率水河大鲵放流效果及影响因素分析

为评估率水河黄山种群大鲵(Andrias davidianus)人工增殖放流效果,探究制约放流效果的主要影响因子,为调整增殖放流方案提供依据,2011-2016年对24个放流点的放流情况、河段特征、水质、水文、饵料生物、管护措施和人类干扰因素进行连续跟踪监测。结果显示,24个放流点有11处放流成功、5处有效、8处失败,率水河大鲵已开始形成自然繁殖种群,资源总量持续增长。各放流点生境基本相同,河床由基岩、砾石和粗砂组成,河道中建有多级灌溉碣坝和电站拦河坝,水深0.3~2.1 m,流速0.12~0.96 m/s,一年中绝大部分时间达到Ⅰ类地表水标准(GB3838-2002)。河岸为基岩、砂砾、干垒块石、浆砌块石、混凝土、钢丝石笼等结构,岸坡30~85°,土质大鲵洞穴开口隐蔽于沿岸石缝或杨树根须中,沿岸植被主要有杨树、毛竹、茶园、常绿混交林夹杂灌木丛等类型,盖度均大于95%。研究表明,率水河大鲵放流效果主要受放流季节、放流点附近有无支流、管护措施、水工建筑等因子影响;最佳放流时间为9月末至12月初,地点应选择在有较长支流的河口附近,有高大杨树或有较多缝隙的石质、砾石质岸堤河段,以分散投放18~30 cm规格的2龄苗种为宜。建议拆除部分拦河坝,将混凝土和石笼护岸逐步改造成适宜大鲵生存的干垒块石护岸,对放流苗种和野生种群进行基因检测,植入电子标签开展标志放流,防止外来基因污染。

用蒙特卡罗模拟法推求工程设计流量

以P-Ⅲ型线型分布,采用蒙特卡罗模拟法,推求新安江率水河大桥工程设计流量,经与其他计算方法比较,成果合理,为有效的工程设计洪水方法之一。

Responses of Filtration Rate of Freshwater Mussel Anodonta woodiana to Ambient Ammonia Concentration

By using one static water system,the filtration rates of one kind of freshwater mussel Anodonta woodiana with different body weight(accounted by dry weight of soft tissue)were studied under semi-field conditions.During the experiments,the water temperature and the suspended particulate matters concentration were kept relative invariable and there were four ambient ammonia concentration levels.The ambient water ammonia concentration was obtained by the excretion of the freshwater mussel and the accession of ...

Relationships Between River Water Quality and Landscape Factors in Haihe River Basin, China: Implications for Environmental Management

River water plays a key role in human health, and in social and economic development, and is often affected by both natural factors and human activities. An in-depth understanding of the role of these factors can help in developing an effective catchment management strategy to protect precious water resources. This study analyzed river water quality, patterns of terrestrial and riparian ecosystems, intensity of agricultural activities, industrial structure, and spatial distribution of pollutant emissions in the Haihe River Basin in China for the year of 2010, identifying the variables that have the greatest impact on river water quality. The area percentage of farmland in study area, the percentage of natural vegetation cover in the 1000-m riparian zone, rural population density, industrial Gross Domestic Product(GDP)/km^2, and industrial amino nitrogen emissions were all significantly correlated with river water quality(P < 0.05). Farming had the largest impact on river water quality, explaining 43.0% of the water quality variance, followed by the coverage of natural vegetation in the 1000-m riparian zone, which explained 36.2% of the water quality variance. Industrial amino nitrogen emissions intensity and rural population density explained 31.6% and 31.4% of the water quality variance, respectively, while industrial GDP/km^2 explained 26.6%. Together, these five indicators explained 67.3% of the total variance in water quality. Consequently, water environmental management of the Haihe River Basin should focus on adjusting agricultural activities, conserving riparian vegetation, and reducing industrial pollutant emissions by optimizing industrial structure. The results demonstrate how human activities drive the spatial pattern changes of river water quality, and they can provide reference for developing land use guidelines and for prioritizing management practices to maintain stream water quality in a large river basin.

超声波测流方法在引黄济青工程中的应用

1前言 引黄济青工程供水采用计量收费,故供需双方对其计量精度的要求愈来愈高.为此,1990年该局引进美国海洋设备研究公司(ORE)生产的超声波流量计2台,作为向青岛、潍坊2市供水的量水仪器.1994年为解决各分局交接水量的争议,又分别在其输水河的交界处安装了3台同类装置.其中青岛棘洪滩放水洞安装的是管道型,其余为明渠型.

Inversion and Prediction of Consolidation Settlement Characteristics of the Fluvial Sediments Based on Void Ratio Variation in the Northern Modern Yellow River Subaqueous Delta, China

The modern Yellow River delta is formed near the estuary of the Yellow River with the characteristics of short formation time, efficient sedimentation rate and loose structure which make sediments prone to be compacted and consolidate under the geostatic stress and overburden stress. It is one of the key areas with land subsidence disasters in China, bringing a series of safety hazards to production and living. Based on the data of massive surface cores and ten drill holes ranging from 12 to 40 m obtained from the northern modern Yellow River subaqueous delta, the inversion method suitable for the calculation of consolidation settlement characteristics of the modern Yellow River subaqueous delta is discussed, and the consolidation settlement characteristics of the delta sediments are inversed and predicted in this paper. The actual void ratio of the delta sediments at the depth from 3 to 15 m shows a significant power function relationship with the depth, while the void ratio of the sediments below 15 m changes little with depth. The pre-consolidation settlement(from deposition to sampling) of the delta sediments is between 0.91 and 1.96 m, while the consolidation settlement of unit depth is between 9.6 and 14.0 cm m^(-1). The post-consolidation settlement(from sampling to stable) of the subaqueous delta sediments is between 0.65 and 1.56 m in the later stage, and the consolidation settlement of unit depth is between 7.6 and 13.1 cm m^(-1) under the overburden stress. The delta sediments with a buried depth of 3 to 7 m contribute the most to the possible consolidation settlement in the later stage.

