小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的麻醉效果观测

目的研究速眠新Ⅱ和戊巴比妥钠联合麻醉法对小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的麻醉效果,探讨小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物安全、可靠的麻醉方法。方法采用速眠新Ⅱ(0.1 ml/kg)肌内注射和3%戊巴比妥钠生理盐水溶液(0.2 ml/kg)静脉注射联合麻醉法对12只小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物进行麻醉,观察动物的基础生理指标、生物反射指标、镇静、镇痛和肌松效果以及麻醉维持时间。结果静脉注射麻醉后15 min内,所有小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的眼睑反射、角膜反射和肛门反射均消失,进入良好的镇静、镇痛和肌松状态,并持续至75 min;诱导期为(6.22±0.84)min,麻醉期为(79.9±3.6)min,苏醒期为(66.1±3.7)min,提供了长达80 min的良好麻醉时间。结论肌内注射速眠新Ⅱ和静脉注射戊巴比妥钠联合麻醉法应用于小型猪腹壁拉链模型动物的麻醉,具有操作简便、镇静、镇痛、肌松效果好、用药量小、安全可靠等优点,是一种较为理想的麻醉方法。

猪腹疝的诊治

猪的腹疝,以脐疝和腹股沟阴囊疝较为多见。脐疝是肠管或网膜通过闭锁不全的脐孔而脱至皮下。腹股沟阴囊疝多是肠管通过被扩大的腹股沟管而脱至阴囊内。猪发生腹疝可影响其生长发育,降低产品质量,有时会引起死亡,给养猪业带来一定的经济损失。

基于改进遗传算法与机器视觉的工业机器人猪腹剖切轨迹规划

以猪肉生产线为研究背景,对猪腹剖切工位的自动化改造进行了研究.自动化剖切系统的组成包括6自由度工业机器人、定制工具、PC、摄像机以及悬挂支架等.通过对工业机器人工具坐标系、用户坐标系以及摄像机的标定,建立起"手-目标-眼"之间的空间位姿关系.特征识别算法可以将猪腹轮廓曲线从图像中提取出来并用五次样条曲线对其进行拟合.结合猪腹膜腔生物特征和改进的遗传算法(GA)对样条曲线进行分段轨迹规划.最终将轨迹规划结果按照空间位姿关系转换到笛卡儿空间进行编程.实验目的是利用所推荐的方法高效地将猪腹剖开且不损坏脏腹膜,便于酮体与内脏的后续处理.实验结果表明,工业机器人猪腹剖切方法在切割质量与效率上超越了手工切割,可以满足猪肉生产线要求.

基于点云聚类与PCA的机器人猪腹剖切方法

针对国内屠宰生产线猪腹剖切环节劳动强度大、卫生环境差、作业效率低、人工成本高等问题,提出了一种机器人猪腹剖切方法.通过工业激光传感器采集猪胴体表面三维点云,采用深度截断和统计滤波对胴体点云进行预处理,基于欧式距离对预处理后的猪胴体点云进行聚类分割,得到单个猪胴体的点云数据;基于主成分分析(PCA)算法计算猪胴体点云的特征向量及对称平面,并将合适的距离范围内的点集投影到对称平面,再从投影点集中框选剖切范围,并对剖切范围内的点集进行离散化,得到猪腹剖切轨迹点,指导机器人完成剖切.实验结果表明:该猪腹剖切方法在切割质量和切割效率上优于人工切割,基本满足猪肉生产线要求.

