[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Primo MAXX growth regulator on growth of Bermuda grass,explore appropriate application concentration of Primo MAXX on Bermuda grass,and provide basis for the appli...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Primo MAXX growth regulator on growth of Bermuda grass,explore appropriate application concentration of Primo MAXX on Bermuda grass,and provide basis for the application of Primo MAXX in Bermuda meadow.[Method]The height,leaf colour and the aerial part＇s fresh weight of Bermuda grass treated with different concentrations were researched using single factor random block test.[Result]Primo MAXX application effectively reduced the height in all treatment without significant difference;appropriate application of Primo MAXX can enrich the color;and 35 days after application,Bermuda grass roots were become thicker.[Conclusion]The application of Primo MAXX with effective dose of 150-300 g/hm2 on Bermuda grass in southern China is more appropriate.展开更多
The biomechanical behavior of dog's duodenum and jejunum were studied and a formulation of the stress strain relation is presented in this paper. The results obtained indicated that the exponential coefficient α...The biomechanical behavior of dog's duodenum and jejunum were studied and a formulation of the stress strain relation is presented in this paper. The results obtained indicated that the exponential coefficient α and the incremental duodenum of the elastic modulus are both larger than those of the jejunum. It means that the duodenum is more deformable than the jejunum. The experimental results of this work provide basal data for kinematics study of a robotic endoscope.展开更多
For a period of two years, a survey of 110 parturitions of Labrador breed bitches was carried out in Rosario City to determine the average number of puppies per litter, percentage of dystocia of all parturitions, perc...For a period of two years, a survey of 110 parturitions of Labrador breed bitches was carried out in Rosario City to determine the average number of puppies per litter, percentage of dystocia of all parturitions, percentage of males and females born and causes of dystocia, as well as the incidence of clinically detectable congenital pathologies. Over a total of 110 parturitions ninety three （84.5%） parturitions were normal and 17 （15.5%） were dystocic ones, it was established that atony 1 was the most numerous cause of dystocia （53%）, followed by atony 2 （23%）, dystocia by fetal disorders （6%）, hydramnios （6%）, uterine rupture （6%） and vagina fibrous band （6%）. The whole puppies born was 866, 7.9 puppies per litter, if comparison between normal parturitions and dystocic ones is made, numbers are 7.05 and 8.02 respectively. When sex evaluation percentage is made 51.5% are males and 48.5% are females. When viability of puppies born is calculated it is established that in ones born by normal parturition perinatal death was 9.3%, while in those born by dystocia it was 10.9%. Among clinically verifiable congenital disorders low weight at birth was the most frequent congenital alteration, followed by cleft palate, lethal congenital edema or walrus syndrome and hare lip.展开更多
Dogs exhibit close similarities to humans in terms of metabolic,physiological,and anatomical characteristics,and thus are ideal genetic and clinical models to study human diseases.Gene target technology is a powerful ...Dogs exhibit close similarities to humans in terms of metabolic,physiological,and anatomical characteristics,and thus are ideal genetic and clinical models to study human diseases.Gene target technology is a powerful tool to create new strains of animals with favorable trails.However,gene-target dogs were not developed for a long time due to their unique species-specific reproductive characteristics which limited their applications,especially in the field of biomedical research.Recently.展开更多
The roles that top predators play in regulating the structure and function of ecosystems have long been controversial. This is particularly the case when predators pose adverse risks for human life and/or economic int...The roles that top predators play in regulating the structure and function of ecosystems have long been controversial. This is particularly the case when predators pose adverse risks for human life and/or economic interests. The critique of literature on dingoes and their ecological roles in Australia provided by Allen et al. （2011） shows that top predators remain a potentially polarising issue. In opposition to Allen et al. we argue that these widespread patterns of species＇ abundances, attributed to the ef- fects of dingoes and evident at scales ranging from the foraging behaviour of individuals through to continental scale patterns of species abundances, constitute strong support for the mesopredator release hypothesis and provide evidence that dingoes benefit biodiversity conservation by inducing community wide trophic cascades. Harnessing the positive ecological effects of dingoes while at the same time minimising their impacts on agriculture is a major socio-political challenge in Australia [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 668-670].展开更多
There is growing interest in the role that apex predators play in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In line with the mesopredator release hypothesis, Australian dingoes （Canis lupus d...There is growing interest in the role that apex predators play in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In line with the mesopredator release hypothesis, Australian dingoes （Canis lupus dingo and hybrids） are assumed by many to regulate the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxes Vulpes vulpes and feral cats Fells catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several recent papers have claimed to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Nevertheless, in this paper we highlight several critical weaknesses in the methodologi- cal approaches used in many of these reports, including lack of consideration for seasonal and habitat differences in activity, the complication of simple track-based indices by incorporating difficult-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing populations by using binary measures rather than potentially continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them （75%） contained serious methodological flaws, which may partly explain the inconclusive nature of the literature investigating interactions between invasive Australian predators. We therefore assert that most of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for meso- predator release is merely an inconclusive growing body of literature only. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- logical roles of dingoes relative to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the value of studies that have not done so [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].展开更多
