[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the effects of rosiglitazone and serum on the expressions of PPARα and PPARγ genes in the induced differentiation process of pig preadipocyte.[Method] The pig preadipocyte w...[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the effects of rosiglitazone and serum on the expressions of PPARα and PPARγ genes in the induced differentiation process of pig preadipocyte.[Method] The pig preadipocyte was separated by using the collagenase digestion method.Three kinds of different differentiation culture solutions were used to induce the differentiation of pig preadipocyte.The oil red O staining extraction method was used to contrast the influences of different differentiation culture solutions on the variation of cellular fat content in the differentiation process.Moreover,the variation trends of PPARα and PPARγ expressions in the cellular differentiation process in the different differentiation culture solutions were detected by the real-time quantification PCR.[Result] The cellular fat accumulation was the fastest in MII which contained rosiglitazone and was the slowest in MI which didn't contain rosiglitazone.Rosiglitazone could significantly increase the expression of PPARγ gene(P0.01),but had the certain inhibition effect on the expression of PPARα gene,which wasn't significant.The serum had the extremely significant up-regulation effect on the expression of PPARγ gene(P0.01),but had the extremely significant down-regulation effect on the expression of PPARα gene(P0.01).[Conclusion] Rosiglitazone could greatly promote the expression of PPARγ gene,which increased the cellular fat deposition.Maybe the activator of PPARγ gene existed in the serum,and the inhibitor of PPARα gene existed simultaneously.展开更多
In this review, the carcass, meat quality, internal organs, basic nutrition component, amino acids (AAs), fatty acids, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and mus- cle fiber of Tibetan swine were summarized for the first ...In this review, the carcass, meat quality, internal organs, basic nutrition component, amino acids (AAs), fatty acids, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and mus- cle fiber of Tibetan swine were summarized for the first time. The formation mecha- nism of excellent features was analyzed from the aspects of physiological traits, ge- ographical environments and constraint reasons. Thereby, the outstanding features of Tibetan swine could be extended continuously, and the poor characteristics should be improved in the future.展开更多
[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the major genes affecting intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition. [Method] Taking 383 pigs from five breeds including Mashen Pig, Large...[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the major genes affecting intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition. [Method] Taking 383 pigs from five breeds including Mashen Pig, Large White Pig, Landrace, Duroc and Shanxi White Pig as the experimental animals, polymorphisms of partial fragments in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene were detected by PCR-SSCP method, and then the polymorphic fragments were sequenced. [ Result] Two alleles, designated as A and B, were found at the locus 346 in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene, and the mutation was caused by a A→G substitution. [ Conclusion] A polymorphic locus was discovered in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene in this experiment, laying a foundation for the further study on the relationship between H-FABP gene and IMF content.展开更多
Intramuscular fat (IMF), an important flavor precursor of porcine meat, is closely related to pork quality traits such as pH, color, tenderness, water-holding capacity (WHC) and juiciness, and thus is one of the i...Intramuscular fat (IMF), an important flavor precursor of porcine meat, is closely related to pork quality traits such as pH, color, tenderness, water-holding capacity (WHC) and juiciness, and thus is one of the important factors affecting pork quality. Pork IMF content is not only associated with swine breed on heredity, but also influenced by the alteration of nutrients in diet. These may give a possibility for researchers to improve the IMF content and pork quality by their work on swine breed or heredity, and nutrition regulation in diet. Therefore, this article summarizes the effects of swine breed and nutrition regulation on IMF content briefly to provide some information for future researches.展开更多
Transesterification between methyl-butyrate and 1-butanol in nonaqueous systems was catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase which was immobilized on cross- linked polystyrene. Organic solvents, substrate concentration,...Transesterification between methyl-butyrate and 1-butanol in nonaqueous systems was catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase which was immobilized on cross- linked polystyrene. Organic solvents, substrate concentration, contents of water and other parameters which affect the immobilized enzyme activity were studied. Lipase immobilized on hydrophobic crosslinked polystyrene can reduce its diffusion limit in the reaction. It was found that the activity of immobilized lipase in organic systems was two times as high as that of free lipase.展开更多
