油藏改造技术对老油田提升采收率的影响

此次探讨了油藏改造技术对老油田提升采收率的影响方向,深入分析了水驱动、气驱动、化学驱动、热驱动和生物驱动等常见改造技术的原理及在老油田中的应用效果。在优点方面,这些技术潜在地提高了采收率,具备可持续性与环保性。然而,技术成本与投资、操作复杂性与风险仍是挑战。最后,未来研究方向应聚焦于解决技术难题、提高经济效益、降低环境影响,并推动数字化和人工智能在油藏管理中的应用。

矿山废弃物处理与资源化利用在采矿工程中的重要性探究

在采矿工程中,矿山废物处理与资源化利用是一项重要任务。以既往的处理方法,矿山废物常常被视为废弃物,堆积而无人答复,对环境造成严重污染。然而,如果能将这些废物进行资源化的处理,不仅可以减少对环境的影响,实现生态环保,还能创造额外的经济效益。本研究针对矿山废弃物的处理与资源化利用进行了全面深入的探讨,首先通过对其他相关研究进行分析,确定了当前矿山废弃物处理与资源化利用的主要问题及其成因,然后提出了一套有效的处理与利用方案。本研究为采矿工程中废弃物处理与资源化利用带来了新的视角和指导,有望推动采矿工程更加环保可持续的发展。

基于环保背景下的服装品牌零售新空间的研究

随着消费者对品牌方环保措施和行动的期望值越来越高,服装品牌在提升产品环保性的同时,零售空间的可持续性革新也至关重要。针对这一趋势提出商品以绿色环保的形式进行展出和出售,确保品牌从产品设计生产到展示设备都能贯彻环保的原则。本文通过对国内外服装品牌可持续零售的案例进行分析,结合社会要求与消费者需求,探究服装品牌的环保零售新空间,并得出结论,服装品牌可持续应在营销、包装、店铺设计、客户体验等各个方面有所体现,而不仅仅在于最终产品这一方面,并提出品牌可实施的措施与建议。

生物可降解材料在运动鞋材中的应用展望

随着各国环保政策的出台,生物可降解聚合物成为了可持续材料的理想选择,因而受到了广泛关注,在运动鞋鞋材上也得到了一定的应用。本文罗列了生物可降解聚合物种类和降解机理,以及其在环保鞋材上的应用和研究进展,归纳了生物可降解聚合物在应用中的不足,指出了生物可降解材料在运动鞋材领域的研究方向。

关于城市桥梁设计优化策略的探讨

针对当前快速城市化进程中面临的新挑战和需求,探讨了城市桥梁设计的优化策略,提出一系列应对措施。在综述城市桥梁设计的主要原则和标准,并认识到其设计挑战的基础上,对桥梁设计优化的重要性进行了深入剖析,着重强调了其对经济、交通、社区以及环境产生的深远影响。优化策略的探讨涵盖了创新材料的应用,计算机辅助设计和模拟的使用,桥梁健康监测的实施,以及对灾害抵抗力的提升,特别是在可持续性和环保设计策略方面,引领了新的设计趋势。为了进一步阐释这些策略的实际效用,借助具体的桥梁设计案例,梳理了成功优化设计的关键因素,总结了相关的最佳实践。研究结果显示,这些优化策略在提升桥梁的耐久性和功能性,降低维护成本,以及推动环保和可持续性目标实现方面,都具有显著效果。

Analysis on Countermeasures of Water and Soil Conservation and Eco-environment Construction in China

With economy development,human destruction of eco-environment is deteriorating,which has become a key treatment nationwide.What＇s more,eco-environment construction is proceeding and multi-eco-environment projects are developing.Water and soil conservation and eco-environment construction should be a strategic task long-term insisted on,which is a part of agricultural construction.The research analyzed the relationship between water and soil conservation with eco-environment,concluded the process of ecological civilization construction in promoting water and soil conservation,and proposed countermeasures,laying foundation for water and soil conservation and ecological construction.

小家电包装以纸代塑和减量降本实践应用研究

某全球著名小家电品牌企业为应对全球暖化和达成碳排放目标,对该品牌旗下所有产品包装制定了环保优化方案和可持续发展战略。以该企业“以纸代塑”项目为例,介绍了实施小家电包装以纸代塑和减量降本技改方案的途径;通过运输包装测试,验证了新包装方案的有效性。实践表明,实施以纸代塑和减量降本项目,可以降低瓦楞纸板的使用量,减少包装采购成本,实现经济效益和社会效益双赢。

Roles of State Strategy of Adaptation to Climate Change in China

For the adverse impacts of climate change, China gov- ernment should place the problem of adaptation to climate change on the agenda. It is time to institute and implement a state adap- tive strategy to reduce the adverse impacts on economy, commu- nity and people's health and life by international cooperation and our own endeavor. A state strategy of adaptation to climate change should be closely linked with other current interrelated national strategies, and they should be supplemented and improved by each other. This paper discusses the roles of the state strategy of adaptation to climate change in the state climate change integra- tive strategy, the environmental protection strategy, and the sus- tainable development strategy in China. Furthermore, it proposes the main aims of the state adaptive strategy of China.

