中东剧变以来环地中海国际关系的变化及影响

自中东剧变以来,环地中海地区的国际关系发生一系列重要变化,原本扁平化的地中海似乎正“由窄变宽”,日益碎片化、动荡化,多场冲突与危机集中爆发,地区安全面临多样化挑战,围绕能源资源和地区主导权的争夺导致东地中海局势异常紧张,环地中海大国竞争呈现新特点,西方对环地中海掌控能力下降。这一系列变化与中东剧变有着深刻联系,既是中东剧变的一部分,也与当下国际大变局紧密相关。

环地中海与环太平洋:古代世界的两种文明形态

上个世纪的中华文明研究,总体上是在西方文明理论框架下进行,因而有许多误解。中国百年考古发掘研究与西方两百年考古发掘研究证明,中华文明与古希腊古罗马文明在起源、形态、特质等方面均有许多不同之处;而且,中华文明还代表了整个环太平洋古代文明的形态特征,古希腊文明则代表了整个环地中海古代诸文明的形态特征。在马克思主义唯物史观指导下,坚持“两个相结合”,深入研究中华文明形态特征,不仅可以为中国特色社会主义所创造的“人类文明新形态”提供有力理论支撑,还可以为人类社会的未来发展提供中国文明形态模式与中国智慧方案,意义重大。

内外之间环地中海建筑的地域性特征

环地中海区域独特的地理特征使得当地建筑拥有一种"间性"特点。这种"间性"在物理层面上描述的是山海相携的地理环境;在精神层面上,它表达的是在文化中心从海洋向欧洲内陆偏移的过程中,当地建筑师在设计手法上摇摆于内(精神中心与主流)外(物质环境与现实)之间的折中性。文中分析的三个案例,从巴洛克时期到21世纪初,它们分别从原型与地貌、域外的中心、个体中的城市三个角度描述了个体理想原型与场地具体环境之间的角力与平衡。正是这种内外之间的相互作用,孕育了地中海建筑的地域性特征。

相似的悲剧:中外比较视角下之文学模式——陈三五娘为情“跳井”而亡故事献疑

闽南地区是伊斯兰教传入中国最早的地区之一,伊斯兰文化对闽南文化的影响非常深远。广泛流行于闽南、粤东地区的陈三五娘双双殉情之悲剧传说,最大的相同点都是首先男方在误以为爱人(恋人)已死的情况下,断然自杀,而女方目睹后,毅然追随,双双殉情。这种故事模式在中国传统爱情故事中是极其罕见的,该传说可能与古代中东乃至环地中海区域关于皮剌摩斯、罗密欧的殉情故事有关系,它由宋元以来的阿拉伯移民(商人)带到闽南粤东地区并改造而成的。

Heat transfer analysis and experimental verification of cast heat exchanger

From the viewpoints of environmental conservation and energy efficiency,seawater-source heat pump system(SWHP) to provide district cooling and heating is applied in coastal areas.Based on the system,a heat transfer model was established for cast heat exchanger(CHE) adopted by SWHP systems.The CHE consists of pipes immersed in the seawater and used for transferring heat between the seawater and the heat exchanger pipes of SWHP system.An experimental study was carried out to test the validity of the model.A program was developed in VB language and the effects of inlet temperature,flow rate of the secondary refrigerant and length of CHE on the results were investigated.The results of the numerical simulation are in consistence with the experiments in both winter and summer conditions.As a result,application of SWHP systems with CHE in coastal areas in China is feasible due to the favorable geographical conditions and environment.

Bioclimatic Urbanism and Regional Design in Portugal： The Atlantic and the Mediterranean Contexts

The subject of the present work is the study of the relationship between the city shape and its geographical and climatic context. This is a very important feature of the Portuguese city. The Iberian Peninsula comprised by Spain and Portugal belongs to very different environments： the Atlantic and Mediterranean sea. This position is responsible for a series of highly contrasted regions. The external forces presented in each region, influence the shape, location and orientation, not only of individual buildings but of whole villages in such a way that we can identify pattems of construction in different natural regions. There is in fact, a remarkable correspondence between climate and urban type which is useful to identify for planning the different regions. The legacy of industrial city, as in other parts of the world, has changed this close connection between geography and architecture, with consequences not only in environment but especially for the identity of urban spaces. Bioclimatic urbanism is not just a question of sustainability or survival. It is also a question of local identity and variety. There is in fact a relationship between cultural process and environment responsive which we can learn from the structures of the past -- the pre-industrial city. We believe that the reinterpretation of the traditional city pattems forms a language which can be used as a design process for recovering urban landscape.

