The variation of sugar, acid and vitamin C contents in fruits of red flesh kiwifruit （Actinidia chinensis） ＂Hongyang＂ and green fresh kiwifruit （A. deliciosa） ＇Jinkui＇ were investigated during fruit developmen...The variation of sugar, acid and vitamin C contents in fruits of red flesh kiwifruit （Actinidia chinensis） ＂Hongyang＂ and green fresh kiwifruit （A. deliciosa） ＇Jinkui＇ were investigated during fruit development. The results showed that the to- tal sugar soluble contents of ＂Hongyang＇ and ＇Jinkui＂ during fruit development ex- isted different variations. With the upward trend of ＇Hongyang＇ fruit development, 95 days after full bloom （DAFB）, the total soluble sugar accumulation was relatively slow, and then rose rapidly until harvest with the maximum content （6.87%）. While ＇Jinkui＇ fruit showed a fluctuant process, rising in 50 DAFB, then declining, then rising rapidly and decreasing slightly right before harvest. The variation of fruit titrat- able acid between them was more consistent, which was increased and then de- creased. The only difference was that the titratable acid content of ＇Jinkui＇ fruit de- creased slowly from the late of fruit development to fruit ripening, similar to the maximum value, but that of ＇Hongyang＇ fruit decreased rapidly in the late. Titrat- able acid contents of them in the maturity were 1.08% and 1.20%, respectively. The trends of sugar acid ratio for ＇Hongyang＇ and ＇Jinkui＇ fruit were quite different. ＇Hongyang＇ fruit increased slowly and then rapidly; ＇Jinkui＇ changed from decreas- ing to increasing, followed by slight decreasing in mature stage. In addition, the two kiwifruit varieties had a similar change trend of Vc content during fruit development, which changed from rapid increasing to declining, followed by slight growing in the harvest. The changing tendency of ＇Jinkui＇ fruit was later than that of ＇Hengyang＇.展开更多
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at...Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and other senescence-related factors duringfruit ripening and softening at 20 ℃. The level of endogenous SA in ripening fruits declined and a closerelationship was observed between the change at endogenous SA level and the rate of fruit ripening andsoftening. ASA treatment elevated SA level in the fruit, slowed down the increases in lipoxygenase (LOX)and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities, decreased the O22-. production in the preclimacteric phase andthe early phase of ethylene climacteric rise, maintained the stability of cell membrane, inhibited ethylenebiosynthesis, postponed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, and delayed the process of fruit ripeningand softening. On the contrary, application of ethylene to ripening kiwifruit resulted at a lower SA level, anaccelerated increases in the activities of LOX and AOS and the rate of O22-. production, an elevated relativeelectric conductivity and an advanced onset of ethylene climacteric, and a quicker fruit ripening andsoftening. It is suggested that the effects of ASA on ripening kiwifruit can be attributed to its ability toscavenge O22-. and/or to maintain stability of cell membrane.展开更多
[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as mater...[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as materials every 15 days since 20 days after full bloom （DAFB） to 170 DAFB until in mature stage. [Result] The results showed that during fruit development of ‘Ganmi 6＇, the total sugar soluble contents had a rising trend with relatively stable at 95 DAFB, then rose until har- vest with the maximum content （10.35%）. The titratable acid content showed a trend of increasing, then declining, then increase to the harvest content （1.10%）. From the sugar acid ratio, we can knew it decreased in 95 DAFB, then up to the max （9.38）. The changes of AsA contents showed double ‘S＇ shape, decreased af- ter the first increased rapidly, slightly increased and then decreased in the early harvest. [Conclusion] It provided a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation methods to explore the nutrients regulation.展开更多
[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Meth...[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.展开更多
Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or wit...Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.展开更多
Objctive The aim was to make better use of the EST-SSR resources of kiwifruit for further molecular biological studies and new EST-SSR marker development by screening and mining the SSR repeats in the EST database of ...Objctive The aim was to make better use of the EST-SSR resources of kiwifruit for further molecular biological studies and new EST-SSR marker development by screening and mining the SSR repeats in the EST database of kiwifruit （Actinidia spp. ） [ Method] 56 400 of EST sequences were randomly selected from EST（ Expressed Sequence Tag）sequences of kiwifruit in the database of NCBI. EST sequences were analyzed and the SSR（Microsatellite） was screened by using the SSRHunter software. [ Result] 7 939 SSRs were identified from the ran- domly selected kiwifruit EST resources, among which there were 5 131 （64.63%） dinucleotide, 1 237 （ 15.58% ） trinucleotide, 284 （ 3.58% ） tetra nucleotide, 397 （5.00%） pentanucleotide and 890 （ 11.21% ） hexanucleotide SSRs. Among the dinucleotide sequences, AG/CT repeat motif was accounted for 4 654（90.70% ）. The frequency of SSRs was approximately 1/2.48 kb, which could exist to 1 SSR in 7 unigenes. [ Conclusion] The dinucleotide repeats appeared to be the most abundant SSRs, followed by the trinucleotide and hexanucleotide repeats. Among them the repeat motif such as AG/CT was predominant in each type of SSRs.展开更多
