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环保水处理技术的应用与发展 被引量:5
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作者 何天刚 《住宅与房地产》 2015年第19期178-,共1页
水资源在经济发展和日常生活中发挥着不可替代的作用,节水环保技术是减少水资源浪费的一种技术。本文着重分析了目前国内企业节水环保技术发展的现状,并针对相关问题提出了解决办法。通过对节水环保技术的实践观察,节水环保技术在企业... 水资源在经济发展和日常生活中发挥着不可替代的作用,节水环保技术是减少水资源浪费的一种技术。本文着重分析了目前国内企业节水环保技术发展的现状,并针对相关问题提出了解决办法。通过对节水环保技术的实践观察,节水环保技术在企业的运用可有效的提高水资源的利用率,从而节约运行成本,符合环保要求。 展开更多
关键词 环保:处理 应用与发展
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Review of wastewater treatment technologies,soil and water conservation measures in nuclear power plants,and inspirations to Fukushima accident
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作者 WANG Chu NIU Jianzhi +2 位作者 LUN Xiaoxiu ZHANG Linus BERNDTSSON Ronny 《中国水土保持科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第6期10-28,193-200,共27页
[Background]The previous studies suggest that radioactive elements like Cs and Sr may adversely affect marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.Traditional treatment systems for radioactive wastewater like the Advan... [Background]The previous studies suggest that radioactive elements like Cs and Sr may adversely affect marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.Traditional treatment systems for radioactive wastewater like the Advanced Liquid Processing System(ALPS)and Kurion have faced challenges in limiting concentration and achieving safety criteria.Studies suggest potential long-term impacts on benthic organisms and seafood networks due to radioactive elements like Cs and Sr from the discharged radioactive wastewater,which may hinder post-disaster recovery and provoke economic losses in the fishing industry both domestically and internationally.A series of studies indicate that there are issues of Cs and Sr pollution migration in soil and water conservation in Fukushima.[Methods]To provide feasible solutions,the main article includes five nuclear wastewater treatment technologies,and soil and water conservation measures for different media(water and soil)were evaluated through reviewing the previous fifteen years'articles.To provide feasible solutions,the main articles,the phytoextraction technologies in Cs and Sr treatment within different land use areas were wildly analyzed(Camellia japonica,Arabidopsis halleri and other local species).[Results]1)A 99.9%removal rate for Cs^(+)and 99.5%for Sr^(2+)was achieved by the KFe[Fe(CN)_(6)]and BaSO_(4)co-precipitation method.2)For membrane filtration,Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)were removed using metal-organic framework(MOF/graphene oxide)and ion exchange techniques using inorganic materials like titanosilicates.The absorption efficiency of membrane filtration for Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)was at least 92%and 94%,respectively.The study analyzed soil and water conservation technologies in different land uses,river basins and catchments.3)The underground water treatment mainly were completed via the membrance technologies like reverse osmosis and Permeable Reactive Barriers(PRB)technologies.The ^(90) Sr concentration decreased 77%-91%compared to the initial concentration by PRB technology.These diverse methods offered effective strategies for radioactive wastewater treatment,especially the co-precipitation method may be feasible remediation measures to ensure ecological safety surrounding nuclear power utilizing areas.Soil and water conservation measures for soil pollution treatment mainly focused on the use of stabilizers to hinder the migration of Cs and Sr in the soil and the effects of wind erosion such as interpolyelectrolyte complexes.[Conclusions]We evaluated the pollution of Cs and Sr in the Fukushima nuclear radiation soil and water to provide solutions for the treatment of nuclear wastewater and to prevent radionuclide pollutants from migrating into the soil and water. 展开更多
关键词 Fukushima nuclear power accident nuclear wastewater treatment environmental strategy soil and water conservation technologies
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Factors affecting ice crystal purity during freeze concentration process for urine treatment 被引量:9
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作者 于涛 马军 张立秋 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2007年第5期593-597,共5页
