同簋铭文中的地名与西周的王朝虞官层级结构

西周中晚期的同簋铭文是研究周代虞官的重要材料,铭文中有三处地名:河、虒、玄水。河是黄河的专称,虒地是周人汧渭之会处的一个地名,玄水即后世的汧河的上游地区。铭文“自虒东至于河,厥逆至于玄水”应理解为自虒地出发,沿着渭水向东到达黄河,从以及从虒地向北到达渭水支流汧水的上游地区,这实际上就是周中晚期人们认知中的关中王畿范围。同簋铭文可与四十三年逑鼎、免簠、微鼎铭对读,通过对铭文中虞官职司的空间范围的讨论,可知西周时期王朝虞官系统具有层级性。

Big difference in ^87Sr/ ^86Sr ratios of basalt and basin water： higher ^87Sr/ ^86Sr ratios in plagioclase

We analyzed the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of basaltic rocks and basin water in Xuyi,China,and found a big difference,which may challenge conventional wisdom on the contribution of basalt weathering in end-member analysis.Results of an in-house weathering experiment suggest that rainwater and dust are not responsible for the difference.By isolating the major minerals in basalt,we found that plagioclase has much higher ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios than bulk basalt and basin water,which might explain the difference in ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of basalt and basin water.We inferthatlow-temperaturehydrothermalalteration increased the ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of plagioclase.Future analyses of end-member contribution in a mixed-rock basin should take into account that basin water and plagioclase have higher ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios than basaltic rocks.

《赤水玄珠》美学意蕴探析

从语言之美、意境之美、自然之美和人文之美四方面探析新安医学名著《赤水玄珠》的美学意蕴,《赤水玄珠》用词简洁凝练、真实质朴,讲适度文采且擅于以文载道,可视为“至言不饰”的典范;其书名以玄论珠,将抽象美化为具象美,在“有无”和“虚实”之间营造了朦胧和谐的意境美;其治则治法明白如话,将自然天成的本真之美与法相天地的朴素之美相结合,形成了一套医易相融的独特美学体系;其所论精明其理,以博至约,强调和合贵生,既彰显了作者的君子人格,也体现出其对生命的人文观照。通过分析著者孙一奎于其治学之道中所展现的生命观与价值倾向,体现了孕育于浓厚徽文化氛围中其“如建瓴水,使人解颐”的审美意趣。

Assessment of Diyarbaklr Basalt Aquifer Hydrogeological Analyzed and Obtains Thematic Maps with GIS Geostatistical Analyst Tool

Diyarbaklr basalt aquifer is volcanic-rock aquifers which contain high quality water. It was main resources for Diyarbaklr city center drinking supply up to 2005. Somewhere, basalt aquifer groundwater is still used for irrigation in rural areas of Diyarbaklr city. In the study, Diyarbaklr city center＇s （which is located on the Tigris river basin） basalt aquifer groundwater potentials and hydrogeological features are examined and modeled by using GIS programmer. Firstly, general geological data, meteorological data and general information about natural water sources are collected together, afterwards, logs of well drilled by public institutions and private individuals within the Diyarbaklr city center are analyzed. Static water level, dynamic water level and well pumps yields are classified in these logs. Then, thematic maps produced with the help of Arc Info Professional GIS programmer with geostatistical analyst tool. Groundwater source potential of Diyarbaktr is examined by means of these thematic maps. In hydrogeological research, productivity by aquifer features, water retention capacity and groundwater level data evaluated with geological structure of area are taken into consideration.

Obtain Thematic Maps of Diyarbakir Basalt Aquifer＇s Water Quality Parameters with Using GIS Technique

In this study, groundwater quality and water features of Diyarbakir urban basalt aquifer which contains Baglar, Kayapmar, Sur and Yenisehir residential areas aimed to be determined. At this location, water wells opened for drinking water and irrigation water are used in the agricultural field. Therefore, in the study area, which opened in water samples taken from water wells were examined. It was reformed in the field, water samples were taken from the predrilled water wells. Water wells in the same coordinates are determined by Garmin etrex 30 handheld GPS system. Chemical analysis of water samples taken in the laboratory was made. The wells water＇s pH, Electrical Conductivity （EC） and Dissolved Solids （TDS） features were acquired by Portable Hanna HI 98125 pH/EC/TDS/℃ meter device at the field. At this study, basalt aquifer features are considered, and water quality and water chemical properties were determined in Diyarbakir city centre, pH, EC and TDS values of the water samples taken on site and those water chemical analyses were measured in the laboratory. Then, they were modelled by using ARC INFO 10.2.1 GIS programme and geostatistical analyst extension tool. At the end of this process, thematic map of Diyarbakir＇s basalt aquifer pH, EC and TDS were produced.

Engineering geological classification of the structural planes for hydroelectric projects in Emeishan Basalts

The scale and characteristics of rock mass are important indexes of the rock mass structural plane classification. This paper firstly analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics, the structural plane types （original structural plane, tectonic structural plane and hypergenic structural plane） and the associated features of the Emeishan basalts and then studies the classification schemes of the built hydropower structure planes of different rock areas （the east district, the central district and the west district） in the Emeishan basalt distribution area, Southwest China. Based on the analysis and comparison of the scale and the engineering geological characteristics of the typical structure planes in the basalt hydroelectric Stations, the types of structural planes are used in the first order classification. The secondary order classification is made by considering the impact factors of rock mass quality, e.g., the state of the structural planes, infilling, joint opening, extending length, the grade of weathering and strength. The engineering geological classification for Emeishan basalt is proposed. Because there are no evidences of a large structure presenting in study area, the first-order （Ⅰ） controlling structural planes do not appear in the classification, there only appear Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ grade structural planes influencing the rock-mass quality. According to the different rock-block types in bedding fault zone, the second-grade （Ⅱ） structural planes consisted of bedding fault zone is further classified into Ⅱ1, Ⅱ2 and Ⅱ3. The third-grade （Ⅲ） structural planes constructed by intraformational faulted zones are not subdivided. According to the different characteristics of intrusion, alteration and weathering unloading structural planes, the Ⅳ grade structure plane is divided into Ⅳ1, Ⅳ2 and Ⅳ3. According to the development characteristics of joints and fractures, the V grade structure plane is divided into fracture Ⅴ1 and columnar joint Ⅴ2. In all, the structural planes are classified into four groups with nine subsets. The research proposes the engineering geological classification of the structural plane for the hydropower project in the Emishan basalts, and the result of the study has a potential application in similar regions.