The studies of Allen （2011） and Allen et al. （2011） recently examined the methodology underpinning claims that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found most studies to...The studies of Allen （2011） and Allen et al. （2011） recently examined the methodology underpinning claims that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found most studies to have design flaws and/or observational methods that preclude valid interpretations from the data, describing most of the current literature as ＇wild dogma＇. In this short supplement, we briefly highlight the roles and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia. We discuss nomenclature, and the influence that unreliable science can have on policy and practice changes related to apex predator management展开更多
While food sharing among related individuals can be explained by kin selection, food sharing be- tween unrelated individuals has been more of an evolutionary puzzle. The food-for-sex hypothesis provides an explanation...While food sharing among related individuals can be explained by kin selection, food sharing be- tween unrelated individuals has been more of an evolutionary puzzle. The food-for-sex hypothesis provides an explanation for the occurrence of food sharing among nonkin. However, little is known about the socio-ecological factors that can promote such a commodity exchange. A species mating system is a factor potentially influencing food-for-sex patterns of behavior. Here, we compared wolves, which form pair-bonds, with dogs, which are typically promiscuous in freeranging contexts, to investigate the effect of reproductive stages on the behavior around a food source in 2 different contexts. Furthermore, we considered the roles of both the males and the fe- males in the potential food-for-sex exchange. Results indicate that in both species and for both sexes the breeding period promotes decreased aggression. Additionally, females were more per- sistent in their attempts to access the food and were able to monopolize the resource more when in heat as compared to outside the breeding period. Finally, in dogs, but not wolves, females spent more time in proximity to the male＇s bone and had a shorter latency to start eating it when in heat. Overall, this study demonstrates that the food-for-sex hypothesis plays a part in intersexual food sharing in canids, and highlights the role of females in the interaction. These effects were especially the case in dogs, suggesting a potential effect of mating system on food-for-sex responses展开更多
Liquid film flow widely exists in industries due to its high thermal film is strongly influenced by the properties of the working surface efficiency and low flow flux. The spreading of the liquid A biomimetic surface ...Liquid film flow widely exists in industries due to its high thermal film is strongly influenced by the properties of the working surface efficiency and low flow flux. The spreading of the liquid A biomimetic surface with multi-scale structures inspired by the skin of a dog＇s tongue is proposed in this paper for the enhancement of heat and mass transfer. The spreading and flow behaviors of a gravity-driven liquid falling down the pre-wetted biomimetic surface are compared with that on the smooth sur- faces, via the combination of numerical simulations using the volume of fluid （VOF） method, and experimental measurements using high-speed imaging. On the pre-wetted smooth substrate, liquid merges with two droplets before the free surface of the liquid slowly develops into a parabolic shape. In contrast, on the biomimetic surface, liquid rapidly and uniformly spreads into a thin film which could effectively enhance mass transfer in both spanwise and streamwise directions. The characteristics and distribution of the microstructures on the proposed biomimetic surface are potentially to be used to guide the design of the surface in high efficiency heat exchangers and reactors.展开更多
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Province(2008B020400015,2006B20301045)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of Primo MAXX growth regulator on growth of Bermuda grass,explore appropriate application concentration of Primo MAXX on Bermuda grass,and provide basis for the application of Primo MAXX in Bermuda meadow.[Method]The height,leaf colour and the aerial part＇s fresh weight of Bermuda grass treated with different concentrations were researched using single factor random block test.[Result]Primo MAXX application effectively reduced the height in all treatment without significant difference;appropriate application of Primo MAXX can enrich the color;and 35 days after application,Bermuda grass roots were become thicker.[Conclusion]The application of Primo MAXX with effective dose of 150-300 g/hm2 on Bermuda grass in southern China is more appropriate.
文摘The biomechanical behavior of dog's duodenum and jejunum were studied and a formulation of the stress strain relation is presented in this paper. The results obtained indicated that the exponential coefficient α and the incremental duodenum of the elastic modulus are both larger than those of the jejunum. It means that the duodenum is more deformable than the jejunum. The experimental results of this work provide basal data for kinematics study of a robotic endoscope.
文摘For a period of two years, a survey of 110 parturitions of Labrador breed bitches was carried out in Rosario City to determine the average number of puppies per litter, percentage of dystocia of all parturitions, percentage of males and females born and causes of dystocia, as well as the incidence of clinically detectable congenital pathologies. Over a total of 110 parturitions ninety three （84.5%） parturitions were normal and 17 （15.5%） were dystocic ones, it was established that atony 1 was the most numerous cause of dystocia （53%）, followed by atony 2 （23%）, dystocia by fetal disorders （6%）, hydramnios （6%）, uterine rupture （6%） and vagina fibrous band （6%）. The whole puppies born was 866, 7.9 puppies per litter, if comparison between normal parturitions and dystocic ones is made, numbers are 7.05 and 8.02 respectively. When sex evaluation percentage is made 51.5% are males and 48.5% are females. When viability of puppies born is calculated it is established that in ones born by normal parturition perinatal death was 9.3%, while in those born by dystocia it was 10.9%. Among clinically verifiable congenital disorders low weight at birth was the most frequent congenital alteration, followed by cleft palate, lethal congenital edema or walrus syndrome and hare lip.