手术治疗猪腹壁疝的方法与效果

本文主要介绍了猪腹壁疝的诊断和手术治疗方法,并对疝的发病类型和原因以及笔者的手术经验和体会进行了讨论。

冬季猪流行性腹泻综合防治的几点建议

冬季猪流行性腹泻是冠状病毒引起的一种高度接触性传染疾病,以腹泻和严重脱水为主要特征,进入冬季后发病率逐渐增加,俗称季节性拉称病。新生仔猪感染后严重脱水,个别有脱肛现象,死亡率接近100%,因此应当引起高度重视,并加以预防与控制。

猪不同部位皮肤与人体皮肤对药物渗透性的比较

以苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲硝唑为模型药物，对猪耳和猪腹部皮肤进行体外药物渗透实验，在相同条件下与正常人体皮肤进行了渗透性差别的比较研究。结果表明：猪耳和猪腹部皮肤与人体皮肤对药物渗透性具有相似性，特别是猪耳皮肤对药物体外透皮实验是个有价值的动物模型。

猪肺疫与猪附红细胞病继发感染治疗

猪肺疫又被称为猪巴氏杆菌病,是由致病性巴氏杆菌感染引发的一种急性呼吸道疾病,具有很高发病率和致死率。该种传染性疾病可以危害不同年龄、不同性别、不同品种的猪,一年四季均可发生,但以每年早春和晚秋季节发病率最高。猪附红细胞体病又被称为附红体、血虫病或红皮病,是由血液原虫所引发的一种以贫血、黄疸、发热为主要症状的体内寄生虫病。猪肺疫和猪附红细胞体病混合感染给疾病诊断工作带来很大难度。该文主要结合一个养殖场的实际发病经过,分析猪肺疫与猪附红细胞体病继发感染的治疗过程。

Histological Effects of Guchangcuzhang Powder on Parenchymatous Organs in Experimental Piglets with Spleen Weakness

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the histological effects of Guchangcuzhang powder on the parenchymatous organs in experiment piglets with spleen weakness. [Method] For the 12 healthy piglets, 0.5 ml of reserpine was injected at their jugular muscle once every day for 10 days. Afterwards, the 12 piglets with diarrhea were divided into two groups, namely the Guchangcuzhang powder group and the control group, six in each. In the former group, 6 g of Guchangcuzhang powder was brewed with 20 ml of boiling water and then the piglets were drenched with the medication solution for 7 d once every day; in the latter group, each piglet was drenched with 20 ml of normal saline once every day for 7 d. On two and eight days after the drug discontinuance respectively, three piglets were selected from each of the group and killed by bloodletting from the jugular vein. Afterwards, paraffin sections of heart, liver, lungs and kidney was made and then stained respectively, followed by observation of the histological changes.[Result] The histological structure of each parenchymatous organ in piglets drenched with Guchangcuzhang powder restored or approached to normal. [Conlusion]Guchangcuzhang powder has a good therapeutic against diarrhea in piglets.

Histological Effects of Guchangcuzhang Powder on Intestine and Spleen in Experimental Piglets with Spleen Weakness

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the histological effects of Guchangcuzhang powder on intestine and spleen in experiment piglets with spleen weakness.[Method] The 12 piglets with diarrhea were divided into two groups,namely the Guchangcuzhang powder group and the control group,six in each.On two and eight days after the drug discontinuance respectively,three piglets were selected from each of the group and killed by bloodletting from the jugular vein.Afterwards,paraffin sections of intestine and spleen were made and stained by HE staining solution,followed by observation of the histological changes.[Result] The structures of intestine and spleen in piglets drenched with Guchangcuzhang powder restored or approachedto normal.[Conlusion] Guchangcuzhang powder has the function of healing piglet diarrhea.

Piglet Diarrhea and Technology Transfers to Prevent E. coli Infection at Small-Holder Pig Farms in Binh Dinh, Vietnam