Tianjin, Thriving City of Rivers

TIANJIN is one of China’s four municipalities directly under the jurisdiction of the central government.Located to the east of Beijing,it faces the Bohai Sea and is an international shipping hub at the economic center of the Bohai Rim.China（Tianjin）Pilot Free Trade Zone serves the whole of North China.

Clarifying the relationship between PM2.5 and ozone complex pollution and synoptic patterns in a typical petrochemical city in the Bohai Rim region of China:Implications for air pollution forecasting and control

Meteorological conditions are vital to PM_(2.5)and ozone(O_(3))complex pollution.Herein,the T-mode principal com-ponent analysis method was employed to objectively classify the 925-hPa geopotential height field of Dongying from 2017 to 2022.Synoptic patterns associated with four pollution types-namely,PM_(2.5)-only pollution,O_(3)-only pollution,Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution,Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution-were characterized at different time scales.The results indicated that synoptic classes conducive to PM_(2.5)-only pollution were“high-pressure top front”,“offshore high-pressure rear”,and“high-pressure inside”,while those conducive to O_(3)-only pollution were“offshore high-pressure rear”,“subtropical high”,and“high and low systems”.The Co-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were influenced by high pressure,and the Non-occurring of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)pollution were linked to precipitation and strong northerly winds.The variation in dominant synoptic patterns is crucial in the frequency changes of the four pollution types,which was further validated through the analysis of typical cases.Under the favorable meteorological conditions of high-pressure control with strong northerly winds or a subtropical high and inverted trough both with strong precipitation,there is potential to achieve coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)in Dongying.Additionally,measures like artificially manipulating local humidity could be adopted to alleviate pollution levels.This study reveals the importance of comprehending the meteorological factors contributing to the formation of PM_(2.5)and O_(3)complex pollution for the improvement of urban air quality in the Bohai Rim region of China when emissions are high and the concentration of air pollutants exhibits high meteorological sensitivity.

文明的边缘——对华夏文明历史地位与人类文明进程的反思

人类文明进展的前提是足够多的“闲人”之间的充分交流。在人类进入新石器时代,发展出农业,能支持城市这一文明发展的标志和载体之后,下一步的跃进需要文字、青铜、(被驯化的)马、轮子/车子这四大发明。它们由人类文明的早期中心和摇篮的两河流域和埃及文明率先发展,文明世界边缘的中国后来居上,但这一世界之外的美洲文明等在遭遇欧洲文明之前,就一直没有走上这一台阶。中国所处的文明边缘、相对隔绝却又一枝独秀的地位,也使得华夏文明得以长期连续,使得中国长期成为文明的输出者。它也许没有环地中海文明那么丰富,但是也有其独特的方面和领先的地方。在与环地中海文明深入交流的今天,我们既不要妄自菲薄,也不要妄自尊大,从更广的视野下考察不同文明的得失,在开放的条件下进行不流血的激烈竞争,这才能使中国乃至人类的文明继续发展下去。

Metabolic enzymes in seasonally acclimatized and cold acclimated rufous-collared sparrow inhabiting a Chilean Mediterranean environment

Due to the higher energy requirements of birds during winter, it is predicted that the activities of metabolic enzymes （e.g., citrate synthase, CS and cytochrome C oxidase, COX） should increase in tandem with increases in rates of energy expendi ture （e.g., basal metabolic rate, BMR）. However, there is mixed support for the hypothesis of enzymatic acclimatization. Fur thermore, there is little information about the effect of ambient temperature on energetics and tissue enzyme activity levels in passerines inhabiting seasonal Mediterranean environments. In this study we evaluated the interplay between BMR and enzyme activities of freshly caught individuals of the passerine Zonotrichia capensis in winter and summer in a Mediterranean environment from central Chile, and also in warm （30℃） and cold （15℃） labacclimated birds. The results revealed a lack of seasonal variation in BMR, thermal conductance and in the activity of CS and COX. However, we found higher BMR and lower thermal conductance in coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. Also, total CS activity was higher in the flight muscles of coldacclimated than in warmacclimated birds. We found also a significant correlation between BMR and total CS activity in pectoral muscle. Although some authors have suggested that BMR mainly depends on the metabolic intensity and mass of internal organs, our results revealed that skeletal muscles such as the flight muscles may also affect BMR. Finally, differences in the accli mation and acclimatization responses in Rufouscollared sparrows suggest that largescale oscillations in the physical environment might maintain the capacity for flexibility in thermogenic traits through generations .

