侏罗纪、白垩纪是特提斯-喜马拉雅海区演化过程中的一个极其重要的阶段,其沉积物蕴涵着新特提斯早期演变的丰富信息。通过实测浪卡子县多久乡卡东晚侏罗世—早白垩世地层剖面,结合前人的研究成果,在对剖面进行层序地层分析的基础上,识别...侏罗纪、白垩纪是特提斯-喜马拉雅海区演化过程中的一个极其重要的阶段,其沉积物蕴涵着新特提斯早期演变的丰富信息。通过实测浪卡子县多久乡卡东晚侏罗世—早白垩世地层剖面,结合前人的研究成果,在对剖面进行层序地层分析的基础上,识别出4个三级层序。特提斯-喜马拉雅海区晚侏罗世层序地层总体上表现为海退的进积序列,反映了特提斯-喜马拉雅海区持续收缩和海平面下降的过程;早白垩世层序地层总体表现为海进的退积序列,反映了特提斯洋壳的扩张阶段。早白垩世桑秀组可以分为2个层序,第一个层序为Ⅰ型层序,镜下观察表明,早白垩世桑秀组底部的砂岩为近源沉积,属滨浅海相沉积,为低水位体系域,颗粒的定向性指示该区后期受到强烈的挤压作用;中部为次深海沉积,为海侵和高水位体系域;第二个层序为Ⅱ型层序,发育陆棚边缘体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域,由陆棚、火山陆隆和浊流沉积组成。甲不拉组的砾岩属于新层序的开始,为低水位体系域。该剖面海平面相对变化曲线与同期全球海平面相对变化曲线基本一致。该区层序形成的控制因素包括构造沉降-火山活动、海平面相对变化和沉积物供应。结合锆石SHR IM P年代学研究可以确定侏罗纪/白垩纪的界线位于前人认为的维美组上部砂岩之底。展开更多
The geochemical characteristics of two sections—the Permian–Triassic boundary(PTB) Guryul Ravine section, Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir,India; and the Attargoo section, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India—hav...The geochemical characteristics of two sections—the Permian–Triassic boundary(PTB) Guryul Ravine section, Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir,India; and the Attargoo section, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India—have been studied in the context of provenance, paleo-weathering, and plate tectonic setting.These sections represent the siliciclastic sedimentary sequence from the Tethys Himalaya. The PTB siliciclastic sedimentary sequence in these regions primarily consists of sandstones and shales with variable thickness. Present studied sandstones and shales of both sections had chemical index of alteration values between 65 and 74; such values reveal low-to-moderate degree of chemical weathering. The chemical index of weathering in studied samples ranged from 71 to 94, suggesting a minor K-metasomatism effect on these samples. Plagioclase index of alteration in studied sections ranged from 68 to 92, indicating a moderate degree of weathering of plagioclase feldspars. The provenance discriminant function diagram suggests that the detritus involved in the formation of present studied siliciclastic sedimentary rocks fall in quartzose sedimentary and felsic igneous provenances. These sediments were deposited in a passive continental margin plate tectonic setting according to their location on a Si_2 O versus K_2O/Na_2 O tectonic setting diagram.展开更多
Identifying when, where, and how India and Asia collided is a prerequisite to better understand the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau. Whereas with essentially the same published paleomagnetic data, a large r...Identifying when, where, and how India and Asia collided is a prerequisite to better understand the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau. Whereas with essentially the same published paleomagnetic data, a large range of different India-Asia collision models have been proposed in the literature. Based upon the premise of a northwards-moving Indian plate during the Cretaceous times, we analyze the significant variations in relative paleolatitude produced by a nearly 90° counterclockwise(CCW)rotation of the plate itself during the Cretaceous. Interestingly, recent studies proposed a dual-collision process with a Greater India basin or post-Neo-Tethyan ocean for the India-Asia collision, mainly in the light of divergent Cretaceous paleolatitude differences of the Tethyan Himalaya between the observed values and expected ones computed from the apparent polar wander path of the Indian plate. However, we find that these varied paleolatitude differences are mainly resulted from a nearly 90° CCW rotation of a rigid/quasi-rigid Greater Indian plate during the Cretaceous. On the other hand, when the Indian craton and Tethyan Himalaya moved as two individual blocks rather than a united rigid/quasi-rigid Greater Indian plate before the India-Asia collision, current available Cretaceous paleomagnetic data permit only multiple paleogeographic solutions for the tectonic relationship between the Indian plate and the Tethyan Himalayan terrane. We therefore argue that the tectonic relationship between the Indian plate and the Tethyan Himalayan terrane cannot be uniquely constrained by current paleomagnetic data in the absence of sufficient geological evidence, and the so-called Greater India basin model is just one of the ideal scenarios.展开更多