The study aims at finding alternative interventions for the prevention ofE. coli infection in piglets so as to boost farmers＇ benefits and improve environment in the area. Data were collected from one experimental group consisting of 210 small pig holder farms and one control group of 70 farms. All of 280 litters and sows were analyzed and the techniques of early vaccination at 60-80 d of pregnant （time 1） were applied and repeated after 10 d with E. coli vaccine to produce antibodies through milk. The percentage of piglets with diarrhea caused by E. coli significantly decreased from 75.7% to 18.9%. Injection of E. coli vaccine for the pregnant sows created antibodies for young piglets through colostrums. The treatment of E. coli cost 45,420 Vietnam Dong （VND） per litter in the experimental group and that was 156,000 VND/litter in the control group. Use of betel-bokashi （bio-product as plant antibiotics and Lactobacillus） to treat piglet diarrhea was proved safe and effective. Litter size and average weight at birth and weaning were improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）. The average weaned weight of piglets and sows were 11.2 kg and 118.6 kg in the experimental group, compared to 9.4 kg and 89.9 kg in the control group, respectively. Piglets in the experimental group had good health, no diarrhea and a shorter weaning time （2 d） and mating interval 2.22 days earlier than those in the control group. The average profit of 210 households was significantly higher in the experiment group： feed-cost was much lower than that in the control group. Small-holder farms implementing the experiments of applying the techniques received more financial profit, which was 1,502,000 VND per year per sow, while those who did not apply the techniques gained only 223,000 VND per year per sow.

Cloning the Structure Genes and Expression the N Gene of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus DX

The structure genes spike(S) ,nucleocapsid(N) ,membrane(M) ,small membrane(sM) of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) strain DX isolated in Gansu province,North-west of China,were cloned,sequenced and compared with published sequences of PEDV strains. The nucleotide sequences encoding the entire S,sM,M and N genes open reading frame(ORF) of DX were 4 152,231,681 and 1 326 bases long respectively. There were transcription regulatory sequences(TRSs) upstream of the initiator ATG of the S,N and M genes. The amino acids sequences of S,M and N contained 30,3 and 7 potential asparagine(N) -linked glycosylation sites. Homologous analysis and phylogenetic trees showed that DX had the closest relationship with strains LJB/06,JS-2004-2Z and CH/HLJH/06 that were also isolated from China and indicated the prevalence of some PEDV isolates in China were widespread since the JS-2004-2Z strain originated from the south of the China,and LJB/06 and CH/HLJH/06 were isolated from northeast China. The N gene was cloned using two primers which contained Nco I and BamH I restriction enzyme sites and subcloned into expression vector pET30a. The recombinant plasmid was then transformed into E.coli Rossta. SDS-PAGE showed there was a protein of about 55kDa as expected and Western blot indicated the N protein had biological activity.

Is laparoscopy equal to laparotomy in detecting and treating small bowel injuries in a porcine model?

AIM: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopy compared with laparotomy for diagnosing and treating small bowel injuries (SBIs) in a porcine model. METHODS: Twenty-eight female pigs were anesthetized and laid in the left recumbent position. The SBI model was established by shooting at the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. The pigs were then randomized into either the laparotomy group or the laparoscopy group. All pigs underwent routine exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy to evaluate the abdominal injuries, particularly the types, sites, and numbers of SBIs. Traditional open surgery or therapeutic laparoscopy was then performed. All pigs were kept alive within the observational period (postoperative 72 h). The postoperative recovery of each pig was carefully observed. RESULTS: The vital signs of all pigs were stable within 1-2 h after shooting and none of the pigs died from gunshot wounds or SBIs immediately. The SBI model was successfully established in all pigs and definitively diagnosed with single or multiple SBIs either by exploratory laparotomy or laparoscopy. Compared with exploratory laparotomy, laparoscopy took a significantly longer time for diagnosis (41.27 ± 12.04 min vs 27.64 ± 13.32 min, P = 0.02), but the time for therapeutic laparoscopy was similar to that of open surgery. The length of incision was significantly reduced in the laparoscopy group compared with the laparotomy group (5.27 ± 1.86 cm vs 15.73 ± 1.06 cm, P < 0.01). In the final post-mortem examination 72 h after surgery, both laparotomy and laparoscopy offered a definitive diagnosis with no missed injuries. Postoperative complications occurred in four cases (three following laparotomy and one following laparoscopy, P = 0.326). The average recovery period for bowel function, vital appearance, and food re-intake after laparoscopy was 10.36 ± 4.72 h, 14.91 ± 3.14 h, and 15.00 ± 7.11 h, respectively. All of these were significantly shorter than after laparotomy (21.27 ± 10.17 h, P = 0.004; 27.82 ± 9.61 h, P < 0.001; and 24.55 ± 9.72 h, respectively, P = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Compared with laparotomy, laparoscopy offers equivalent efficacy for diagnosing and treating SBIs, and reduces postoperative complications as well as recovery period.