Freeze concentration has great potential in treating wastewaters containing soluble pollutions. It is important for freeze concentration process to produce ice crystals with large size and high purity. In this work ra... Freeze concentration has great potential in treating wastewaters containing soluble pollutions. It is important for freeze concentration process to produce ice crystals with large size and high purity. In this work raw urines of 4660 -7914 mg/L in COD, 512. 71 -872. 41 mg/L in NH3 -N and 22600 -28800 μs/cm in electric conductivity were studied. Urines were frozen by a digital refrigerated circulator bath. Ice crystals were purified by ice-water steep and vacuum filtration. The COD, NH3 - N, and electric conductivity levels of the melted ices were measured to reflect ice crystal purity. Effects of coolant temperature, ice crystal shape, initial solution temperature, solution concentration, ice seeding, re-crystallization process and crystallization time on ice crystal purity were analyzed. The results show that an appropriate coolant temperature, suspended ice crystals, an initial solution temperature of about 6 ℃, introduction of seed ice, addition of re-crystallization process, and crystallization time of less than 30 min axe in favor of producing ice crystals with high purity. Under such conditions, more than 99 percent of inorganic salts, COD and NH3 - N sources in raw urine could he removed. 展开更多
关键词 freeze concentration wastewater treatment ice crystal URINE
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Pretreatment of coking wastewater using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) 被引量:10
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作者 李冰 孙英兰 李玉瑛 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2005年第11期1115-1123,共9页
A laboratory-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was used to pretreat coking wastewater. Inoculated anaerobic granular biomass was acclimated for 225 d to the coking wastewater, and then the biochemical me... A laboratory-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was used to pretreat coking wastewater. Inoculated anaerobic granular biomass was acclimated for 225 d to the coking wastewater, and then the biochemical methane potential (BMP)of the coking wastewater in the acclimated granular biomass was measured. At the same time, some fundamental technological factors, such as the filling time and the reacting time ratio (tf/tr), the mixing intensity and the intermittent mixing mode, that affect anaerobic pretreatment of coking wastewater with ASBR, were evaluated through orthogonal tests. The COD removal efficiency reached 38%~50% in the stable operation period with the organic loading rate of 0.37~0.54 kg COD/(m3.d) at the optimum conditions of tf/tr, the mixing intensity and the intermittent mixing mode. In addition, the biodegradability of coking wastewater distinctly increased after the pretreatment using ASBR. At the end of the experiment, the microorganism forms on the granulated sludge in the ASBR were observed using SEM (scanning electron microscope) and fluoroscope. The results showed that the dominant microorganism on the granular sludge was Methanosaeta instead of Methanosarcina dominated on the inoculated sludge. 展开更多
关键词 Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) Coking wastewater Anaerobic pre-treatment
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Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment 被引量:3
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作者 官宝红 吴忠标 徐根良 《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》 EI CSCD 2004年第4期441-449,共9页
Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kin... Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kinetics pa-rameters determined from experiment were applied to evaluate the biological treatability of wastewater. Experiments showed that COD removal could be divided into two stages, in which the ratio BOD/COD (B/C) was the key factor for stage division. At the rapid-removal stage with B/C>0.1, COD removal could be described by a zero order reaction. At the mod-erate-removal stage with B/C<0.1, COD removal could be described by a first order reaction. Then Monod equation was introduced to indicate COD removal. The reaction rate constant (K) and half saturation constant (KS) were 0.0208-0.0642 L/(gMLSS)h and 0.44-0.59 (gCOD)/L respectively at 20 C-35 C. Activation energy (Ea) was 6.05104 J/mol. By comparison of kinetic parameters, the biological treatability of TPD wastewater was superior to that of traditional textile wastewater. But COD removal from TPD-wastewater was much more difficult than that from domestic and industrial wastewater, such as papermaking, beer, phenol wastewater, etc. The expected effluent quality strongly related to un-biodegradable COD and kinetics rather than total COD. The results provide useful basis for further scaling up and efficient operation of TPD wastewater treatment. 展开更多
关键词 Process kinetics Aerobically activated sludge COD (chemical oxygen demand) Biological treatability Prin- ting and dyeing wastewater
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Security evaluation of compounded microbial flocculant 被引量:9
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作者 马放 王博 +3 位作者 范春 杨基先 李百祥 刘艳滨 《Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)》 EI CAS 2004年第1期38-42,共5页