AIM： To investigate if increased dietary fiber, in terms of kiwifruit, is effective in Chinese constipated patients. METHODS： 33 constipated patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited for a 4-wk treatment of ...AIM： To investigate if increased dietary fiber, in terms of kiwifruit, is effective in Chinese constipated patients. METHODS： 33 constipated patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited for a 4-wk treatment of kiwi fruit twice daily. Response during wk 1-4 was defined as an increase in complete spontaneous bowl, motion （CSBM）≥ 1/wk. Secondary efficacy included response during wk 1-4, individual symptoms and scores of bowel habits and constipation. Responses were compared with the baseline run-in period. Colonic transit time and anorectal manometry were performed before and after treatment. RESULTS： Responder rate was 54.5% in the constipated group. The mean CSBM increased after treatment （2.2±2.6 vs 4.4± 4.6, P = 0.013）. There was also improvement in the scores for bothersomeness of constipation （P = 0.02）, and satisfaction of bowel habit （P = 0.001）, and decreased in days of laxative used （P = 0.003）. There was also improvement in transit time （P = 0.003） and rectal sensation （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no change in the bowel symptoms or anorectal physiology in the healthy subjects. CONCLUSION： Increasing dietary fiber intake is effective in relieving chronic constipation in Chinese population.展开更多
文摘The variation of sugar, acid and vitamin C contents in fruits of red flesh kiwifruit （Actinidia chinensis） ＂Hongyang＂ and green fresh kiwifruit （A. deliciosa） ＇Jinkui＇ were investigated during fruit development. The results showed that the to- tal sugar soluble contents of ＂Hongyang＇ and ＇Jinkui＂ during fruit development ex- isted different variations. With the upward trend of ＇Hongyang＇ fruit development, 95 days after full bloom （DAFB）, the total soluble sugar accumulation was relatively slow, and then rose rapidly until harvest with the maximum content （6.87%）. While ＇Jinkui＇ fruit showed a fluctuant process, rising in 50 DAFB, then declining, then rising rapidly and decreasing slightly right before harvest. The variation of fruit titrat- able acid between them was more consistent, which was increased and then de- creased. The only difference was that the titratable acid content of ＇Jinkui＇ fruit de- creased slowly from the late of fruit development to fruit ripening, similar to the maximum value, but that of ＇Hongyang＇ fruit decreased rapidly in the late. Titrat- able acid contents of them in the maturity were 1.08% and 1.20%, respectively. The trends of sugar acid ratio for ＇Hongyang＇ and ＇Jinkui＇ fruit were quite different. ＇Hongyang＇ fruit increased slowly and then rapidly; ＇Jinkui＇ changed from decreas- ing to increasing, followed by slight decreasing in mature stage. In addition, the two kiwifruit varieties had a similar change trend of Vc content during fruit development, which changed from rapid increasing to declining, followed by slight growing in the harvest. The changing tendency of ＇Jinkui＇ fruit was later than that of ＇Hengyang＇.
文摘Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson cv. Bruno) was used toinvestigate the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 1.0 mmol/L, pH 3.5) and ethylene (100 mL/L) treat-ments on changes at endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels and other senescence-related factors duringfruit ripening and softening at 20 ℃. The level of endogenous SA in ripening fruits declined and a closerelationship was observed between the change at endogenous SA level and the rate of fruit ripening andsoftening. ASA treatment elevated SA level in the fruit, slowed down the increases in lipoxygenase (LOX)and allene oxide synthase (AOS) activities, decreased the O22-. production in the preclimacteric phase andthe early phase of ethylene climacteric rise, maintained the stability of cell membrane, inhibited ethylenebiosynthesis, postponed the onset of the ethylene climacteric, and delayed the process of fruit ripeningand softening. On the contrary, application of ethylene to ripening kiwifruit resulted at a lower SA level, anaccelerated increases in the activities of LOX and AOS and the rate of O22-. production, an elevated relativeelectric conductivity and an advanced onset of ethylene climacteric, and a quicker fruit ripening andsoftening. It is suggested that the effects of ASA on ripening kiwifruit can be attributed to its ability toscavenge O22-. and/or to maintain stability of cell membrane.