文摘侏罗纪、白垩纪是特提斯-喜马拉雅海区演化过程中的一个极其重要的阶段,其沉积物蕴涵着新特提斯早期演变的丰富信息。通过实测浪卡子县多久乡卡东晚侏罗世—早白垩世地层剖面,结合前人的研究成果,在对剖面进行层序地层分析的基础上,识别出4个三级层序。特提斯-喜马拉雅海区晚侏罗世层序地层总体上表现为海退的进积序列,反映了特提斯-喜马拉雅海区持续收缩和海平面下降的过程;早白垩世层序地层总体表现为海进的退积序列,反映了特提斯洋壳的扩张阶段。早白垩世桑秀组可以分为2个层序,第一个层序为Ⅰ型层序,镜下观察表明,早白垩世桑秀组底部的砂岩为近源沉积,属滨浅海相沉积,为低水位体系域,颗粒的定向性指示该区后期受到强烈的挤压作用;中部为次深海沉积,为海侵和高水位体系域;第二个层序为Ⅱ型层序,发育陆棚边缘体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域,由陆棚、火山陆隆和浊流沉积组成。甲不拉组的砾岩属于新层序的开始,为低水位体系域。该剖面海平面相对变化曲线与同期全球海平面相对变化曲线基本一致。该区层序形成的控制因素包括构造沉降-火山活动、海平面相对变化和沉积物供应。结合锆石SHR IM P年代学研究可以确定侏罗纪/白垩纪的界线位于前人认为的维美组上部砂岩之底。
文摘The geochemical characteristics of two sections—the Permian–Triassic boundary(PTB) Guryul Ravine section, Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir,India; and the Attargoo section, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India—have been studied in the context of provenance, paleo-weathering, and plate tectonic setting.These sections represent the siliciclastic sedimentary sequence from the Tethys Himalaya. The PTB siliciclastic sedimentary sequence in these regions primarily consists of sandstones and shales with variable thickness. Present studied sandstones and shales of both sections had chemical index of alteration values between 65 and 74; such values reveal low-to-moderate degree of chemical weathering. The chemical index of weathering in studied samples ranged from 71 to 94, suggesting a minor K-metasomatism effect on these samples. Plagioclase index of alteration in studied sections ranged from 68 to 92, indicating a moderate degree of weathering of plagioclase feldspars. The provenance discriminant function diagram suggests that the detritus involved in the formation of present studied siliciclastic sedimentary rocks fall in quartzose sedimentary and felsic igneous provenances. These sediments were deposited in a passive continental margin plate tectonic setting according to their location on a Si_2 O versus K_2O/Na_2 O tectonic setting diagram.
基金financially supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (B type) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB03010404)
文摘Identifying when, where, and how India and Asia collided is a prerequisite to better understand the evolution of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau. Whereas with essentially the same published paleomagnetic data, a large range of different India-Asia collision models have been proposed in the literature. Based upon the premise of a northwards-moving Indian plate during the Cretaceous times, we analyze the significant variations in relative paleolatitude produced by a nearly 90° counterclockwise(CCW)rotation of the plate itself during the Cretaceous. Interestingly, recent studies proposed a dual-collision process with a Greater India basin or post-Neo-Tethyan ocean for the India-Asia collision, mainly in the light of divergent Cretaceous paleolatitude differences of the Tethyan Himalaya between the observed values and expected ones computed from the apparent polar wander path of the Indian plate. However, we find that these varied paleolatitude differences are mainly resulted from a nearly 90° CCW rotation of a rigid/quasi-rigid Greater Indian plate during the Cretaceous. On the other hand, when the Indian craton and Tethyan Himalaya moved as two individual blocks rather than a united rigid/quasi-rigid Greater Indian plate before the India-Asia collision, current available Cretaceous paleomagnetic data permit only multiple paleogeographic solutions for the tectonic relationship between the Indian plate and the Tethyan Himalayan terrane. We therefore argue that the tectonic relationship between the Indian plate and the Tethyan Himalayan terrane cannot be uniquely constrained by current paleomagnetic data in the absence of sufficient geological evidence, and the so-called Greater India basin model is just one of the ideal scenarios.
