石油和化学工业环保废水的处理工艺

环保问题作为当前社会经济发展工作的重中之重,如何有效处理石油化工企业废水以及如何对当前石油和化学工业环保废水处理工艺进行提升与创新,已经成为了现阶段石油和化学工业发展水平更上一层的关键性问题。文章即立足于当前石油和化学工业发展状况及其工业废水环保处理工艺水平,对石油化工废水的处理现状、主要工艺类型以及未来发展思路三个方面做了分析和探讨。

石油和化学工业环保废水的处理工艺

近年来,我国对石油资源的需求不断增加,石油化工行业有了很大进展。环保问题作为当前社会经济发展工作的重中之重,如何有效处理石油化工企业废水以及如何对当前石油和化学工业环保废水处理工艺进行提升与创新,已经成为了现阶段石油和化学工业发展水平更上一层的关键性问题。文章即立足于当前石油和化学工业发展状况及其工业废水环保处理工艺水平,对石油化工废水的处理现状、主要工艺类型以及未来发展思路三个方面做了分析和探讨。

化工生产废水环保处理方法研究

随着社会经济的飞速发展,化工业的进程也越来越快,化工生产规模也在日益壮大,同时给环境带来的影响越来越多。比如化工生产过程中工业有毒废水的排放,严重污染了人们生存的环境。近年来,政府逐步加强对环境的保护,人们的环保意识逐渐提高,化工生产废水处理问题备受关注。单纯追求生产力已经不是社会发展的最终目标,环保问题已成为衡量经济发展的重要因素,文章就化工生产废水的环保处理技术与方法展开分析,为治理化工废水、保护环境做一份贡献。

化工生产废水环保处理方法研究

伴随着化工业的发展,化工生产规模逐渐扩大,而化工生产过程中产生的废水不仅排放量大、毒性强且难降解,这就给环境造成了严重的影响。随着人们的环保意识逐渐提高,对于化工生产的废水处理已成为了社会各界关注的焦点。本文就化工生产的废水环保处理技术与方法展开分析,为治理化工废水、保护环境做一份贡献。

化工生产废水环保处理方法研究

近些年化工生产规模扩大的同时使得其所生产的废水量也逐渐增多,而废水中具备强毒性和难降解性也对环境有很大的负面影响。如何处理化工生产的废水也逐渐的作为话题焦点被人们重视和关注起来。对处理化工废水的有效环保技术进行探究,致力于为有效治理化工废水以及环境保护工作提供一定的助力。

化工生产废水环保处理方法研究

近年来,化工行业在飞速的发展,而其对环境的危害也越来越明显。相关统计数据显示,化工废水是造成我国资源污染的主要污染源。化工企业虽然扩大了生产规模,但是大量的工业废水也在化学生产过程中产生了,企业开发过程中生产的废水问题越来越明显,许多企业缺乏有效处理这种废水的办法。目前,废水处理技术不成熟和高运行成本是最主要的课题,我国化工环境保护技术领域应解决的主要问题是处理高生物毒性和高污染物含量的化学废水。通过不断加强人们对环境保护的意识,研究科学合理的废水治理方法,可以有效减少各种潜在污染源,为社会经济发展打下良好的基础。为此,本文研究并分析了化学生产废水的环境保护处理对策。

火焰原子吸收法在火电厂废水重金属离子检测中的应用

通过测试标准回归曲线、加标回收率、检出限、相对标准偏差等一系列实验得出火焰原子吸收光谱法对火电厂环保废水中的Pb、Ni、Cd、Cr重金属离子的加标回收率为97.85%、96.91%、98.17%、96.98%;检出限为0.02mg/L、0.002mg/L、0.002mg/L、0.04mg/L;相对标准偏差为1.3%、1.1%、0.7%、0.5%。说明了火焰原子吸收光谱法具有较高的灵敏度和准确度等特点,体现了其应用在火电厂环保废水中重金属离子检测的优势。

Composition and distribution of main pollution trace element in water environment of mining subsidence

