论韩礼德的话题主位——概念的模糊及应用上的不足

本文分析了Halliday的话题主位概念 ,认为 ,它提出的定义概念模糊 ,没有明确环境成分和参与者充当主位的功能差异 ,不利于分析语篇的发展方法及主位分裂等式、倒装小句、存在小句和强调小句的话题主位。建议将Halliday经验主位一分为二 :环境主位和话题主位。

奥斯汀小说《爱玛》开篇的主位文体功能初探

基于Halliday的主位理论对奥斯汀小说《爱玛》开篇几段出现的主位类型进行分析,可以发现它们有着极其鲜明的文体特征。在利用参与者主位发挥概念功能的同时,小说作者巧妙地插入了组篇主位和环境主位,使得叙述焦点得以一直集中于女主人公,而且又交代了与主人公相关的其他人物,显示出了作者高超的叙述技巧。

棉花生育期的主位点组遗传分析

【目的】品种早熟性是高产、稳产的基础,对早熟陆地棉亲本及其组合进行有利、不利位点基因型分析,为早熟陆地棉育种提供理论依据。【方法】以来源不同的6个陆地棉品种为亲本,采用半双列杂交配制组合,应用作物数量性状主位点组分析方法,估计亲本遗传组分及杂种F1熟性性状的有利及不利主位点组。【结果】在以611波、金字棉为遗传背景的早熟亲本新陆早8、10号中,生育期主位点组基因型主要表现为++,明显缩短各生育阶段的天数;早熟性相关性状的遗传以加性效应为主,加性效应值依次为生育期>花铃期>苗期>蕾期。在中熟亲本荆8891中,++及——主位点组基因型的加性效应同等重要。晚熟亲本宁早1号、苏棉12和TM-1几乎所有++及——主位点组基因型均是不利的,表现为各生育阶段的延长。在苗期、蕾期、花铃期、全生育期等主位点组的效应中,J=16位点组加性效应值大于其它位点组,表明该位点组的存在能明显缩短生育期。杂种F1熟性的表现不仅受杂合位点的影响,也受纯合位点的影响,杂种生育阶段的长短主要取决于主位点组的杂合性。【结论】棉花早熟性相关性状中,主位点组加性效应均大于显性效应。蕾期、花铃期主位点组加性效应对早熟性起主导作用。

棉花霜前皮棉产量主位点组遗传分析

选用不同来源的6个棉花品种作亲本,按照Griffing P(P–1)/2不完全双列杂交方法配制15个杂交组合。应用QTL检测体系的主位点组基因型和基因效应,估计主位点组霜前皮棉产量杂种优势并分析有利位点组与杂种优势的关系。结果表明,霜前皮棉产量主位点组解释的变异占表型变异的36.79%,主位点组与环境互作解释的变异占表型变异的33.46%,环境解释的变异占表型变异的10.37%,微位点组解释的变异很低,占表型变异的3.27%。6个棉花品种的霜前皮棉产量的遗传受5个主位点组基因控制,其加性效应(aJ)分别为5.99**、-1.26**、-0.92**、-0.75和3.01,显性效应(dJ)分别为2.55**、4.16**、7.95**、5.32**和-7.71**,各主位点组基因的效应方向、大小不等。主位点组中亲优势变幅15.55%～133.56%,平均63.34%,高亲优势变幅15.39%～93.82%,平均44.56%。棉花霜前皮棉产量杂种优势主要取决于主位点组基因的杂合性。在棉花育种实践中,通过分析亲本及组合的主位点组基因型,能够得到有价值信息。配制早熟、高产杂交组合的同时,结合分子聚合设计育种,把优质、抗病虫、抗逆等性状集于一体,可培育出综合性状优良的常规品种,从而提高育种效率。

Environmental Nexus： and You Will Know Us by Our Places

The paper investigates the places of an urban region inside a Biosphere Reserve in southern Brazil and explores the potentialities for synergies between their biological and sociocultural systems. It assumes： （i） the perception of their regional rootedness works beneficially for enhancing sustainability; （ii） current progress in place＇s conceptualization helps in the quest for sustainability, since the core factors of the concept deal precisely with the relationships between people and environment. The paper works both with the perception of existing, as invented places, analysing the perception they stimulate. Real places are seen as socially constructed; invented places, as economically promoted. Selection of empirical regional cases is based on their： perception （real and invented places）; scale （urban and ex-urban）; management （public or private）. In the area of Architecture-Urbanism, place is a created environmental form, imbued with symbolic significance to its users. In the present shift of paradigms from modernism to postmodernism, the discipline evolves towards a more thorough concern with the philosophical implications of places on phenomenological grounds. Also, the making and marketing of new places become increasingly accepted as influential tools to foster prosperity and well-being, by means of the economic development attributed to the creation of places. The concerted private and public management of the region＇s places and the restrained design they presently employ are providing grounds for an affluent development, showing a wise use of the regional resources. Altogether, it seems inhabitants have learned how to work in conjunction with the environment. This hints at a clear manifestation of sustainable development, worth investigating. Presumably, the concept of place, positioned as it is at the very interface of physical, social, economic and behavioural disciplines, seems to provide a likely means for tackling the challenges for a sustained regional development planning.