and its pilling images were captured, which mixed with invariant fabric background texture and pilling profile information modulated by the variant light projections. The captured fabric pilling images were analyzed by independent component analysis method. Using the spectrum feature analysis method, the independent components belonging to the complicated fabric background texture were separated and the pilling images are reconstructed with the left components. The experimental results showed that this method can effectively separate the pilling image from complicated fabric texture, which provides one possibility for colored fabric pilling objective evaluation.

Shear-wave Splitting in the Crust beneath Shandong and Its Adjacent Area

Based on the seismic data of near-field source from the Shandong Digital Seismic Network,this study obtained the shear-wave splitting parameters from multiple stations. The results show that dominant directions of polarizations of fast shear-waves reflect the spatial distribution characteristics of tectonic stress in this area,CHD and LIS stations show 2 dominant directions,and reveals that the crustal seismic anisotropy in the Shandong area is constrained by the regional stress background,local failure and structure.

Self-Organizing Maps in Seismic Image Segmentation

Unsupervised neural networks such as the Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps （SOM） have been widely used for searching natural clusters in multidimensional and massive data. One example where the data available for analysis can be extremely large is seismic interpretation for hydrocarbon exploration. In order to assist the interpreter in identifying characteristics of interest confined in the seismic data, the authors present a set of data attributes that can be used to train a SOM in such a way that zones of interest can be automatically identified or segmented, reducing time in the interpretation process. The authors show how to associate SOM to 2D color maps to visually identify the clustering structure of the input seismic data, and apply the proposed technique to a 2D synthetic seismic dataset of salt structures.

2005—2014年北京市房山区居民肺结核病流行病学特征分析

目的了解北京市房山区居民肺结核病的发病情况及流行特征，为有效控制肺结核病疫情，加强肺结核的防治管理提供理论依据。方法对北京市房山区2005-2014年法定传染病报告系统报告的肺结核发病病例进行描述流行病学分析。结果2005-2014年北京市房山区居民肺结核发病率为39．77／10万，男性发病率为53．31／10万，女性发病率为25．87／10万，性别间差异有统计学意义（x2=378．786，P〈0．05）。20—24岁年龄段发病率较高，发病数排在职业首位的是农民。2005-2014年肺结核的发病率呈先下降后上升趋势。结论北京市房山区青年和农民肺结核发病率较高，应加强社区、农村居民肺结核病的管理和健康教育。