Differences in seed dormancy and germination in amphicarpic legumes:manifold bet-hedging in space and time

Aims Dispersal through space or time via dormancy is one of the primary processes whereby organisms can influence the environment they experience.In plants,strong evolutionary correlations are expected between the two kinds of dispersal because both are performed by the seeds and play comparable adaptive roles.In this paper,we investigated these evolutionary correlations using amphicarpic plants,which simultaneously produce aerial seeds with high spatial dispersal propensity and subterranean seeds that do not disperse.Methods We investigated the variation in dormancy and germination in aerial and subterranean seeds of two amphicarpic legumes(Vicia amphicarpa L.and Lathyrus amphicarpos L.)and two closely related homocarpic taxa(Vicia sativa L.and Lathyrus cicera L.)by estimating germination percentages following different combinations of dormancy breaking treatments(i.e.dry after-ripening,cold stratification and physical scarification).Important Findings Our results showed complex interactions between spatial and temporal dispersal.Right after dispersal,aerial seeds were more dormant than their subterranean counterparts,but this trend reversed with after-ripening,as seeds developed physical dormancy.Seeds of homocarpic plants germinated at higher percentages than those of their amphicarpic congeners and lost dormancy homogeneously with after-ripening.Conversely,amphicarpic seeds exhibited varied dormancy strategies modulated by both physiological and physical dormancy.These are expected to increase variation in emergence timing,providing multiple levels of diversifying bet-hedging.This strategy might be adaptive under highly unpredictable conditions by enabling plants to rely on historically favorable sites in good seasons without preventing spatial and temporal migration.

Stage-progressive distribution pattern of the Lungmachi black graptolitic shales from Guizhou to Chongqing, Central China

The Lungmachi Formation is widely distributed in Guizhou, Chongqing and the adjacent area. It is important for the study of Silurian biostratigraphy and shale-gas investigation. Based on those biostratigraphically well-studied sections from Guiyang to Huayingshan, we reveal the stage-progressive distribution pattern of the Lungmachi black shales. The distribution of the Lungmachi black shales in the studying area can be subdivided into four geographic belts from the south to the north,reflecting the joint effect of regional and global environmental changes. The graptolite depth zonation model was adopted herein to infer the water depth of major graptolite assemblages from the black shales. The changes in the water depth indicate two major stages. The first stage is named the transgressive distribution stage which ranged from the Persculptograptus persculptus Biozone(LM1, upper Hirnantian) to the Coronograptus cyphus Biozone(LM5, upper Rhuddanian), an interval mostly controlled by global sea-level rise. The second stage, ranging from the Demirastrites triangulatus Biozone(LM6, lower Aeronian) to the Spirograptus guerichi Biozone(LM9, lower Telychian), is named the regressive shrinking stage, during which the black shales were gradually replaced by mixed-facies or carbonate sediments from the south to the north, representing the effects of the persistent uplifting of the Central Guizhou Oldland.

Practice of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Coastal Zone, China

The mistakes made in the decision-making pro- cess would result in more serious environmental problems than in the project process. How to re- duce or avoid the negative environmental impacts that may be created in the decision-making process, and push the decision-making towards sustainabili- ty, strategic environmental assessment (SEA) was considered one of the most effective approaches and tools. Although SEA has been in existence for over ten years, it should be noted that there are still some shortcomings involving the framework, methodology, procedure and review methods. Based upon three SEA case studies in the coastal zone of Xiamen, China, this paper systematically compares and analyzes targets, contents, method- ologies, and effects of SEA. The results showed that the higher the level of the target, the larger the effect of SEA ; and the earlier SEA is involved in the decision-making process, the more effective SEA is in influencing decision-making. The conceptual framework for environmental protection principles proposed at the beginning of the decision-making process was developed. It was proven a very effi- cacious methodology for SEA.