Uses of Blast Furnace Slag as Complex Fertilizer

Significant quantities of slag are generated as waste material or by-product every day from steel industries. They usually contain considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. Transforming these solid wastes from one form to another to be reused either by the same production unit or by different industrial installation is very much essential not only for conserving metals and mineral resources but also for protecting the environment. The sustainable development concept requires a more efficient management of waste materials and preservation of environment. The paper presents the basic characteristics of slag, analyses and it＇s modification by incorporating some essential plant nutrients and the possibility of its application as fertilizer was studied.

Ecological residence:theory and application in China

This paper makes an overall introduction of ecological residence (ER), a new type of eco-building and studiesits origin, definition, status quo and characteristics. Firstly, it shapes like a forest seen from afar and like a garden seeninside; secondly, its environment should be up to the natural level; thirdly, designing, management, green energyutilization and sanitation should be up to environmental standard; fourthly, the green ecology concept is not only appliedto building but also rooted in the residents. In this paper, the features of ecological residence are summarized - coziness,health, high-efficiency and beauty, and principles of ecological residence are proposed - ecology-based, human-oriented,local-conditions-based and systematic. Also, techniques, problems and various understandings are discussed for theenhancement of ecological residence.

Poverty Reduction,Environmental Protection and Ecosystem Services:A Prospective Theory for Sustainable Development

Poverty reduction and environmental protection are two global tasks for sustainable development.The study perspective has changed over time,from narrowly focusing on poverty reduction to comprehensively strengthening human-welfare.We reviewed key references targeting the theoretical content and practical approach relying on poverty,environment protection and ecosystem services.We discussed the contradicting views on the relationship of poverty and environmental degradation,and then illustrated the study progress of a cutting-age topic-ecosystem services which pave a way to address poverty reduction and environmental protection together.At last,we investigated essential factors that affect the development and environmental protection.Considering the evolution of the concept of poverty,we found that the environment has occupied an increasing proportion in the cognizance of poverty.The relationship between poverty and environmental degradation is regional uniqueness.In practical aspect,projects based on the management and valuation assessment of ecosystem services draw researchers′attention all over the world.The appropriate scale,essential economic incentives,morality,law and social equality are key factors affecting individuals′decisions which directly relate to the sustainable development.

Impacts of Human Activity on Biodiversity——An Approach to Driving Force Indicators

The impact of human activity on biodiversity is very complicated, making it difficult to design practical indicators for assessment.Currently,state and response indicators are listed within Chapter15 of Agenda21,but no mention is made of driving force indicators and how they relate to biodiversity protection. This paper repre- sents an effort to identify and then operationalize the idea of driving force indicators at national level.Five human induced factors affecting biodiversity were discussed: (a) habitat loss and fragmentation; (b) overexploitation of resources;(c)species introduction;(d)pollution;and (e) climate change. From these five factors, a subsetwas selected to serve as possible driving force indicators:(1)habitat loss, (2)the ratio of exotic species to indigenous ones, and (3)the change in pollution status. Although the three indicators are relatively simple,they coverthe most important human impacts on biodiversity and offer the potential for further redefinition and ultimate use within the spirit of biodiversity protection.

Environmental issues and countermeasures in exploiting water resources of rivers

Based on affirming the tremendous benefits that water resources of rivers can provide in their exploitation, main environmental problems and their countermeasures have been proposed and analyzed in this paper. It is argued that multiple measures should be applied to solving those problems by simultaneously carrying out engineering measures, scientific research and also programs to cultivate the society’s awareness, aimed at a sustainable development strategy for exploiting water resources.

Background, Pattern and Policy of China for Developing Circular Economy

Circular economy has become one of China’s im- portant strategies to realize scientific development and build ecological civilization at present. As in China circular economy was put forward as a new economic pattern, the international community generally holds that this is an innovative move for China’s economy to realize leap-forward development and hopes to learn more about the theory, policy and practice relating to China’s circular economy. This article introduces and comments on the necessity to develop circular economy in China, implications and characteristics of China’s circular economy, and China’s main practices and policies to promote it at present.

Infrastructure for China＇s Ecologically Balanced Civilization

China＇s green investment needs up to 2020 are ￥1.7 trillion-2.9 trillion CNY （$274 billion-468 billion USD） per year. Estimates of financing requirements are provided for multiple sectors, including susainable energy, infrastructure （including for environmental protection）, environmental remediation, industrial pollution control, energy and water efficiency, and green products. The context to China＇s green financing is discussed, covering urbanization, climate change, interactions between infrastructure sectors, and the transformation of industry. Much of the infrastructure financing will occur in cities, with a focus on equity, environmental protection, and quality of life under the National New-Type Urbanization Plan （2014-2020）. China has implemented many successful policies in the building sector, but there is still considerable scope for improvement in the energy efficiency of Chinese buildings. China is currently pursuing low-carbon growth strategies that are consistent with its overall environmental and quality-of-life objectives. Beyond 2020, China＇s future as an ecologically balanced civilization will rest on the implementation of a central infrastructure policy： China 2050 High Renewable Energy Penetration Scenario and Roadmap Study. As exemplified by the Circular Economy Development Strategy and Near-Term Action Plan, an essential part of China＇s green industrial transformation involves engineering systems that conserve materials, thereby reducing or even eliminating wastes. To better understand changes to China＇s economy under its green transformation and to unlock large potential sources of finance, it is necessary to undertake a fuller examination of all of China＇s infrastructure sectors, particularly freight rail infrastructure and ports. Large investments are required to clean up a legacy of environmental contamination of soil and groundwater and to reduce industrial pollution. Transformation of the power sector away from coal will avoid some industrial treatment costs. The contribution of engineers in planning, designing, and constructing China＇s new green infrastructure will be furthered by understanding the broad policy context and the interactions between land use, infrastructure, and environmental performance.

