Anal stenosis is a rare but serious complication of anorectal surgery, most commonly seen after hemorrhoidectomy. Anal stenosis represents a technical challenge in terms of surgical management. A Medline search of stu...Anal stenosis is a rare but serious complication of anorectal surgery, most commonly seen after hemorrhoidectomy. Anal stenosis represents a technical challenge in terms of surgical management. A Medline search of studies relevant to the management of anal stenosis was undertaken. The etiology, pathophysiology and classification of anal stenosis were reviewed. An overview of surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options was developed. Ninety percent of anal stenosis is caused by overzealous hemorrhoidectomy. Treatment, both medical and surgical, should be modulated based on stenosis severity. Mild stenosis can be managed conservatively with stool softeners or fiber supplements. Sphincterotomy may be quite adequate for a patient with a mild degree of narrowing. For more severe stenosis, a formal anoplasty should be performed to treat the loss of anal canal tissue. Anal stenosis may be anatomic or functional. Anal stricture is most often a preventable complication. Many techniques have been used for the treatment of anal stenosis with variable healing rates. It is extremely difficult to interpret the results of the various anoplastic procedures described in the literature as prospective trials have not been performed. However, almost any approach will at least improve patient symptoms.展开更多
Plasma dynorphin A1-13 levels were measured in 33 patients with mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy (PBMC). The results show that the basal levels of plasma dynorphin in blood f...Plasma dynorphin A1-13 levels were measured in 33 patients with mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy (PBMC). The results show that the basal levels of plasma dynorphin in blood from the antecubital vein in the patients were significantly higher than those in 31 healthy control subjects. The increase in circulating dynorphin closely correlated with the functional cardiac status and the presence of atrial fibrillation. Ten to fifteen minutes after PBMC, plasma dynorphin levels in blood from the femoral vein increased significantly. Seventy-two hours after the procedure, the levels of plasma dynorphin in blood from the antecubital vein had decreased significantly , but they did not decrease to the normal range. Plasma dynorphin levels in blood from the femoral vein were positively correlated with the mean left atrial pressure and the mean right atrial pressure before the first balloon inflation. Plasma dynorphin levels in blood from the antecubital vein were positively correlated with the heart rate and the mean transmitral pressure gradient, and negatively with the mitral valve area before and 72 hours after PBMC.展开更多
Objectives： We retrospectively reviewed the urethral stricture cases treated in our tertiary center, and assessed the safety and feasibility of the high-pressure balloon dilation （HPBD） technique for anterior ureth...Objectives： We retrospectively reviewed the urethral stricture cases treated in our tertiary center, and assessed the safety and feasibility of the high-pressure balloon dilation （HPBD） technique for anterior urethral stricture Methods： From January 2009 to December 2012, a total of 31 patients with anterior urethral strictures underwent HPBD at our center, while another 25 cases were treated by direct vision internal urethrotomy （DVIU）. Patient de- mographics, stricture characteristics, surgical techniques, and operative outcomes were assessed and compared between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to evaluate the stricture-free rate for the two surgical techniques. Results： The operation time was much shorter for the HPBD procedure than for the DVIU （（13.19±2.68） min vs. （18.44±3.29） min, P〈0.01）. For the HPBD group, the major postoperative complications as urethral bleeding and urinary tract infection （UTI） were less frequently encountered than those in DVIU （urethral bleeding： 2/31 vs. 8/25, P=0.017; UTI： 1/31 vs. 6/25 P=0.037）. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in stricture-free rate at 36 months between the two groups （P=-0.21, hazard ratio （HR）=0.65, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.34 to 1.26）. However, there was a significantly higher stricture-free survival in the HPBD group at 12 months （P=-0.02, HR=0.35, 95% CI： 0.14 to 0.87）, which indicated that the stricture recurrence could be delayed by using the HPBD technique. Conclusions： HPBD was effective and safe and it could be considered as an alternative treatment modality for anterior urethral stricture disease.展开更多
文摘Anal stenosis is a rare but serious complication of anorectal surgery, most commonly seen after hemorrhoidectomy. Anal stenosis represents a technical challenge in terms of surgical management. A Medline search of studies relevant to the management of anal stenosis was undertaken. The etiology, pathophysiology and classification of anal stenosis were reviewed. An overview of surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options was developed. Ninety percent of anal stenosis is caused by overzealous hemorrhoidectomy. Treatment, both medical and surgical, should be modulated based on stenosis severity. Mild stenosis can be managed conservatively with stool softeners or fiber supplements. Sphincterotomy may be quite adequate for a patient with a mild degree of narrowing. For more severe stenosis, a formal anoplasty should be performed to treat the loss of anal canal tissue. Anal stenosis may be anatomic or functional. Anal stricture is most often a preventable complication. Many techniques have been used for the treatment of anal stenosis with variable healing rates. It is extremely difficult to interpret the results of the various anoplastic procedures described in the literature as prospective trials have not been performed. However, almost any approach will at least improve patient symptoms.
文摘Plasma dynorphin A1-13 levels were measured in 33 patients with mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy (PBMC). The results show that the basal levels of plasma dynorphin in blood from the antecubital vein in the patients were significantly higher than those in 31 healthy control subjects. The increase in circulating dynorphin closely correlated with the functional cardiac status and the presence of atrial fibrillation. Ten to fifteen minutes after PBMC, plasma dynorphin levels in blood from the femoral vein increased significantly. Seventy-two hours after the procedure, the levels of plasma dynorphin in blood from the antecubital vein had decreased significantly , but they did not decrease to the normal range. Plasma dynorphin levels in blood from the femoral vein were positively correlated with the mean left atrial pressure and the mean right atrial pressure before the first balloon inflation. Plasma dynorphin levels in blood from the antecubital vein were positively correlated with the heart rate and the mean transmitral pressure gradient, and negatively with the mitral valve area before and 72 hours after PBMC.
基金Project supported by the Medical Health Program of Zhejiang Province(No.2014ZDA011)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2015KYB222)
文摘Objectives： We retrospectively reviewed the urethral stricture cases treated in our tertiary center, and assessed the safety and feasibility of the high-pressure balloon dilation （HPBD） technique for anterior urethral stricture Methods： From January 2009 to December 2012, a total of 31 patients with anterior urethral strictures underwent HPBD at our center, while another 25 cases were treated by direct vision internal urethrotomy （DVIU）. Patient de- mographics, stricture characteristics, surgical techniques, and operative outcomes were assessed and compared between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was applied to evaluate the stricture-free rate for the two surgical techniques. Results： The operation time was much shorter for the HPBD procedure than for the DVIU （（13.19±2.68） min vs. （18.44±3.29） min, P〈0.01）. For the HPBD group, the major postoperative complications as urethral bleeding and urinary tract infection （UTI） were less frequently encountered than those in DVIU （urethral bleeding： 2/31 vs. 8/25, P=0.017; UTI： 1/31 vs. 6/25 P=0.037）. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in stricture-free rate at 36 months between the two groups （P=-0.21, hazard ratio （HR）=0.65, 95% confidence interval （CI）： 0.34 to 1.26）. However, there was a significantly higher stricture-free survival in the HPBD group at 12 months （P=-0.02, HR=0.35, 95% CI： 0.14 to 0.87）, which indicated that the stricture recurrence could be delayed by using the HPBD technique. Conclusions： HPBD was effective and safe and it could be considered as an alternative treatment modality for anterior urethral stricture disease.
