美国1991财年环保预算

环境问题已成为当今世界瞩目的重大问题之一。在工业、技术高度发达的美国,环境保护已成为政府和国会优先考虑的领域之一。美国总统布什多次在不同的场合表示要给环保以足够的重视。美国政府1991财年预算为环保局提供了较多的经费,使之能够更有效地执行有关环境保护的一系列法律和规定。

环境保护税开征对环保预算支出影响的分析

费改税后环保税收入全部归地方,实现排污收费制度向环境税收制度的顺利转移,费改税带来的地方政府财政收入的变化是否会影响环境保护的预算支出?如若地方将此收入纳入财政公共统筹甚至因地方财政缺口而挤占环保资金,环保税矫正企业污染外部性的功能将无从谈起,为最大化发挥环保税整治环境污染、提高环境质量的作用,同时为地方环保预算支出提供充分保障,从而有效推进环保税进程,必须规定环保税列为环保专项资金专款专用。

优化我国环保投资结构的若干建议

引入计量工具对我国的环保投资结构合理性进行检验,结果表明当前的环保投资结构有待优化。分析了我国环保投资结构不合理的原因。结合国情提出了优化我国环保投资结构的建议:转换思路,调整政府环保投资重心;缩小城市环境基础设施建设投资统计口径;加快政府官员绩效考核体系的改革;建立合理的环境保护投资预算体系。

Comparing material wastage levels between conventional in-situ and prefabrication construction in Hong Kong

Generation of construction wastes constitutes a major impact to the environment. Studies have been directed toward reducing wastes of the various construction processes. However, contractors in Hong Kong are rather conservative and lack motivation to develop new technology for waste minimization. This paper examines the benefits of using prefabrication in reducing material wastage levels for some traditional in-situ trades such as concreting, rebar fixing, bricklaying, drywall, plastering, screeding and tiling in Hong Kong. By measuring thirty construction projects, it is been found that waste levels of all major construction trades can be effectively reduced. This is particularly significant in the trade of plastering where 100% saving can be achieved after adopting prefabrication. The standardized design of the building can also be useful in the adoption of prefabrication for private housing projects.