A new kind of compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) for water and wastewater treatment has been developed through biological technology. In order to discuss its biological security, four groups of experiments, rat ac... A new kind of compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) for water and wastewater treatment has been developed through biological technology. In order to discuss its biological security, four groups of experiments, rat acute toxicity test via mouth, salmonella assay in vitro, mouse micronucleus in vivo test and teratogenesis test were conducted to evaluate its general toxicity, genotoxicity and generative toxicity. The experimental results showed that this type of compounded microbial flocculant was a substantial non-toxic substance based on the fact that LD50 value was over 10 mg/kg. The results from salmonella in vivo test and mouse micronucleus in vivo test revealed that the compounded microbial flocculant is a genetically non-toxic substance. Furthermore, compounded microbial flocculant has little effect on the growth of all the rats, and any morphologic abnormal phenomenon hasn’t appeared. 展开更多
关键词 compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) generative toxicity genetic toxicity security evaluation
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Degradation of chlorophenol by in-situ electrochemically generated oxidant 被引量:2
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作者 丛燕青 吴祖成 +1 位作者 叶倩 谭天恩 《Journal of Zhejiang University Science》 EI CSCD 2004年第2期180-185,共6页
A novel in-situ electrochemical oxidation method was applied to the degradation of wastewater containing chlorophenol. Under oxygen sparging, the strong oxidant, hydrogen dioxide, could be in-situ generated through th... A novel in-situ electrochemical oxidation method was applied to the degradation of wastewater containing chlorophenol. Under oxygen sparging, the strong oxidant, hydrogen dioxide, could be in-situ generated through the reduction of oxygen on the surface of the cathode. The removal rate ofchlorophenol could be increased 149% when oxygen was induced in the electrochemical cell. The promotion factor was estimated to be about 82.63% according to the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant (min^-1). Important operating parameters such as current density, sparged oxygen rate were investigated. Higher sparged oxygen rate could improve the degradation of chlorophenol. To make full use of oxygen, however, sparged oxygen rate of 0.05 m3/h was adopted in this work. Oxidation-reduction potential could remarkably affect the generation of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the removal rate of chlorophenol was not in direct proportion to the applied current density. The optimum current density was 3.5 mA/cm^2 when initial chlorophenol concentration was 100 mg/L and sparged oxygen rate was 0.05 m^3/h. 展开更多
关键词 In-situ electrochemical oxidation CHLOROPHENOL Oxygen Hydrogen peroxide
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Application of CASS in Treating Domestic Sewage at Low Temperatures 被引量:2
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作者 何绪文 桑义敏 +1 位作者 王守中 吴兵 《Journal of China University of Mining and Technology》 2001年第2期168-172,共5页
The feasibility of using CASS technique for treating domestic sewage at low temperatures was investigated. The results indicate that for domestic sewage (averagely, ρ(BOD5)=295.7 mg/L; ρ(CODCr )= 811.7 mg/L; ρ(SS)=... The feasibility of using CASS technique for treating domestic sewage at low temperatures was investigated. The results indicate that for domestic sewage (averagely, ρ(BOD5)=295.7 mg/L; ρ(CODCr )= 811.7 mg/L; ρ(SS)= 119.6 mg/L), the removal rates are 95.3%, 85.7%, 91%, respectively. The CASS technique is operable in a wide range of temperature (about -5~20 ℃), but φ(S) and ρ(S) values are higher at low temperature than those at normal temperature. A low temperature is good for oxygen transmission and the cyclic fluctuation of DO (dissolved oxygen) is benefit for the removal of P and N, preventing the sludge from bulking. 展开更多
关键词 CASS domestic sewage treatment active sludge life form
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Problems of drinking water treatment along Ismailia Canal Province, Egypt
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作者 Mohamed H.GERIESH Klaus-Dieter BALKE Ahmed E.EL-RAYES 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第3期232-242,共11页
The present drinking water purification system in Egypt uses surface water as a raw water supply without a preliminary filtration process.On the other hand,chlorine gas is added as a disinfectant agent in two steps,pr... The present drinking water purification system in Egypt uses surface water as a raw water supply without a preliminary filtration process.On the other hand,chlorine gas is added as a disinfectant agent in two steps,pre-and post-chlorination.Due to these reasons most of water treatment plants suffer low filtering effectiveness and produce the trihalomethane(THM) species as a chlorination by-product.The Ismailia Canal represents the most distal downstream of the main Nile River.Thus its water contains all the proceeded pollutants discharged into the Nile.In addition,the downstream reaches of the canal act as an agricultural drain during the closing period