猪粪再生饲料的研究与开发

节约型养猪是发展我国养猪业的必由之路。就猪粪再生饲料的意义,加工方法和利用效果加以叙述。这项工作的推广将显著提高粮食饲料循环利用的效率,有利于环境保护与可持续发展。

福建省规模化猪场饲料和猪粪中重金属砷含量测定初报

采用氢化物原子荧光光度法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对福建省不同地区56个不同规模养猪场的104份饲料与56份猪粪中重金属砷(As)的含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明:104份饲料中有12份样品检测As含量超标(>2mg/kg),超标率为11.54%,其中以漳州地区猪场饲料中As污染最为严重;不同规模猪场饲料和不同类型的饲料中As含量的超标率也存在差异,其中以小规模猪场饲料和小猪料的As含量超标最为严重,分别为13.79%和17.39%。在12份饲料超标样品中,有9份使用省外添加剂来源配制饲料,省外添加剂来源配制饲料As含量超标率为21.95%(9/41)。56份猪粪仅在龙岩一处中规模猪场检测超标,砷含量为102.4mg/kg,大于参考标准值30mg/kg,超标率仅为1.79%。

如何合理利用动物粪便饲料

一、鸡粪饲料鸡粪是质优价廉的蛋白补充料,据测定,干粪中含粗蛋白质15%～30%、粗脂肪2.4%、粗纤维10%～16%、无氮浸出物30%、钙5.6%、亚油酸1%、各种氨基酸8%～10%。1.加工方法 (1)烘干:取鲜鸡粪摊于水泥地面上,自然风干晾晒,研粉饲用。(2)发酵:在鸡粪中加米糠、麸皮和草粉等,加适量水,放入缸、窖或塑料袋内,压紧封严,发酵3～5天即可饲用。(3)青贮:取鸡粪60%、秸秆粉30%、麸皮10%混匀,保持湿度60%,装窖青贮30～50天。(4)化学处理:在半干鸡粪中加0.5%～1%硫酸或0.5%甲醛液,风干粉碎后装袋备用。

重金属在猪饲料-粪污-沼液中的变化特征

畜禽养殖使用饲料中普遍添加了含有重金属的添加剂,畜禽对重金属的利用率低,绝大部分残留于粪便中,对生态环境和人类健康存在潜在风险。调查分析了太湖流域西岸区域养猪场饲料、猪粪和沼气化的沼渣和沼液9种重金属(Cr,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Pb),研究结果表明,猪饲料和猪粪中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和As重金属均超标严重,猪大小不同,使得猪饲料和猪粪中重金属含量差异较大。沼液中Cu,Zn,As含量分别为3.37,34.49,0.36mg/L,均严重超标,沼渣中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和Ni,分别达到1 348.20,10 525.03,1 254.45,57.36和1 043.99mg/kg,均也严重超标,沼气化工程后除了Pb,Cd和Co外,其他6种重金属可溶态含量都增大,因此沼肥均不宜直接施用农田,需通过相应处理实现沼肥安全农用。

动物粪便做饲料

猪粪饲料 1．烘干。取健康猪的粪便晾干备用。2．发酵。在猪粪中加0．5％的石灰水。夏季发酵3-5天，冬季发酵15～20天，春秋季发酵5-10天。3．添加量。在育肥猪的日粮中添加30％的猪粪，猪只平均日增重达0．56公斤，同比提高15％。

Effects of Feed Fermentation on Chemical Fractionation of Trace Elements in Feed and Pig Manure and Skatole Content in Pig Manure

[Objective] This study aimed to promote the combination of cultivation and livestock farming, and to explore an environment-protecting farming style. [Method]The effects of anaerobically fermented complete compound sow feed, added with Lactobacillus and Bacillus subtilis, on the chemical fractionation of copper, iron, zinc and manganese in feed and pig manure and skatole content in pig manure were investigated. [Result] Compared with those in the non-fermented feed, in the fermented feed and pig manure, the acetic acid-extractable copper, iron, zinc and manganese contents increased significantly（P0.05）, the reduced copper and iron contents increased significantly（P 0.05）, the oxidized copper and iron contents reduced significantly（P0.05）, and the residual copper contents remained unchangeable（P0.05）. The pH value of fermented feed decreased significantly（P0.05）, and that of pig manure increased significantly（P0.05）. The skatole content in pig manure decreased significantly（P 0.01）. The Lactobacillus abundance and amylase and cellulase activity increased significantly（P 0.05）. [Conclusion] The fermentation of feed changed the chemical fractionation of copper, iron, zinc and manganese in feed and pig manure, and reduced the manure odor.