The discovery of Palaeoproterozoic volcanic rocks in the Bulunkuoler Group from the Tianshuihai Massif in Xinjiang of Northwest China and its geological significance

In the Dabudaer region of the Tianshuihai Massif （Xinjiang, Northwest China）, metavolcanic rocks within the mainly meta- sedimentary Bulunkuoler Group are basalt, basaltic andesite, and rhyolite. In situ zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS dating on rhyolite magmatic zircons yielded an age of 2481±14 Ma, interpreted as the eruption age of the Bulunkuoler Group volcanic rocks. The basalt and basaltic andesite are low-A1 tholeiite series and the rhyolite is low-Al calc-alkaline series. All of rocks are charac- terized by enrichment of LREE and LILE （Rb, Th and Ba）, depletion of P, Nb, Ta and Ti, and absence of Eu anomalies. The Cnd（t） of basalts ranges from 3.14 to 4.88 indicating a depleted mantle source. The trace element signatures show that these magmas experienced intense crustal contamination during their ascent. Direct evidence for crustal contamination is the xenocrystic zircons in the ryholite, with ages back to ca. 3300 Ma. The primitive-mantle normalized and Zr/Y-Zr diagrams for the basic volcanic rocks show that they formed in an intra-continental tectonic setting. Combined with the previous studies and compared with North China Craton Neoarchean basic volcanic rocks, it is supposed that the Bulunkuoler Group volcanic rocks reflect the Palaeoproterozoic mantle magma underplating and interaction with felsic crust.

Subaqueous volcanism in the Paleo-Pacific Ocean based on Jurassic basaltic tuff and pillow basalt in the Raohe Complex,NE China

On-land records of subaqueous explosive volcanic eruptions are rarely reported.To understand this phenomenon and discuss its global significance,we studied the geochronology and geochemistry of basaltic tuff and pillow basalt in the Raohe Complex,NE China.The basaltic tuff consists of well-sorted vitreous,crystal(mostly clinopyroxene),and minor lithic fragments.It is characterized by a high Mg O(15.7–15.9%)content and zero Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~*=99–102).The tuff erupted at 172±1 Ma based on SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating,coeval with the previously reported age of the pillow basalt.The pillow basalt has intermediate Mg O content and weakly negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu~*=90–99).Based on immobile trace element discrimination,the basaltic tuff and pillow basalt belong to alkali basalt displaying an OIB-type trace element pattern,and consistent Nd isotope signatures ofε_(Nd)(t)=4.4–6.2,indicating an identical mantle source.The pillow basalt has coupled Sr-Nd isotopic values,whereas the basaltic tuff has significantly higher initial^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr values that are similar to synchronous seawater.This indicates that the elemental exchange between the mantle-derived material and seawater most likely occurred in a subaqueous explosive volcanic eruption,rather than in an effusive eruption.Detailed calculations suggest that the high efficiency of the Sr-isotope exchange between seawater and the mantle-derived material triggered by a subaqueous explosive volcanic eruption is likely one of the main reasons for the rapid decrease of the global seawater^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr value.

Bio-Fertilizer,Ground Magnesium Limestone and Basalt Applications May Improve Chemical Properties of Malaysian Acid Sulfate Soils and Rice Growth

Acid sulfate soils are normally not suitable for crop production unless they are appropriately ameliorated. An experiment was conducted in a glasshouse to enhance the growth of rice, variety MR219, planted on an acid sulfate soil using various soil amendments.The soil was collected from Semerak, Kelantan, Malaysia. Ground magnesium limestone(GML), bio-fertilizer, and basalt(each 4t ha-1) were added either alone or in combinations into the soil in pots 15 d before transplanting. Nitrogen, P and potash were applied at 150, 30, and 60 kg ha-1, respectively. Three seven-day-old rice seedlings were transplanted into each pot. The soil had a p H of 3.8 and contained organic C of 21 g kg-1, N of 1.2 g kg-1, available P of 192 mg kg-1, exchangeable K of 0.05 cmol c kg-1,and exchangeable Al of 4.30 cmol c kg-1, with low amounts of exchangeable Ca and Mg(0.60 and 0.70 cmol c kg-1). Bio-fertilizer treatment in combination with GML resulted in the highest p H of 5.4. The presence of high Al or Fe concentrations in the control soil without amendment severely affected the growth of rice. At 60 d of growth, higher plant heights, tiller numbers and leaf chlorophyll contents were obtained when the bio-fertilizer was applied individually or in combination with GML compared to the control. The presence of beneficial bacteria in bio-fertilizer might produce phytohormones and organic acids that could enhance plant growth and subsequently increase nutrient uptake by rice. Hence, it can be concluded that addition of bio-fertilizer and GML improved rice growth by increasing soil p H which consequently eliminated Al and/or Fe toxicity prevalent in the acid sulfate soil.