of the High Dam gates in January and February every year.Moreover,the wide industrial zone along the upstream course of the canal enriches the canal water with high concentrations of heavy metals.The obtained results indicate that the canal gains up to 24.06×106 m3 of water from the surrounding shallow aquifer during the closing period of the High Dam gates,while during the rest of the year,the canal acts as an influent stream losing about 99.6×106 m3 of its water budget.The reduction of total organic carbon(TOC) and suspended particulate matters(SPMs) should be one of the central goals of any treatment plan to avoid the disinfectants by-products.The combination of sedimentation basins,gravel pre-filtration and slow sand filtration,and underground passage with microbiological oxidation-reduction and adsorption criteria showed good removal of parasites and bacteria and complete elimination of TOC,SPM and heavy metals.Moreover,it reduces the use of disinfectants chemicals and lowers the treatment costs.However,this purification system under the arid climate prevailing in Egypt should be tested and modified prior to application. 展开更多
关键词 Drinking water treatment Hazardous by-products Natural attenuation Ismailia Canal EGYPT
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Wastewater Quality Assessment of a Petroleum Refinery in Ghana
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作者 Frederick Kobina Nkrumah Mike Agbesi Acheampong +1 位作者 Ebenezer David Okwaning Ansa Jackson Adiyiah 《Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B)》 2013年第9期514-520,共7页
TOR (Tema oil refinery) is the only petroleum refinery in Ghana. To assess the quality of the wastewater, wastewater samples taken from three points of discharge into the treatment plant and the treated effluent wer... TOR (Tema oil refinery) is the only petroleum refinery in Ghana. To assess the quality of the wastewater, wastewater samples taken from three points of discharge into the treatment plant and the treated effluent were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. The levels of the pH, temperature, conductivity, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), TSS (Total Suspended Solids) and phenol were assessed from January to June, 2011. The results obtained indicate varied levels of contaminants in both the untreated and treated wastewater. The average values of the treated effluent parameters analyzed were 38 ℃, 6,258 μs.cm-1, 314 mg-L-1, 115 mg.L-1, 2,689 mg-L-1 and 1 mg.L-1 for the temperature, conductivity, COD, TDS, TSS and phenol, respectively. The results suggest that both the raw wastewater and the treated effluent did not meet the discharge limit set by Ghana Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the treated effluent required additional treatment before it can be discharged into the environment. This suggests that the wastewater treatment plant of TOR is ineffective for the type of wastewater produced. 展开更多
关键词 Industrial wastewater PETROLEUM EFFLUENT POLLUTANTS Tema oil refinery Ghana.
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Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in SBR Using Glucose as a Single Organic Substrate
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作者 蒋轶锋 李相昆 +4 位作者 冯晓宇 王树涛 王宝贞 刘亚男 陈建孟 《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》 EI CAS 2008年第1期106-110,共5页
Enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR) was investigated in an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) supplied with glucose as a single organic substrate.The results illustrated that EBPR process could a... Enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR) was investigated in an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) supplied with glucose as a single organic substrate.The results illustrated that EBPR process could also occur successfully with glucose other than short chain fatty acids(SCFAs).High phosphorus release and poly-hydroxyalkanoate(PHA) accumulation in the anaerobic phase was found vital for the removal of phosphorus during the aerobic phase.The measurement of intracellular reserves revealed that glycogen had a higher chance to replace the energy role of poly-P under anaerobic conditions.Moreover,glycogen was also utilized as the carbon source for PHA synthesis,as well as a reducing power as reported earlier.The accumulated PHA in this system was mainly in the form of poly-hydroxyvalerate(PHV) instead of poly-hydroxybutyrate(PHB),and was inferred to be caused by the excess reducing power contained in glucose.Lactate as a fermentation product was also found released into the bulk solution.Applying fundamental biochemistry knowledge to the experimental results,a conceptual biochemical model was developed to explain the metabolism of the glucose-induced EBPR. 展开更多
关键词 enhanced biological phosphorus removal EBPR sequencing batch reactor SBR GLUCOSE GLYCOGEN poly-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
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