The impact on these water bodies of the surrounding coal production activities and the power plant through research the content and characteristics of harmful trace elements in coal contained in these water bodies.F,Hg,Se and As these four trace ele- ments increased 0.92%,0.78%,0.70% and 0.81% respectively in Datong mining subsi- dence pool from November 2004 to November 2006;the four elements increased 1.58%, 1.23%,1.08% and 0.92% respectively in Xie'er mining subsidence pool;the four ele- ments increased 1.16%,1.06%,1.02% and 1.01% respectively in Pansan mining sub- sidence pool.The conclusions show that the absolute values of F,Hg,Se and As in mining subsidence pool are relate with their background value,while the increase in their concen- tration and their environment of mine and electricity plant surrounded are closely linked.

Pretreatment of coking wastewater using anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR)

A laboratory-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) was used to pretreat coking wastewater. Inoculated anaerobic granular biomass was acclimated for 225 d to the coking wastewater, and then the biochemical methane potential (BMP)of the coking wastewater in the acclimated granular biomass was measured. At the same time, some fundamental technological factors, such as the filling time and the reacting time ratio (tf/tr), the mixing intensity and the intermittent mixing mode, that affect anaerobic pretreatment of coking wastewater with ASBR, were evaluated through orthogonal tests. The COD removal efficiency reached 38％～50％ in the stable operation period with the organic loading rate of 0.37～0.54 kg COD/(m3.d) at the optimum conditions of tf/tr, the mixing intensity and the intermittent mixing mode. In addition, the biodegradability of coking wastewater distinctly increased after the pretreatment using ASBR. At the end of the experiment, the microorganism forms on the granulated sludge in the ASBR were observed using SEM (scanning electron microscope) and fluoroscope. The results showed that the dominant microorganism on the granular sludge was Methanosaeta instead of Methanosarcina dominated on the inoculated sludge.

Kinetics of aerobically activated sludge on terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater treatment

Aerobically activated sludge processing was carried out to treat terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater (TPD wastewater) in a lab-scale experiment, focusing on the kinetics of the COD removal. The kinetics pa-rameters determined from experiment were applied to evaluate the biological treatability of wastewater. Experiments showed that COD removal could be divided into two stages, in which the ratio BOD/COD (B/C) was the key factor for stage division. At the rapid-removal stage with B/C>0.1, COD removal could be described by a zero order reaction. At the mod-erate-removal stage with B/C<0.1, COD removal could be described by a first order reaction. Then Monod equation was introduced to indicate COD removal. The reaction rate constant (K) and half saturation constant (KS) were 0.0208-0.0642 L/(gMLSS)h and 0.44-0.59 (gCOD)/L respectively at 20 C-35 C. Activation energy (Ea) was 6.05104 J/mol. By comparison of kinetic parameters, the biological treatability of TPD wastewater was superior to that of traditional textile wastewater. But COD removal from TPD-wastewater was much more difficult than that from domestic and industrial wastewater, such as papermaking, beer, phenol wastewater, etc. The expected effluent quality strongly related to un-biodegradable COD and kinetics rather than total COD. The results provide useful basis for further scaling up and efficient operation of TPD wastewater treatment.

Degradation of chlorophenol by in－situ electrochemically generated oxidant

A novel in-situ electrochemical oxidation method was applied to the degradation of wastewater containing chlorophenol. Under oxygen sparging, the strong oxidant, hydrogen dioxide, could be in-situ generated through the reduction of oxygen on the surface of the cathode. The removal rate ofchlorophenol could be increased 149% when oxygen was induced in the electrochemical cell. The promotion factor was estimated to be about 82.63% according to the pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant (min^-1). Important operating parameters such as current density, sparged oxygen rate were investigated. Higher sparged oxygen rate could improve the degradation of chlorophenol. To make full use of oxygen, however, sparged oxygen rate of 0.05 m3/h was adopted in this work. Oxidation-reduction potential could remarkably affect the generation of hydrogen peroxide. It was found that the removal rate of chlorophenol was not in direct proportion to the applied current density. The optimum current density was 3.5 mA/cm^2 when initial chlorophenol concentration was 100 mg/L and sparged oxygen rate was 0.05 m^3/h.