文摘Dogs exhibit close similarities to humans in terms of metabolic,physiological,and anatomical characteristics,and thus are ideal genetic and clinical models to study human diseases.Gene target technology is a powerful tool to create new strains of animals with favorable trails.However,gene-target dogs were not developed for a long time due to their unique species-specific reproductive characteristics which limited their applications,especially in the field of biomedical research.Recently.
文摘The roles that top predators play in regulating the structure and function of ecosystems have long been controversial. This is particularly the case when predators pose adverse risks for human life and/or economic interests. The critique of literature on dingoes and their ecological roles in Australia provided by Allen et al. （2011） shows that top predators remain a potentially polarising issue. In opposition to Allen et al. we argue that these widespread patterns of species＇ abundances, attributed to the ef- fects of dingoes and evident at scales ranging from the foraging behaviour of individuals through to continental scale patterns of species abundances, constitute strong support for the mesopredator release hypothesis and provide evidence that dingoes benefit biodiversity conservation by inducing community wide trophic cascades. Harnessing the positive ecological effects of dingoes while at the same time minimising their impacts on agriculture is a major socio-political challenge in Australia [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 668-670].
文摘There is growing interest in the role that apex predators play in shaping terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In line with the mesopredator release hypothesis, Australian dingoes （Canis lupus dingo and hybrids） are assumed by many to regulate the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxes Vulpes vulpes and feral cats Fells catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several recent papers have claimed to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Nevertheless, in this paper we highlight several critical weaknesses in the methodologi- cal approaches used in many of these reports, including lack of consideration for seasonal and habitat differences in activity, the complication of simple track-based indices by incorporating difficult-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing populations by using binary measures rather than potentially continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them （75%） contained serious methodological flaws, which may partly explain the inconclusive nature of the literature investigating interactions between invasive Australian predators. We therefore assert that most of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for meso- predator release is merely an inconclusive growing body of literature only. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- logical roles of dingoes relative to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the value of studies that have not done so [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].
文摘The studies of Allen （2011） and Allen et al. （2011） recently examined the methodology underpinning claims that dingoes provide net benefits to biodiversity by suppressing foxes and cats. They found most studies to have design flaws and/or observational methods that preclude valid interpretations from the data, describing most of the current literature as ＇wild dogma＇. In this short supplement, we briefly highlight the roles and implications of wild dogma for wild dog management in Australia. We discuss nomenclature, and the influence that unreliable science can have on policy and practice changes related to apex predator management
文摘While food sharing among related individuals can be explained by kin selection, food sharing be- tween unrelated individuals has been more of an evolutionary puzzle. The food-for-sex hypothesis provides an explanation for the occurrence of food sharing among nonkin. However, little is known about the socio-ecological factors that can promote such a commodity exchange. A species mating system is a factor potentially influencing food-for-sex patterns of behavior. Here, we compared wolves, which form pair-bonds, with dogs, which are typically promiscuous in freeranging contexts, to investigate the effect of reproductive stages on the behavior around a food source in 2 different contexts. Furthermore, we considered the roles of both the males and the fe- males in the potential food-for-sex exchange. Results indicate that in both species and for both sexes the breeding period promotes decreased aggression. Additionally, females were more per- sistent in their attempts to access the food and were able to monopolize the resource more when in heat as compared to outside the breeding period. Finally, in dogs, but not wolves, females spent more time in proximity to the male＇s bone and had a shorter latency to start eating it when in heat. Overall, this study demonstrates that the food-for-sex hypothesis plays a part in intersexual food sharing in canids, and highlights the role of females in the interaction. These effects were especially the case in dogs, suggesting a potential effect of mating system on food-for-sex responses
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51575227,U1134109,51106062&51206058)
文摘Liquid film flow widely exists in industries due to its high thermal film is strongly influenced by the properties of the working surface efficiency and low flow flux. The spreading of the liquid A biomimetic surface with multi-scale structures inspired by the skin of a dog＇s tongue is proposed in this paper for the enhancement of heat and mass transfer. The spreading and flow behaviors of a gravity-driven liquid falling down the pre-wetted biomimetic surface are compared with that on the smooth sur- faces, via the combination of numerical simulations using the volume of fluid （VOF） method, and experimental measurements using high-speed imaging. On the pre-wetted smooth substrate, liquid merges with two droplets before the free surface of the liquid slowly develops into a parabolic shape. In contrast, on the biomimetic surface, liquid rapidly and uniformly spreads into a thin film which could effectively enhance mass transfer in both spanwise and streamwise directions. The characteristics and distribution of the microstructures on the proposed biomimetic surface are potentially to be used to guide the design of the surface in high efficiency heat exchangers and reactors.
