The surface and interface electronic states of tris (8 hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3)/indium tin oxide (ITO) were measured and analyzed by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that, in Alq...The surface and interface electronic states of tris (8 hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3)/indium tin oxide (ITO) were measured and analyzed by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that, in Alq 3 molecule, the binding energy ( E b) of Al atoms is 70.7 eV and 75.1 eV, corresponding to Al(O) and Al(Ⅲ), respectively; The binding energy of C is 285.8 eV, 286.3 eV, and 286.8 eV, corresponding to C of C-C group, C-O, and C-N bond, respectively. N is the main peak locating at 401.0 eV, corresponding to N atom of C-N=C. O atoms mainly bond to H atom, with the binding energy of 533.2 eV. As the sputtering time of Ar + ion beam increases, Al 2p , C 1s , N 1s , O 1s , In 3d 5/2 and Sn 3d 5/2 peaks slightly shift towards lower binding energy, and Al 2p , C 1s and N 1s peaks get weaker, which contributes to diffusing the oxygen, indium and tin in ITO into Alq 3 layer.展开更多
A model was built to simulate liquid aluminum leakage during the casting process,including transient trough flow,orifice outflow,and spread,to prevent the explosion.A comparison between the simulation data and the the...A model was built to simulate liquid aluminum leakage during the casting process,including transient trough flow,orifice outflow,and spread,to prevent the explosion.A comparison between the simulation data and the theoretical calculation results verifies that the model has remarkable adaptability and high accuracy.Although the height of liquid aluminum in the mixing furnace and outlet radius are changed,the molten aluminum will not leak during the casting process.The aluminum in the trough moves forward in a wave-like motion and causes a leakage.The spread of the leaked aluminum resembles a long strip on the ground.The leakage amount and spread area of liquid aluminum increase with increasing the height of liquid aluminum in the mixing furnace.展开更多
Duralumin alloys have been utilized as structural components and parts for aircrafts, train-cars and so forth. Their high specific strength was attractive to those applications; however, their little corrosion resista...Duralumin alloys have been utilized as structural components and parts for aircrafts, train-cars and so forth. Their high specific strength was attractive to those applications; however, their little corrosion resistance and low wear endurance became a fatal demerit in practical applications. In order to overcome these issues of high strength aluminum alloys, high density plasma nitriding is proposed as an effective surface treatment for duralumin. This process has a capability to control the RF- and DC-plasmas independently for nitriding. This enables us to temporally control and describe the plasma state by in-situ plasma diagnosis. This plasma diagnosis was instrumented to search for optimum processing condition to plasma nitriding the duralumin alloys of type A2011. Both type A2011 aluminum alloy plates and pipes were employed to describe the inner nitriding behavior for hardening the duralumin alloys by the present plasma nitriding.展开更多
Combustion characteristics of nanofluid fuels containing aluminum nanoparticles were investigated in half-opening slot tubes from the fundamental view. The effects of particle loading rates(0.25% and 2.5% by weight), ...Combustion characteristics of nanofluid fuels containing aluminum nanoparticles were investigated in half-opening slot tubes from the fundamental view. The effects of particle loading rates(0.25% and 2.5% by weight), type of base fuels(ethanol and butanol),and fuel flow rates(0.2, 0.6, and 1 mL/min) were studied in details. The combustion characteristics of the nanofluid fuels and pure based fuels were also examined to provide a comparison. Flame was unstable with reignition, stable state, nearly extinguishment repeatedly at low flow rate. At medium flow rate, flame height was increased and flame tended to be stable. At high flow rate,flame became unstable and was disturbed by the droplet forming and dripping significantly. Al atoms inside the oxide layer should be melted before the particles combustion, while Al oxide layer should be melted before the particles aggregates combustion. The effects of particles on the combustion characteristics, especially on the evaporation rate of base fuel, were discussed. The reasons for various combustion phenomena of nanofluid fuels were given, which can provide the useful guidance for the experimental research and practical applications of nanofluid fuels.展开更多
文摘The surface and interface electronic states of tris (8 hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq 3)/indium tin oxide (ITO) were measured and analyzed by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that, in Alq 3 molecule, the binding energy ( E b) of Al atoms is 70.7 eV and 75.1 eV, corresponding to Al(O) and Al(Ⅲ), respectively; The binding energy of C is 285.8 eV, 286.3 eV, and 286.8 eV, corresponding to C of C-C group, C-O, and C-N bond, respectively. N is the main peak locating at 401.0 eV, corresponding to N atom of C-N=C. O atoms mainly bond to H atom, with the binding energy of 533.2 eV. As the sputtering time of Ar + ion beam increases, Al 2p , C 1s , N 1s , O 1s , In 3d 5/2 and Sn 3d 5/2 peaks slightly shift towards lower binding energy, and Al 2p , C 1s and N 1s peaks get weaker, which contributes to diffusing the oxygen, indium and tin in ITO into Alq 3 layer.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC0805100).
文摘A model was built to simulate liquid aluminum leakage during the casting process,including transient trough flow,orifice outflow,and spread,to prevent the explosion.A comparison between the simulation data and the theoretical calculation results verifies that the model has remarkable adaptability and high accuracy.Although the height of liquid aluminum in the mixing furnace and outlet radius are changed,the molten aluminum will not leak during the casting process.The aluminum in the trough moves forward in a wave-like motion and causes a leakage.The spread of the leaked aluminum resembles a long strip on the ground.The leakage amount and spread area of liquid aluminum increase with increasing the height of liquid aluminum in the mixing furnace.
文摘Duralumin alloys have been utilized as structural components and parts for aircrafts, train-cars and so forth. Their high specific strength was attractive to those applications; however, their little corrosion resistance and low wear endurance became a fatal demerit in practical applications. In order to overcome these issues of high strength aluminum alloys, high density plasma nitriding is proposed as an effective surface treatment for duralumin. This process has a capability to control the RF- and DC-plasmas independently for nitriding. This enables us to temporally control and describe the plasma state by in-situ plasma diagnosis. This plasma diagnosis was instrumented to search for optimum processing condition to plasma nitriding the duralumin alloys of type A2011. Both type A2011 aluminum alloy plates and pipes were employed to describe the inner nitriding behavior for hardening the duralumin alloys by the present plasma nitriding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51576100)the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.BK20140034)the Jiangsu Provincial Project of“Six Talent Summit”(Grant No.2014-XNY-002)
文摘Combustion characteristics of nanofluid fuels containing aluminum nanoparticles were investigated in half-opening slot tubes from the fundamental view. The effects of particle loading rates(0.25% and 2.5% by weight), type of base fuels(ethanol and butanol),and fuel flow rates(0.2, 0.6, and 1 mL/min) were studied in details. The combustion characteristics of the nanofluid fuels and pure based fuels were also examined to provide a comparison. Flame was unstable with reignition, stable state, nearly extinguishment repeatedly at low flow rate. At medium flow rate, flame height was increased and flame tended to be stable. At high flow rate,flame became unstable and was disturbed by the droplet forming and dripping significantly. Al atoms inside the oxide layer should be melted before the particles combustion, while Al oxide layer should be melted before the particles aggregates combustion. The effects of particles on the combustion characteristics, especially on the evaporation rate of base fuel, were discussed. The reasons for various combustion phenomena of nanofluid fuels were given, which can provide the useful guidance for the experimental research and practical applications of nanofluid fuels.