Security evaluation of compounded microbial flocculant

A new kind of compounded microbial flocculant (CMBF) for water and wastewater treatment has been developed through biological technology. In order to discuss its biological security, four groups of experiments, rat acute toxicity test via mouth, salmonella assay in vitro, mouse micronucleus in vivo test and teratogenesis test were conducted to evaluate its general toxicity, genotoxicity and generative toxicity. The experimental results showed that this type of compounded microbial flocculant was a substantial non-toxic substance based on the fact that LD50 value was over 10 mg/kg. The results from salmonella in vivo test and mouse micronucleus in vivo test revealed that the compounded microbial flocculant is a genetically non-toxic substance. Furthermore, compounded microbial flocculant has little effect on the growth of all the rats, and any morphologic abnormal phenomenon hasn’t appeared.

Treatment of engine-oil polluted wastewater with a mixed bacterial flora and kinetics of biodegradation

A mixed bacterial flora was isolated from the soil of two petroleum-contaminated sites, then cultivated and domesticated in an open environment. The bacteria were used to degrade engine oil in wastewater. The optimum biodegradation conditions for all engine oil concentrations of respectively 489 mg L^-1, 1. 075 mg L^-1 and 2 088 mg L^-1 are bacterial inoculum concentration of 0.1%, temperature at 30 ℃ to 35 ℃, pH 7.0 to 7.5, and rotation at 190 r mia^-1 to 240 r rain^-1. The second-order kinetic model proposed by Quiroga and Sales describes the characteristics of the biodegradation of the engine oil very well. Engine oil concentration barely changes the growth rate of the bacterial consortium. The mixed bacterial flora has a high biodegrading capability for engine oil.

Wastewater Quality Assessment of a Petroleum Refinery in Ghana

TOR （Tema oil refinery） is the only petroleum refinery in Ghana. To assess the quality of the wastewater, wastewater samples taken from three points of discharge into the treatment plant and the treated effluent were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. The levels of the pH, temperature, conductivity, COD （Chemical Oxygen Demand）, TDS （Total Dissolved Solids）, TSS （Total Suspended Solids） and phenol were assessed from January to June, 2011. The results obtained indicate varied levels of contaminants in both the untreated and treated wastewater. The average values of the treated effluent parameters analyzed were 38 ℃, 6,258 μs.cm-1, 314 mg-L-1, 115 mg.L-1, 2,689 mg-L-1 and 1 mg.L-1 for the temperature, conductivity, COD, TDS, TSS and phenol, respectively. The results suggest that both the raw wastewater and the treated effluent did not meet the discharge limit set by Ghana Environmental Protection Agency. Therefore, the treated effluent required additional treatment before it can be discharged into the environment. This suggests that the wastewater treatment plant of TOR is ineffective for the type of wastewater produced.

Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in SBR Using Glucose as a Single Organic Substrate

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR) was investigated in an anaerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor(SBR) supplied with glucose as a single organic substrate.The results illustrated that EBPR process could also occur successfully with glucose other than short chain fatty acids(SCFAs).High phosphorus release and poly-hydroxyalkanoate(PHA) accumulation in the anaerobic phase was found vital for the removal of phosphorus during the aerobic phase.The measurement of intracellular reserves revealed that glycogen had a higher chance to replace the energy role of poly-P under anaerobic conditions.Moreover,glycogen was also utilized as the carbon source for PHA synthesis,as well as a reducing power as reported earlier.The accumulated PHA in this system was mainly in the form of poly-hydroxyvalerate(PHV) instead of poly-hydroxybutyrate(PHB),and was inferred to be caused by the excess reducing power contained in glucose.Lactate as a fermentation product was also found released into the bulk solution.Applying fundamental biochemistry knowledge to the experimental results,a conceptual biochemical model was developed to explain the metabolism of the glucose-induced EBPR.