“白菜、糯玉米—稻—蒜苗、芫荽”复种多熟栽培技术

总结了"白菜、糯玉米—稻田—蒜苗、芫荽"复种多熟制高产栽培技术,总结出在不同地区科学合理安排最佳茬口和配置的种植品种,在单位有效面积上获高产、高效、低投入的种植模式,以期为晴隆县农业经济增长提供科学依据。

洞庭湖区稻田发展“一优两高”农业的途径

洞庭湖区稻田发展“一优两高”农业的途径周永和（湖南省益阳市农业局４１３０００）湖南益阳市所辖的６个县市中有５个县市地处洞庭湖区和环湖丘岗区，有稻田２３９．７１５万亩，促进这部分稻田向“高产、优质、高效”方向发展，是加速实现农业现代化和农村经济进一步发...

Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer on Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus from Farmland

[Objective] The aim was to study on effects of controlled release fertilizer on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from farmland. [Method] Experiment was conducted in fields planted with rice and corn around Chao Lake and effects of compound fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer （reduced by 20%） on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus through runoff and leaching were analyzed. [Result] Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus mainly occurred in early stage of fertilizing; loss caused by runoff accounted for over 98% and caused by leaching was lower than 2%, indicating that nutrients of rice and corn mainly lost through runoff. As for controlled release fertilizers with 20% reduced, total loss of N and P decreased by 60% and 63% in rice field and reduced by 27.8% and 34% in corn field, respectively, indicating that controlled release fertilizer would maintain nutrients in soils high in later period of plant growth, improve use efficiency of N and P, reduce N and P loss in rice and corn fields in rainy season, and decrease non-point pollution. [Conclusion] The research suggested that controlled release fertilizer would slow down the loss of nutrients in farmlands, providing scientific references and technological support for extension of controlled release fertilizer and reduction of agricultural non-point pollution.

Comparative Physical Localization of Rice Pib Gene and Its Linked RFLP Markers in Oryza sativa, O. officinalis and Zea mays

Comparative genetic studies have shown that there are widespread synteny and colinearity of the genes among different species within grass family. Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a model plant, and analysis of its genome allows us to reveal the common features and the evolutionary rules of the gramineous genomes and accumulate the data for establishment of a common genetic system in the Poaceae. In this study, a rice gene Pib ( 10.3 kb), a map-based cloned gene, and RFLP markers linked with it are used as the tested probes to investigate their homology and physical location among the tested species. Southern blotting analysis showed that there were sequences homologous to Pib in maize genome. Further, Pib was localized onto the chromosomes of O. sativa ssp. indica cv. Guangluai 4, O. officinalis Wall ex Watt and the inbred line of Zea mays cv. Huangzao 4. The results of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and double-color FISH indicated that a synteny of Pib and RFLP markers linked with Pib existed among the genomes of the three tested species.

Maize (Zea mays L.) and Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Straw Decomposition in Soil: Effect of Straw Placement, Mineral Nitrogen and Tillage

With the present understanding that decomposing straw may not onlyaffect soil properties, but pos- sibly greenhouse gas emissions aswell, focus among environmental researchers has gradually expanded toinclude understanding of decomposition rate and stability of straw ofdifferent plants in different soils under different managementconditions. Against such a background, a short-term (60 days)greenhouse simulation experiment was carried out to study the effectsof straw placement, external mineral N source and tillage on strawdecomposition of maize and cotton in two contrasting soils, a redsoil (Ferrasol) and a black soil (Acrisol).

Milling of wheat, maize and rice: Effects on fibre and lipid content and health

During the last thirty years the main interest in the medical consequences of milling of staple carbohydrate foods, particularly wheat and maize, has been in its effect on the fibre content as a result of the milling. The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the West saw great changes in milling processes, from stone milling using water or wind power, to increasingly sophisticated roller milling, with an

Parameters Effecting on Head Brown Rice Recovery and Energy Consumption of Rubber Roll and Stone Disk Dehusking

