在利托里奥宫（Palazzo del Littorio）竞赛参展作品提交日期三个月之后，朱赛普·特拉尼（Giuseppi Terragni）回复了一份同事路易吉·维埃蒂（Luigi Vietti）写给该团队的信。维埃蒂的信表明如果他们能够成功入选并进入下一...在利托里奥宫（Palazzo del Littorio）竞赛参展作品提交日期三个月之后，朱赛普·特拉尼（Giuseppi Terragni）回复了一份同事路易吉·维埃蒂（Luigi Vietti）写给该团队的信。维埃蒂的信表明如果他们能够成功入选并进入下一阶段，他将争取主持该设计工作。特拉尼的反应是为数不多的针对维埃蒂最近声称其对评价甚高的方案A的设计权的声明的物证材料，为我们深入研究1934年的团队决策水平提供了证据。展开更多
By applying the historical-run outputs from 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) models and the NOAA Extended Reconstructed SST V3 b dataset(ERSST), the characteristics of different types of ENSO in...By applying the historical-run outputs from 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) models and the NOAA Extended Reconstructed SST V3 b dataset(ERSST), the characteristics of different types of ENSO in the selected CMIP5 models, including cold-season-matured Eastern Pacific(C-EP) ENSO, warmseason-matured EP(W-EP) ENSO, cold-season-matured Central Pacific(C-CP) ENSO, and warm-season-matured CP(W-CP) ENSO, were examined in comparison with those in the ERSST dataset. The results showed that, in general, consistent with observations, EP ENSO events in most of the model runs were relatively much stronger than CP ENSO events, and cold-season-matured ENSO events were relatively much more frequent than warm-season-matured ENSO events for both EP and CP ENSO events. The composite amplitudes of ENSO events in most of the models were generally weaker than in observations, particularly for EP El Ni?o and CP La Ni?a. Moreover, most of the models successfully reproduced the amplitude asymmetries between El Ni?o and La Ni?a for cold-season-matured EP and CP ENSO events, exhibiting an average stronger/weaker EP El Ni?o/La Ni?a regime and a weaker/stronger CP El Ni?o/La Ni?a regime. Most of the models, however, failed to reproduce the observed regimes of stronger/weaker W-EP El Ni?o/ La Ni?a and weaker/stronger W-CP El Ni?o/La Ni?a.展开更多
The article concerns the commission that was made by the Biennale di Venezia to Stravinsky in the 50s＇ which led to the composition of the Canticum Sacrum. The discovery of the correspondence between the composer, th...The article concerns the commission that was made by the Biennale di Venezia to Stravinsky in the 50s＇ which led to the composition of the Canticum Sacrum. The discovery of the correspondence between the composer, the artistic director Alessandro Piovesan and the organizers of the Venetian Festival allows to reconstruct the events that led Stravinsky to change his initial plans for a Passion selon Saint Marc in favour of a short Canticum. The objections, which concerned above all the limited size of the piece, were repeated several times by Piovesan, but were all disregarded by Stravinsky. In the light of the eight letters deposited in the Archivio Storico delle Arti Contemporanee （ASAC） of Venice （in Appendix）, the circumstances bringing about Stravinsky＇s refusal can be fully understood. The references to recent studies by David H. Smyth, Akane Mori, and Jonathan Kramer regarding the identification of palindromic and proportional structures in the Canticum, offers further proof sustaining Stravinsky＇s declaration that to enlarge the piece would have been impossible. These events confirm the composer＇s unbending determination to undertake a new experimental stylistic direction already tried out in pieces like the Three Songs from William Shakespeare and Agon.展开更多
This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the pu...This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant groups.When comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low elevations.The highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.展开更多
文摘在利托里奥宫（Palazzo del Littorio）竞赛参展作品提交日期三个月之后，朱赛普·特拉尼（Giuseppi Terragni）回复了一份同事路易吉·维埃蒂（Luigi Vietti）写给该团队的信。维埃蒂的信表明如果他们能够成功入选并进入下一阶段，他将争取主持该设计工作。特拉尼的反应是为数不多的针对维埃蒂最近声称其对评价甚高的方案A的设计权的声明的物证材料，为我们深入研究1934年的团队决策水平提供了证据。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB950400 and 2010CB428603)
文摘By applying the historical-run outputs from 24 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) models and the NOAA Extended Reconstructed SST V3 b dataset(ERSST), the characteristics of different types of ENSO in the selected CMIP5 models, including cold-season-matured Eastern Pacific(C-EP) ENSO, warmseason-matured EP(W-EP) ENSO, cold-season-matured Central Pacific(C-CP) ENSO, and warm-season-matured CP(W-CP) ENSO, were examined in comparison with those in the ERSST dataset. The results showed that, in general, consistent with observations, EP ENSO events in most of the model runs were relatively much stronger than CP ENSO events, and cold-season-matured ENSO events were relatively much more frequent than warm-season-matured ENSO events for both EP and CP ENSO events. The composite amplitudes of ENSO events in most of the models were generally weaker than in observations, particularly for EP El Ni?o and CP La Ni?a. Moreover, most of the models successfully reproduced the amplitude asymmetries between El Ni?o and La Ni?a for cold-season-matured EP and CP ENSO events, exhibiting an average stronger/weaker EP El Ni?o/La Ni?a regime and a weaker/stronger CP El Ni?o/La Ni?a regime. Most of the models, however, failed to reproduce the observed regimes of stronger/weaker W-EP El Ni?o/ La Ni?a and weaker/stronger W-CP El Ni?o/La Ni?a.
文摘The article concerns the commission that was made by the Biennale di Venezia to Stravinsky in the 50s＇ which led to the composition of the Canticum Sacrum. The discovery of the correspondence between the composer, the artistic director Alessandro Piovesan and the organizers of the Venetian Festival allows to reconstruct the events that led Stravinsky to change his initial plans for a Passion selon Saint Marc in favour of a short Canticum. The objections, which concerned above all the limited size of the piece, were repeated several times by Piovesan, but were all disregarded by Stravinsky. In the light of the eight letters deposited in the Archivio Storico delle Arti Contemporanee （ASAC） of Venice （in Appendix）, the circumstances bringing about Stravinsky＇s refusal can be fully understood. The references to recent studies by David H. Smyth, Akane Mori, and Jonathan Kramer regarding the identification of palindromic and proportional structures in the Canticum, offers further proof sustaining Stravinsky＇s declaration that to enlarge the piece would have been impossible. These events confirm the composer＇s unbending determination to undertake a new experimental stylistic direction already tried out in pieces like the Three Songs from William Shakespeare and Agon.
基金supported by GACR 526/09/0549and partly by AV0Z60050516
文摘This study aimed to compare the distribution patterns and trends of plant parts used among different groups of medicinal plants, geographical regions,and between medicinal plants and all vascular plants.We used the published sources for elevation records of 2,331 medicinal plant species to interpolate presence between minimum and maximum elevations and estimated medicinal plant richness for each 100-m elevational band. Monte Carlo simulations were used to test whether differences in elevational distribution between different groups of medicinal plants were significant. Total number of medicinal plants as well as different groups showed unimodal relationship with elevation. The elevational distributions of medicinal plants significantly differ between regions and between medicinal plant groups.When comparing the richness of all medicinal plants to all vascular plants,Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the numbers of medicinal plants are higher than expected at low elevations.The highest richness of medicinal plants at low elevation could be possibly due to favorable environmental factors such as high temperature, rainfall,sunlight or due to higher density of human population and thus higher pressure on use of any plants in lower elevations.