Sediment Delivered in the Upper Part of Mosul Using Physical Model

Mosul dam is the biggest hydraulic structure in Iraq located on the River Tigris 60 km northwest of Mosul city. Its storage capacity is 11. 11 × 109 m3 and it had been in operation since 1986. A physical distorted model with movable bed having a vertical scale 1： 100 and a horizontal scale 1：1000 was used to conduct the experiments relating the water level at the reservoir and water discharge upstream the reservoir with the bed load transport rate. The model represents the first 15 km of most northern part of Mosul dam reservoir. The construction of the model was based on bathymetric survey conducted in 2009. Twenty-four experiments were executed using four different discharges （0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 L/s） which represent the average discharges in the flood period of River Tigris. At each individual discharge six operations were assumed where the reservoir＇s water level was 305, 307, 309, 310, 312, 315 meters above sea level respectively. In all the experiments conducted, bedload transport was measured in the physical model at section representing the River Tigris 1 km upstream the reservoir. The results showed that the bedload rate was decreasing when the water level within the reservoir was increasing. It was also evident that bedload transport rate dramatically decreased at level 310 meters above sea level onward. This is due to the fact that at this level represent the effect of backwater which was noticeable on the river cross section

The Utilization of Real-Time High Resolution Monitoring Techniques in Karst Carbon Sequestration:A Case Study of the Station in Banzhai Subterranean Stream Catchment

The karst process acts as carbon sequestration for atmospheric CO_2.The amount of karst carbon sequestration (KCS) depends on the discharge of karst catchment and inorganic carbon concentration of the water body.Based on the data from the monitoring station on Banzhai subterranean stream located in Maolan National Nature Reserve of Guizhou province,the process and influence factors of KCS have been analyzed.It shows that the amount of KCS is about 353 t C per year in the catchment of Banzhai subterranean stream,and there is good linear relationship between the strength of KCS and discharge of the stream at various time scales.Therefore,how to monitor the discharge accurately is the key to the estimation of KCS.And stations with real-time monitoring function are very important for KCS calculation because of strong seasonal variability of the karst water cycle.

Balanced Fertilization and the Effect of Fertilization on Water Use Efficiency of Upland Winter Wheat in Western Henan, China

A study on balanced fertilization was conducted by means of long-term field experiments, and a convenient table for balanced fertilization was compiled. The experimental results about the effect of fertilization on water use efficiency of upland wheat showed that the input of inorganic fertilizer should be reduced in dry years.

Study on the Recurrence Probability of Strong Earthquakes of Faults

Based on the physical model of Brownian passage time,the probabilities of recurrence of strong earthquakes on the major active faults in China are calculated in different predictive time spans,based mainly on the analysis of the earthquake preparation process before a strong earthquake occurs. Furthermore,the seismic risks on active faults are studied. The results show that the earthquake probabilities on the Xianshuihe fault,the Altyn Tagh fault,the east Kunlun fault and Xiaojiang fault are significantly greater than other faults in the Chinese mainland,which indicates that the level of stress accumulation on these faults are higher than on other faults. Therefore,these faults may have a seismic risk for strong earthquake in future.

Fluctuations in the tidal limit of the Yangtze River estuary in the last decade

The tidal limit is the key interface indicating whether water levels will be affected by tidal waves, which is of great significance to navigation safety and regional flood control. Due to limitations in research methods, recent changes in the Yangtze River tidal limit, caused by sea level rise and large-scale engineering projects, urgently need to be studied. In this study,spectrum analysis was undertaken on measured water level data from downstream Yangtze River hydrological stations from2007 to 2016. The bounds of the tidal limit were identified through comparisons between the spectra and red noise curves, and the fluctuation range and characteristics were summarized. The results showed that:(1) During the extremely dry period, when the flow rate at Jiujiang station was about 8440 m3 s-1, the tidal limit was near Jiujiang; whereas during the flood season, when the flow rate at Jiujiang station was about 66700 m3 s-1, the tidal limit was between Zongyang Sluice and Chikou station.(2)From the upper to lower reach, the effect of the Jiujiang flow rate on the tidal limit weakens, while the effect of the Nanjing tidal range increases. The tidal limit fluctuates under similar flow rates and tidal ranges, and the fluctuation range increases with increasing flow rate and decreasing tidal range.(3) With the continued influence of rising sea levels and construction in river basin estuaries, the tidal limit may move further upstream.

Deposition rate and interaction of human-riverine from height increase and permanent function of an 1180 years weir in Southeast China

This paper is to present an efficient approach to enriching the quantification model of human-riverine interactions and its anthropogenic impact by a retrospective study on one of the four most famous historical hydraulic projects in China,the Tuoshan Weir.It was constructed in 833 AD and had trajectories of natural resilience and hydraulic engineering maturity more than thousand years.Extensive historical data and maturation procedure of the hydraulic system were used judiciously to examine the spatial patterns of the long-term water conservancy system with agriculture,urbanization and civilization of Ningbo City in Zhejiang Province,Southeast China.Interaction framework is assessed from historical perspective and the deposition rate(DR)is calculated by analyzing the continuous increase of the Tuoshan Weir height.The results show that the declining DR during the 1180 years guaranteed the beneficial role the Tuoshan Weir played in spite of some negative river responses caused by the increase of sediment deposition and decrease of fresh water-retention capacity.The following up revamped workings and well matured hydraulic system around the Tuoshan Weir also contribute a lot to the designed mission of the weir.We conclude that hydraulic system maturation is very important for the proper function and life span of huge hydraulic projects.