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冰片作用特点研究综述 被引量:24
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作者 姚美村 邵建芳 +1 位作者 邹佳丽 姜晓飞 《临床医药实践》 2009年第8Z期1977-1980,共4页
冰片为常用中药,中医认为其作用特点是"独行则势弱,佐使则有功",本文通过对冰片在抗菌抗炎止痛、促进血脑屏障开放、保护脑缺血、诱导肝微粒体酶等方面药理和临床作用的文献综述,认为冰片的作用特点为不仅佐使有功,而且独行... 冰片为常用中药,中医认为其作用特点是"独行则势弱,佐使则有功",本文通过对冰片在抗菌抗炎止痛、促进血脑屏障开放、保护脑缺血、诱导肝微粒体酶等方面药理和临床作用的文献综述,认为冰片的作用特点为不仅佐使有功,而且独行也不弱。在安全性方面,合成冰片由于质量不稳定导致安全性降低,但我国新开发的天然冰片是否可以完全取代合成冰片入药,仍有待进一步研究。 展开更多
关键词 冰片 独行作用 佐使作用 安全性
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Social interactions in a solitary carnivore
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作者 L. Mark ELBROCH Howard QUIGLEY 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2017年第4期357-362,共6页
In total, 177 of 245 terrestrial carnivores are described as solitary, and much of carnivore ecology is built on the assumptions that interactions between adult solitary carnivores are rare. We employed Global Positio... In total, 177 of 245 terrestrial carnivores are described as solitary, and much of carnivore ecology is built on the assumptions that interactions between adult solitary carnivores are rare. We employed Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and motion-triggered cameras to test predictions of land-tenure territoriality and the resource dispersion hypothesis in a territorial carnivore, the puma Puma concolor. We documented 89 independent GPS interactions, 60% of which occurred at puma kills (n=53), 59 camera interactions, 11 (17%) of which captured courtship behaviors, and 5 other interactions (1 F-F, 3 M-F, and 1 M-M). Mean minimum weekly contact rates were 5.5 times higher in winter, the season when elk Cervus elaphus were aggregated at lower elevations and during which puma courtship primarily occurred. In winter, contacts rates were 0.6_+ 0.3 (standard devi- ation (SD)) interactions/week vs. 0.1 _+ 0.1 (SD) interactions/week during summer. The preponder- ance of interactions at food sources supported the resource dispersion hypothesis, which predicts that resource fluxes can explain temporary social behaviors that do not result in any apparent benefits for the individuals involved. Conspecific tolerance is logical when a prey is so large that the predator that killed it cannot consume it entirely, and thus, the costs of tolerating a conspecific sharing the kill are less than the potential costs associated with defending it and being injured. Puma aggregations at kills numbered as high as 9, emphasizing the need for future research on what explains tolerance among solitary carnivores. 展开更多
关键词 CARNIVORES COMPETITION Puma concolor resource dispersion hypothesis social interactions tolerance.
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