The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) determined from a previous study was used to determine the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in pig digesta using the model developed for rum...The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) determined from a previous study was used to determine the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in pig digesta using the model developed for ruminant animals. Digesta from the stomach, cecum and colon of pigs (n = 3 dietl) were used for the determination of VFA. The pigs were fed either a low fiber diet (LFD; 8.3% aNDF) as control, or one of the high-fiber diets (HFD, 22.4% aNDF; D1, D2 and D3) containing 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1, oats to barley ratios, respectively. Results indicated that the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in pigs fed HFD were, on the average, 25.8 and 24.2%, respectively lower (P 〈 0.05) than pigs fed LFD. Pigs fed the highest oat to barley ratio also showed higher (P 〈 0.05) levels of CO2, (8.3%) and CH4 (5.1%), compared to the average of the two lower ratios (CO2, 5.3% and CH4, 3.3%). Molar proportions of VFA, CO2 and CH4 in the gut were in the order of VFA 〉 CO2 〉 CH4, at 53.0%, 28.6% and 18.4%, respectively, and CO2 and CH4 combined represented 47% of total gas.展开更多
The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector(CIDE)family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less ...The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector(CIDE)family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less information on these genes’expression in pigs.Here,we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts,DLY)and obese(Lantang)pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism.Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue,and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle,whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig.Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mR NA abundance,and hepatic and muscle Cideb mR NA than DLY pigs.Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α(HNF-4α),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α),fatty acid synthase(FASN),diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1(DGAT1),and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs.Lantang pigs exhibited higher mR NA abundance for liver SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,and PGC-1α,and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,PGC-1α,and DGAT2 expression,as compared with DLY pigs.However,the perlipin2 mR NA levels in adipose tissues,liver,and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts.Furthermore,plasma non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA),glucose,and triacylglycerol(TAG)levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs.Finally,data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mR NA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness(BFT),abdominal fat mass(AFM),and the levels of NEFA,TAG,and glucose in the two breeds.Collectively,these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition and obesity in Lantang pigs.展开更多
Porcine mesenchymal stem cells in postnatal muscle have been demonstrated to differentiate into adipocytes. This increases adipocyte number and lipid accumulation, and is thought to be the origin of intramuscular fat....Porcine mesenchymal stem cells in postnatal muscle have been demonstrated to differentiate into adipocytes. This increases adipocyte number and lipid accumulation, and is thought to be the origin of intramuscular fat. In this study, the effects of myostatin and arginine on adipogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells derived from porcine muscle (pMDSCs) were investigated in vitro. Intracellular triglyceride levels were reduced by exogenous myostatin and increased by arginine supplementation or myostatin antibody (P〈0.01). The inhibition of lipid accumulation by rnyostatin in pMDSCs was alleviated by arginine supplementation (P〈0.01). Expression patterns of adipogenic transcription factors showed that exogenous myostatin suppressed PPAR72 and aP2 expression (P〈0.01), while supplemental arginine or myostatin antibody promoted ADD1 expression (P〈0.01). Furthermore, compared with the addition of either myostatin protein or antibody alone, ADD1 and PPARδ expression were promoted by the combination of arginine and myostatin (P〈0.01), and arginine combined with myostatin antibody promoted the expression of ADD1, PPARδ, C/EBPα, PPARγ2 and LPL in pMDSCs (P〈0.05). These results suggest that myostatin inhibits adipogenesis in pMDSCs, and that this can be alleviated by arginine supplementation, at least in part, through promoting ADD1 and PPARδ expression.展开更多