基金Supported by the Special Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20143ACF60015)National Natural Scientific Fund(31360472)~~
文摘[Objective] The variation of sugar, acid and AsA contents in fruits of ‘Ganmi 6＇ kiwifruit （Actinidia eriantha Benth） were investigated during fruit develop- ment. [Method] Kiwi fruits were randomly taken as materials every 15 days since 20 days after full bloom （DAFB） to 170 DAFB until in mature stage. [Result] The results showed that during fruit development of ‘Ganmi 6＇, the total sugar soluble contents had a rising trend with relatively stable at 95 DAFB, then rose until har- vest with the maximum content （10.35%）. The titratable acid content showed a trend of increasing, then declining, then increase to the harvest content （1.10%）. From the sugar acid ratio, we can knew it decreased in 95 DAFB, then up to the max （9.38）. The changes of AsA contents showed double ‘S＇ shape, decreased af- ter the first increased rapidly, slightly increased and then decreased in the early harvest. [Conclusion] It provided a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation methods to explore the nutrients regulation.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303093)the Key Project for Agricultural Improved Variety Breeding of Shandong Province (Lunongliang[2016]No.6~~
文摘[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.
基金The research is supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Protoplasts isolated from cotyledon-derived calli of Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (2n = 2x=58) were fused by the PEG method with cotyledon-callus protoplasts of A. deliciosa var. deliciosa (2n = 6x = 174) or with mesophyll protoplasts of A. kolomikta (2n = 2x = 58), respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and flow cytometry was used to confirm the occurrence of somatic hybrids. RAPD results with some primers surveyed indicated that one clone (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) and four clones (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) had RAPD banding patterns which combined the parental banding profiles. Ploidy levels of the (A. chinensis + A. deliciosa) clone were deduced as octoploid (2n = 8x), and the (A. chinensis + A. kolomikta) clones were tetraploid (2n = 4x), triploid (2n = 3x) or pentaploid (2n = 5x). The clones were confirmed as interspecific somatic hybrids in Actinidia.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30660113,30860167)~~
文摘Objctive The aim was to make better use of the EST-SSR resources of kiwifruit for further molecular biological studies and new EST-SSR marker development by screening and mining the SSR repeats in the EST database of kiwifruit （Actinidia spp. ） [ Method] 56 400 of EST sequences were randomly selected from EST（ Expressed Sequence Tag）sequences of kiwifruit in the database of NCBI. EST sequences were analyzed and the SSR（Microsatellite） was screened by using the SSRHunter software. [ Result] 7 939 SSRs were identified from the ran- domly selected kiwifruit EST resources, among which there were 5 131 （64.63%） dinucleotide, 1 237 （ 15.58% ） trinucleotide, 284 （ 3.58% ） tetra nucleotide, 397 （5.00%） pentanucleotide and 890 （ 11.21% ） hexanucleotide SSRs. Among the dinucleotide sequences, AG/CT repeat motif was accounted for 4 654（90.70% ）. The frequency of SSRs was approximately 1/2.48 kb, which could exist to 1 SSR in 7 unigenes. [ Conclusion] The dinucleotide repeats appeared to be the most abundant SSRs, followed by the trinucleotide and hexanucleotide repeats. Among them the repeat motif such as AG/CT was predominant in each type of SSRs.
文摘AIM： To investigate if increased dietary fiber, in terms of kiwifruit, is effective in Chinese constipated patients. METHODS： 33 constipated patients and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited for a 4-wk treatment of kiwi fruit twice daily. Response during wk 1-4 was defined as an increase in complete spontaneous bowl, motion （CSBM）≥ 1/wk. Secondary efficacy included response during wk 1-4, individual symptoms and scores of bowel habits and constipation. Responses were compared with the baseline run-in period. Colonic transit time and anorectal manometry were performed before and after treatment. RESULTS： Responder rate was 54.5% in the constipated group. The mean CSBM increased after treatment （2.2±2.6 vs 4.4± 4.6, P = 0.013）. There was also improvement in the scores for bothersomeness of constipation （P = 0.02）, and satisfaction of bowel habit （P = 0.001）, and decreased in days of laxative used （P = 0.003）. There was also improvement in transit time （P = 0.003） and rectal sensation （P 〈 0.05）. However, there was no change in the bowel symptoms or anorectal physiology in the healthy subjects. CONCLUSION： Increasing dietary fiber intake is effective in relieving chronic constipation in Chinese population.