Effects of Encapsulated Compound Acidifiers on Growth Performance in Weaning Piglets

This study was conducted to study the effects of the addition of encapsulated and non-encapsulated compound acidifiers （in a diet based on corn-soybean meal-extruded soybean） on growth performance and incidence of diarrhea in weaning piglets. Sixty-four 28-day-old, crossbred piglets （Landrace × Large White）, weighing an average of 7.004- 0.10 kg, were randomly assigned to four treatments with four replicates per pen, according to the single-factor design principle. The feeding trial lasted for 35 days. The results showed that, when compared to non-encapsulated acidifiers, encapsulated compound acidifiers not only improved the average daily gain and the feed efficiency （P 〈 0.01）, but also reduced the incidence of diarrhea. However, the addition of encapsulated compound acidifiers in piglet diets had no significant effect on the average daily food intake （P〉0.05）. These results indicated that the encapsulated compound acidifiers enhanced the intestinal adaptation, and subsequently improved the growth performance and reduced the incidence of diarrhea in weaning piglets.

A Highly Pathogenic Strain of Porcine Deltacoronavirus Caused Watery Diarrhea in Newborn Piglets

Porcine deltacoronavirus(PDCoV) is a newly identified virus that causes watery diarrhea in newborn piglets and results in significant economic losses to the pig industry. Since first reported in Hong Kong in 2012, PDCoV has been subsequently detected in USA, South Korea, Thailand, and China's Mainland. Here we isolated a strain of PDCoV, named CHN-GD-2016,from the intestinal content of a diseased newborn piglet with severe diarrhea in a pig farm in Guangdong, China. PDCoV CHN-GD-2016 could be identified by immunofluorescence with PDCoV specific rabbit antisera, and typical crown-shaped particles with spiky surface projections of this PDCoV were observed with electron microscopy. Genomic analysis showed that the PDCoV CHN-GD-2016 was closely related to other Chinese PDCoV strains, with the highest sequence similarity with the strain CHN/Tianjin/2016. Importantly, inoculation of newborn piglets with 1×10~5 TCID_(50) of CHN-GD-2016 by oral feeding successfully reproduced clear clinical symptoms, including vomiting, dehydration, and severe diarrhea in piglets. In addition, the virus RNA in rectal swabs from 1 to 7 days post inoculation was detected, macroscopic and microscopic lesions in small intestine were observed, and viral antigen was also detected in the small intestines with immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the data show in this study confirms that PDCoV is present in Guangdong,China and is highly pathogenic in newborn piglets.

Nucleocapsid protein from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates can antagonize interferon-λ production by blocking the nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus（PEDV） is a highly infectious pathogen that can cause severe diseases in pigs and result in enormous economic losses in the worldwide swine industry. Previous studies revealed that PEDV exhibits an obvious capacity for modulating interferon（IFN） signaling or expression. The newly discovered type III IFN, which plays a crucial role in antiviral immunity, has strong antiviral activity against PEDV proliferation in IPEC-J2 cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PEDV nucleocapsid（N） protein on type III IFN-λ. We found that the N proteins of ten PEDV strains isolated between 2013 and 2017 from different local farms shared high nucleotide identities, while the N protein of the CV777 vaccine strain formed a monophyletic branch in the phylogenetic tree. The N protein of the epidemic strain could antagonize type III IFN, but not type I or type II IFN expression induced by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid（poly（I：C）） in IPEC-J2 cells. Subsequently, we demonstrated that the inhibition of poly（I：C）-induced IFN-λ3 production by PEDV N protein was dependent on the blocking of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB） nuclear translocation. These findings might help increase understanding of the pathogenesis of PEDV and its mechanisms for evading the host immune response.