基金Supported by Ministry of Science & Technology International Cooper-ation Project(2011DFB30340)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)the Project of Animal Breeding from Sichuan Bureau of Science & Technology(2006-YZGG-15)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the effects of rosiglitazone and serum on the expressions of PPARα and PPARγ genes in the induced differentiation process of pig preadipocyte.[Method] The pig preadipocyte was separated by using the collagenase digestion method.Three kinds of different differentiation culture solutions were used to induce the differentiation of pig preadipocyte.The oil red O staining extraction method was used to contrast the influences of different differentiation culture solutions on the variation of cellular fat content in the differentiation process.Moreover,the variation trends of PPARα and PPARγ expressions in the cellular differentiation process in the different differentiation culture solutions were detected by the real-time quantification PCR.[Result] The cellular fat accumulation was the fastest in MII which contained rosiglitazone and was the slowest in MI which didn't contain rosiglitazone.Rosiglitazone could significantly increase the expression of PPARγ gene(P0.01),but had the certain inhibition effect on the expression of PPARα gene,which wasn't significant.The serum had the extremely significant up-regulation effect on the expression of PPARγ gene(P0.01),but had the extremely significant down-regulation effect on the expression of PPARα gene(P0.01).[Conclusion] Rosiglitazone could greatly promote the expression of PPARγ gene,which increased the cellular fat deposition.Maybe the activator of PPARγ gene existed in the serum,and the inhibitor of PPARα gene existed simultaneously.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program"Integration and Demonstration of Security Technology for Production-Ecosystem-Life in Key Pastoral Areas"(2012BAD13B00)National Science and Technology Support Program"In-tegration and Demonstration of Optimized Security Technology for Production-Ecosystem-Life in the Pastoral Area of Northwest Sichuan"(2012BAD13B06)~~
文摘In this review, the carcass, meat quality, internal organs, basic nutrition component, amino acids (AAs), fatty acids, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and mus- cle fiber of Tibetan swine were summarized for the first time. The formation mecha- nism of excellent features was analyzed from the aspects of physiological traits, ge- ographical environments and constraint reasons. Thereby, the outstanding features of Tibetan swine could be extended continuously, and the poor characteristics should be improved in the future.
基金Supported by Doctoral Start-up Fund for Scientific Research in North China Coal Medical University (07101168)~~
文摘[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the major genes affecting intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition. [Method] Taking 383 pigs from five breeds including Mashen Pig, Large White Pig, Landrace, Duroc and Shanxi White Pig as the experimental animals, polymorphisms of partial fragments in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene were detected by PCR-SSCP method, and then the polymorphic fragments were sequenced. [ Result] Two alleles, designated as A and B, were found at the locus 346 in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene, and the mutation was caused by a A→G substitution. [ Conclusion] A polymorphic locus was discovered in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene in this experiment, laying a foundation for the further study on the relationship between H-FABP gene and IMF content.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Bureau of Aquatic Products and Animal Husbandry(GYMK201452035 and GYMK1304510)~~
文摘Intramuscular fat (IMF), an important flavor precursor of porcine meat, is closely related to pork quality traits such as pH, color, tenderness, water-holding capacity (WHC) and juiciness, and thus is one of the important factors affecting pork quality. Pork IMF content is not only associated with swine breed on heredity, but also influenced by the alteration of nutrients in diet. These may give a possibility for researchers to improve the IMF content and pork quality by their work on swine breed or heredity, and nutrition regulation in diet. Therefore, this article summarizes the effects of swine breed and nutrition regulation on IMF content briefly to provide some information for future researches.
文摘Transesterification between methyl-butyrate and 1-butanol in nonaqueous systems was catalyzed by porcine pancreatic lipase which was immobilized on cross- linked polystyrene. Organic solvents, substrate concentration, contents of water and other parameters which affect the immobilized enzyme activity were studied. Lipase immobilized on hydrophobic crosslinked polystyrene can reduce its diffusion limit in the reaction. It was found that the activity of immobilized lipase in organic systems was two times as high as that of free lipase.