Application of improper methods on rice processing affects rice quality and head rice recovery. In Vietnam, paddy with different moisture contents （from 13% to 17%） is dehusked by both rubber roll and stone disk. Thus, objective of this research was to evaluate the technical and economic aspects of the two methods. Optimization was conducted with 20 experiments for input factors （moisture content） and output factors （head brown rice recovery, specific energy consumption）. Besides, other factors were also monitored, such as the gap between the two disks, speed of disk and roll, and pressure of rubber roll on paddy. Test results showed that the maximum value of head brown rice （77.4%） and the minimum value of specific energy consumption （0.66 kWh/ton） corresponding to moisture content of paddy of 13.7% for stone disk dehusker. At similar moisture content （13.7%）, head brown rice recovery and specific energy consumption were 77.2% and 1.04 kWh/ton for rubber roll dehusker, respectively. As the result, specific energy consumption of rubber roll dehusker was higher than that of stone disk dehusker, corresponding to the higher dehusking efficiency.

Maize-rice cropping systems in Bangladesh： Status and research needs

Maize-rice cropping systems are expanding in Bangladesh. Hybrid maize has increasing demand and value, particularly for poultry feed, while rice remains the traditional dominant starch staple food. Bangladesh maize yields （with average farm yields around 5.7 t·ha^-1） are among the highest found in Asia. Cool winter （Rabi） season maize followed by T. Aman （monsoon） rice is the major cropping system; however it is now becoming diversified with many other crops including potato. Financially, hybrid maize is far more profitable than boro （irrigated） rice, wheat, or most other competing winter season Rabi crops. Although maize is relatively problem-free in Bangladesh, some constraints are intensifying with increased concern over input supply and soil-related environmental sustainability. An array of new technologies for sustainable intensive maize production systems is emerging in Bangladesh and some are being promoted and adopted. Continued sustainability of hybrid maize production in Bangladesh depends on optimization of planting time, quality seed of appropriate hybrids, balanced use of nutrient inputs along with soil fertility conservation and other management, for which further research would be high priority.

Climate Influence on Rice, Maize and Wheat Yields and Yield Variability in Nepal

The weather has a significant influence on yield fluctuations in Nepal, particularly for grains. This study examined the effect of seasonal precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures and extreme climatic variables on yield levels and variability of rice, maize and wheat yields. The authors applied a stochastic production function approach as suggested by Just-Pope for panel data at the district level. The estimation results indicated that climate trends in Nepal had a significant influence on crop yield levels and variances in various magnitudes and directions. The results showed an increase in precipitation negatively influenced maize yield levels and positively influenced wheat yield levels; however, a positive influence was found to reduce yield variability in rice and wheat. Similarly, an increase in maximum temperature apparently led to decreased maize and increased wheat yield levels, respectively, and also led to increased yield variability in rice and maize. Likewise, the minimum temperature was helpful to increase yield levels for all crops and to decrease the yield variability in rice and maize. Moreover, the extreme climates such as low precipitation and high maximum temperatures significantly influenced the reduction in yield levels of rice and maize, respectively that could be used to design an index insurance product for Nepal.

Estimation of the Effects of Maize Straw Return on Soil Carbon and Nutrients Using Response Surface Methodology

Straw incorporation is generally considered an effective agricultural management practice that improves nutrient cycling and maintains soil fertility. To study the interactive effects of straw returning factors on soil organic carbon and available nutrients, a17-month(May 6, 2016 to October 6, 2017) experiment was conducted on straw incorporation by using response surface methodology under a three-factor(straw length, amount, and burying depth), five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation experimental design. Weight was assigned to each indicator for soil carbon and nutrients and then a comprehensive indicator was established. Then, a second-order polynomial model of the three straw returning factors was established using response surface methodology. Results indicated that17 months after straw incorporation, straw amount and burying depth had significant effects on the comprehensive indicator of soil carbon and nutrients. Straw length and the interactions of straw amount and burying depth showed no significant effects on the comprehensive indicator of soil carbon and nutrients. It was concluded that 17 months after straw incorporation, the highest value of the comprehensive indicator of soil carbon and nutrients was achieved when the straw length, amount, and burying depth were approximately 17–20 cm, 740–840 g m^(-2), and 9–13 cm, respectively, which can be recommended as the most suitable parameters for use in straw returning in the study area.