Economic Growth:Theoretical Arguments about Resources,Environment and the Limit Issue & the Choices Faced by the Human Being

The relationship between man and nature seems highly diverse during the evolving process of human society. Numerous destructive consequences incurring from the carly stage of the industrialization led to man＇s severe concern about ecological and environment issues. In 1972, a book entitled “The Limits To Growth” ushered in a worldwide argumentation campaign, and forced man to realize that the bearing capacity of ecological surroundings is finite, and the quantity of resources is numbered as well. Admittedly, the human advance in science and technology, from the long-term viewpoint, is capable of discovering new types of energy and resources. However, each specific period of human history is always endangered due to the crisis of energy and resources. Therefore the core of the retainable development lies in variation of the outdated pattern of economic growth as well as pursuit to the new substitutes.

Quality-Oriented Facade Systems： Technical Data Referred to Maintenance Phase and Residual Value

Nowadays, clients require solutions that are efficient during the service life as a whole. In this view, maintenance has functional value and greatly contributes to increasing quality in environments. With reference to maintenance phase and residual value of building products upon dismantling, the present manuscript investigates a set of technological packages of quality and technical value referred to two alternative facade systems available for recovery actions on Italian council buildings--the ETICS （external thermal insulation composite system） and the external cladding system--complying with one thermal-insulation strategy, but different in terms of service life duration. Preservation of technical value and value increases are strictly related to maintenance quality and efficiency. Volume of investments in maintenance is not the only parameter to be considered to assess facade-system-management quality. Time-accurate economic assessment requires the entity to be related to periodical checks on performance quality in the building system and in its parts. Effective technical data to draw up consistent estimates and appraisals are rarely available in literature. With all that stated above, the present manuscript aims at introducing technical data related to drawing up reliable cost estimates and effective appraisals in terms of economics, quality and environmental sustainability. Conclusions will be drawn from the end of the manuscript.

Study on the Foreign Eco-tourism Environment Protection Act and Its Enlightenment

China, as a power in ecotourism resources, is luxuriant in eco-tourism resources. With the continuous expansion of the ecological tourism market, however, the ecological tourism environment protection problems are becoming acute. Then, the ecological tourism will be in a fatal blow in China if the ecological tourism environment is not being protected. Therefore, improving China＇ s ecological tourism environmental protection legal system is of important practical significance to the sustainable development of tourism on the basis of introducing the experience of developed countries in ecotourism environmental protection act.

A Review： Investigation of Bioplastics

Because of increasing environmental concerns/legislative pressure for plastics waste and rapid increases in the cost of petroleum, the development of ＂environmental friendly＂ materials has attracted extensive interest. Recently, bioplastics are one of the most innovative environmental friendly materials developed. Therefore, this paper will look at aspects of the bioplastics from the perspective of sustainability, advantages/disadvantages and standards. The global bioplastics market is thought to be growing at a rate of 20%-25% per year. They have some advantages such as lower carbon footprint, independence, energy efficiency, and eco-safety. However, they have some disadvantages such as high cost, recycling, reducing raw materials, misused of terms and lack of legislation. For the sustainability, recycling systems and production technology may be developed for bioplastics and by-product should be used for their production. Also, there is much standardization about them. It is important to have comparable international standard methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need to standardize all details. A new guide and standard for just bioplastics should be developed for production, usage and bioplastic waste management for every country in the world.

Basic Structures and Political Implications of a Sustainable Welfare Model

A synopsis of political welfare concepts, which are currently discussed under labels such as ＂green growth＂, ＂zero growth＂ and ＂degrowth＂, has identified fundamental shortcomings concerning the informational bases of the complex links between ecological, social and economic systems, which were taken into account in the creation of the concept. In the development of a concept for political action, a rationally acting environmental policy cannot neglect reflecting on which economic, ecological and social contexts have to be taken into account and on which normative statements its decisions should be grounded. The proposed sustainable welfare model consists of a positive impact and a normative decision model. The positive model provides a description of the ＂world＂ with which the effects of the various options for action on the environmental, social and the economic systems can be assessed. The normative model is a tool for selecting and assessing the options for action in pursuing the desired goal of sustainable welfare development. Principally the key environmental goals are prearranged to socio-economic goals. The model at hand provides the reference points for the development of a sustainable welfare concept, which can be used as a political action plan in the context of environmental policy.