文摘The concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) determined from a previous study was used to determine the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in pig digesta using the model developed for ruminant animals. Digesta from the stomach, cecum and colon of pigs (n = 3 dietl) were used for the determination of VFA. The pigs were fed either a low fiber diet (LFD; 8.3% aNDF) as control, or one of the high-fiber diets (HFD, 22.4% aNDF; D1, D2 and D3) containing 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1, oats to barley ratios, respectively. Results indicated that the concentrations of CO2 and CH4 in pigs fed HFD were, on the average, 25.8 and 24.2%, respectively lower (P 〈 0.05) than pigs fed LFD. Pigs fed the highest oat to barley ratio also showed higher (P 〈 0.05) levels of CO2, (8.3%) and CH4 (5.1%), compared to the average of the two lower ratios (CO2, 5.3% and CH4, 3.3%). Molar proportions of VFA, CO2 and CH4 in the gut were in the order of VFA 〉 CO2 〉 CH4, at 53.0%, 28.6% and 18.4%, respectively, and CO2 and CH4 combined represented 47% of total gas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31402086)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program(973)of China(Nos.2013CB127301 and 2013CB127304)the Guangdong International Science and Technology Cooperation Program(No.2014A050503049)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(No.2016A020210041),China
文摘The expression of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factorα-like effector(CIDE)family including Cidea,Cideb,and Cidec was significantly increased in mouse and human models of obesity.However,there was less information on these genes’expression in pigs.Here,we hypothesized that different fat accumulation between lean(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire gilts,DLY)and obese(Lantang)pigs was attributed to porcine CIDE-modulating lipid metabolism.Our data showed that Cidea and Cidec were expressed at a high level in adipose tissue,and at a relatively high level in skeletal muscle,whereas Cideb was mainly expressed in the liver in both breeds of pig.Lantang pigs had higher white adipose and skeletal muscle Cidea and Cidec mR NA abundance,and hepatic and muscle Cideb mR NA than DLY pigs.Lipid metabolism-related genes including sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α(HNF-4α),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α(PGC-1α),fatty acid synthase(FASN),diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1(DGAT1),and DGAT2 showed a higher expression level in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from lean pigs.Lantang pigs exhibited higher mR NA abundance for liver SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,and PGC-1α,and higher skeletal muscle SREBP-1c,HNF-4α,PGC-1α,and DGAT2 expression,as compared with DLY pigs.However,the perlipin2 mR NA levels in adipose tissues,liver,and skeletal muscle were significantly lower in obese pigs than in their lean counterparts.Furthermore,plasma non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA),glucose,and triacylglycerol(TAG)levels were greater in obese pigs than in lean pigs.Finally,data from correlation analysis further found that CIDE mR NA expression was positively correlated with back fat thickness(BFT),abdominal fat mass(AFM),and the levels of NEFA,TAG,and glucose in the two breeds.Collectively,these data revealed that the porcine CIDEs possibly modulated lipid metabolism and contributed to the development of fat deposition and obesity in Lantang pigs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30972119)
文摘Porcine mesenchymal stem cells in postnatal muscle have been demonstrated to differentiate into adipocytes. This increases adipocyte number and lipid accumulation, and is thought to be the origin of intramuscular fat. In this study, the effects of myostatin and arginine on adipogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells derived from porcine muscle (pMDSCs) were investigated in vitro. Intracellular triglyceride levels were reduced by exogenous myostatin and increased by arginine supplementation or myostatin antibody (P〈0.01). The inhibition of lipid accumulation by rnyostatin in pMDSCs was alleviated by arginine supplementation (P〈0.01). Expression patterns of adipogenic transcription factors showed that exogenous myostatin suppressed PPAR72 and aP2 expression (P〈0.01), while supplemental arginine or myostatin antibody promoted ADD1 expression (P〈0.01). Furthermore, compared with the addition of either myostatin protein or antibody alone, ADD1 and PPARδ expression were promoted by the combination of arginine and myostatin (P〈0.01), and arginine combined with myostatin antibody promoted the expression of ADD1, PPARδ, C/EBPα, PPARγ2 and LPL in pMDSCs (P〈0.05). These results suggest that myostatin inhibits adipogenesis in pMDSCs, and that this can be alleviated by arginine supplementation, at least in part, through promoting ADD1 and PPARδ expression.